Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Robust Regression Methods For Massively Decayed Intelligence Data, Akiva Joachim Lorenz

Wayne State University Dissertations

Homeland Security, sponsored by governmental initiatives, has become a vibrant academic research field. However, most efforts were placed with the recognition of threats (e.g. theory) and response options. Less effort was placed in the analysis of the collected data through statistical modeling. In a field that collects more than 20 terabyte of information per minute though diverse overt and covert means and indexes it for future research, understanding how different statistical models behave when it comes to massively decayed data is of vital importance.

Using Monte Carlo methods, three regression techniques (ordinary least squares, least-trimmed, and maximum likelihood) were tested …

Risk Factors For Physical Violence Against Partners In The U.S., K. Daniel O'Leary, Nathan L. Tintle, Evelyn Bromet

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Objective: To examine unique and relative predictive values of demographic, social learning, developmental, psychopathology, and dyadic variables as risk factors for perpetration of intimate partner physical aggression in a national sample of married or cohabiting individuals. Method: Men (n = 798) and women (n = 770) were selected from the public use data file of the 2003 National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) which used a multistage cluster sampling design. Results: Eight percent of women and 5% of men reported perpetrating physical aggression in the past year. Based on multivariable regression analyses, among men, the unique risk factors for perpetrating physical …

In Defense Of Defense: A Statistical Look At Roster Construction, Coaching Strategy, And Team Defense In The National Basketball Association, Luke Ronald Peterson

Honors Program Theses

The three major organized sports featured in the United States – baseball, basketball, and football – cover the spectrum of analytic probability. Baseball, with its basic two parts, pitcher and batter, lies at the easy or low end of the analytic spectrum and so it was the first sport to be studied. From early baseball cards first appearing in the 1890s to The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstracts of the 1980s to the SABRmetrics of today, baseball coaches and fans everywhere are adding a page on analytic probability to their playbooks. Football lies at the high or difficult end of …

Statistical Modeling Of The Number Of Deaths Of Children In Bangladesh, Morshed Alam, Manzur R. Farazi, Joseph Stiglitz, Munni Begum

Journal Articles: Biostatistics

Efforts to reduce the number of children’s death in developing countries through health care programs focus more to the prevention and control of diseases than to determining the underlying risk factors/predictors and addressing these through proper interventions. This study aims to identify socioeconomic and demographic predictors of the number of children’s death to women aged 12-49 from the Bangladesh Health and Demographic Survey (BDHS) administered in 2011. The number of children’s death in a family is a non-negative count response variable. The average number of children’s death is found to be 28 per 100 women with a variance of 44per …

La Formazione Degli Insegnanti: Una Necessità Non Più Rinviabile, Anna E. Bargagliotti

Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Modular Network Construction Using Eqtl Data: An Analysis Of Computational Costs And Benefits, Yen Yi Ho, Leslie M. Cope, Giovanni Parmigiani

Faculty Publications

Background: In this paper, we consider analytic methods for the integrated analysis of genomic DNA variation and mRNA expression (also named as eQTL data), to discover genetic networks that are associated with a complex trait of interest. Our focus is the systematic evaluation of the trade-off between network size and network search efficiency in the construction of these networks. Results: We developed a modular approach to network construction, building from smaller networks to larger ones, thereby reducing the search space while including more variables in the analysis. The goal is achieving a lower computational cost while maintaining high confidence in …

Native Insect Herbivory Limits Population Growth Rate Of A Non-Native Thistle, James O. Eckberg, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Svata M. Louda

Brigitte Tenhumberg Papers

The influence of native fauna on non-native plant population growth, size, and distribution is not well documented. Previous studies have shown that native insects associated with tall thistle (Cirsium altissimum) also feed on the leaves, stems, and flower heads of the Eurasian congener Cirsium vulgare, thus limiting individual plant performance. In this study, we tested the effects of insect herbivores on the population growth rate of C. vulgare. We experimentally initiated invasions by adding seeds at four unoccupied grassland sites in eastern Nebraska, USA, and recorded plant establishment, survival, and reproduction. Cumulative foliage and floral herbivory …

Fusarium Head Blight Resistance And Agronomic Performance In Soft Red Winter Wheat Populations, Daniela Sarti Dvorjak

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein.(Petch)], is recognized as one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide. Breeding for FHB resistance must be accompanied by selection for desirable agronomic traits. Donor parents with two FHB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) Fhb1 (chromosome 3BS) and QFhs.nau-2DL (chromosome 2DL) were crossed to four adapted SRW wheat lines to generate backcross and forward cross progeny. F₂ individuals were genotyped and assigned to 4 different groups according to presence/ absence of …

How Many Are Out There? A Novel Approach For Open And Closed Systems, Zia Rehman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

We propose a ratio estimator to determine population estimates using capture-recapture sampling. It's different than traditional approaches in the following ways: (1) Ordering of recaptures: Currently data sets do not take into account the "ordering" of the recaptures, although this crucial information is available to them at no cost. (2) Dependence of trials and cluster sampling: Our model explicitly considers trials to be dependent and improves existing literature which assumes independence. (3) Rate of convergence: The percentage sampled has an inverse relationship with population size, for a chosen degree of accuracy. (4) Asymptotic Attainment of Minimum Variance (Open Systems: (=population …

Measuring Circuit Splits: A Cautionary Note, Aaron-Andrew P. Bruhl

Faculty Publications

A number of researchers have recently published new measures of the Supreme Court’s behavior in resolving conflicts in the lower courts. These new measures represent an improvement over prior, cruder approaches, but it turns out that measuring the Court’s resolutions of conflicts is surprisingly difficult. The aim of this methodological comment is to describe those difficulties and to establish several conclusions that follow from them. First, the new measures of the Court’s behavior are certainly imprecise and may reflect biased samples. Second, using the Supreme Court Database, which some studies rely on to assemble a dataset of cases resolving conflicts, …

Methods For Integrative Analysis Of Genomic Data, Paul Manser

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, the development of new genomic technologies has allowed for the investigation of many regulatory epigenetic marks besides expression levels, on a genome-wide scale. As the price for these technologies continues to decrease, study sizes will not only increase, but several different assays are beginning to be used for the same samples. It is therefore desirable to develop statistical methods to integrate multiple data types that can handle the increased computational burden of incorporating large data sets. Furthermore, it is important to develop sound quality control and normalization methods as technical errors can compound when integrating multiple genomic …

Resampling-Based Multiple Comparisons For Generalized Linear Models, Josephine Sarpong Akosa

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Diverse applications in medical and epidemiological research routinely utilize generalized linear modeling to explain the relationship between the incidence of disease and particular risk factors. Researchers' interest in such models are estimated quantities from the model such as the response probabilities, the relative risks or the odds ratios and not the model itself. Often, the simultaneous estimation of these quantities or a subset of the quantities are warranted. The results are usually reported via confidence intervals at a pre-specified level of significance. Utilizing the usual 95% pointwise confidence intervals for the simultaneous inference inflates the risk of making type I …

A Long- And Short-Run Analysis Of Electricity Demand In Ciudad Juarez, Ericka Cecilia Mendez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Economic growth and appliance saturation are increasing electricity consumption in Mexico. Annual frequency data from 1990 to 2012 are utilized to develop an error correction framework that sheds light on short- and long-run electricity consumption behavior in Ciudad Juarez, a large Mexican metropolitan economy at the border with the United States. The results for this study reveal that electricity is an inelastic normal good in this market. Moreover, natural gas is found to be a weak complement to electricity. With regards to the customer base in this urban economy, population, employment, and income exercise positive and statistically significant impacts on …

Variable Selection For Cox Proportional Hazards Models Via Subtle Uprooting, Chalani S. Wijayasinghe

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Cox proportional hazards model (Cox PH model) is heavily used in survival analysis to assess the importance of various covariates on the survival times of individuals or objects through the hazard function. This study suggests a new variables selection method for Cox PH models, under the title 'Subtle uprooting', that does variable selection and model estimation for Cox proportional hazards (PH) models simultaneously.

There are subset selection methods and shrinkage selection methods suggested in the context of Cox PH model. However the subset selection methods become infeasible in higher dimensions and the available shrinkage methods need tuning of parameters making …

A New Bivariate Distribution With Applications, Sathya Amarasekara

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

We construct a bivariate distribution of (X, Y ) by assuming that the conditional distribution of Y given X is a two-parameter Gamma (s, ν(x)), where the scale parameter depends on X. If X is assumed to be any distribution, then clearly the joint distribution is well defined in all cases. We will study this new distribution by developing all possible properties, moments, shapes and estimation of parameters with a view towards applications of the distribution to data from many random number generation methods.

Applications Of Bayesian Nonparametrics To Reliability And Survival Data, Li Li

Theses and Dissertations

Reliability and survival data are widely encountered across many common settings. Subjects under investigation often include machines, bioassays, patients, etc.; their reliability or survival distribution, and its association with covariate processes, are commonly of interest. Within this dissertation, the first two chapters focus on reliability data where repairable systems fail and get interventions, e.g. repairs in the event process. It begins with a nonparametric test for the commonly assumed ''good as old'' assumption for minimal repair models and then a semi-parametric regression model is introduced for reliability data using Kijima's effective age. The third chapter focuses on survival data observed …

A Bayesian Model Of Fertility Decisions In Relationship To Female Labor Force Participation, Rebecca C. Wardrop

Senior Independent Study Theses

Due to the increasing number of women in the labor force, opportunity costs associated with labor force participation are becoming an important factor in fertility decisions. Further, these decisions are assumed to be dynamic as the opportunity costs change as a woman progresses through her career. A Bayesian statistical model , which allows the distribution of the likelihood of having children to be updated as information is gathered, lends itself to the dynamicity of the decision-making process. A generalized model for fertility decisions in terms of labor force participation is created. I also discuss potentials for implementation and furthering the …

Latent Variable Models Given Incompletely Observed Surrogate Outcomes And Covariates, Chunfeng Ren

Theses and Dissertations

Latent variable models (LVMs) are commonly used in the scenario where the outcome of the main interest is an unobservable measure, associated with multiple observed surrogate outcomes, and affected by potential risk factors. This thesis develops an approach of efficient handling missing surrogate outcomes and covariates in two- and three-level latent variable models. However, corresponding statistical methodologies and computational software are lacking efficiently analyzing the LVMs given surrogate outcomes and covariates subject to missingness in the LVMs. We analyze the two-level LVMs for longitudinal data from the National Growth of Health Study where surrogate outcomes and covariates are subject to …

The Total Picture: Multiple Chemical Exposures To Pregnant Women In The Us – An Nhanes Study Of Data From 2003 Through 2010, Teri Cabana

Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Chemical exposures to US pregnant women have been shown to have adverse health impacts on both mother and fetus. A prior paper revealed that US pregnant women in 2003-2004 had widespread exposure to multiple chemicals. The goal of this research is to examine how environmental chemical exposures to US pregnant women have changed from 2003 to 2010 and to look further at the extent of simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals in US pregnant women using biomonitoring data available through NHANES (the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey). METHODS: Using available NHANES data from the following cycles (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, …

An Exploration Of “Non-Economic” Damages In Civil Jury Awards, Herbert M. Kritzer, Guangya Liu, Neil Vidmar

Faculty Scholarship

Using three primary data sources plus three supplemental sources discussed in an appendix, this paper examines how well non-economic damages could be predicted by economic damages and at how the ratio of non-economic damages to economic damages changed as the magnitude of the economic damages awarded by juries increased. We found a mixture of consistent and inconsistent patterns across our various datasets. One fairly consistent pattern was the tendency for the ratio of non-economic to economic damages to decline as the amount of economic damages increased. Moreover, the variability of the ratio also tended to decline as the amount of …

Mate Choice And The Evolutionary Stability Of A Fixed Threshold In A Sequential Search Strategy, Raymond Cheng, Steven M. Seubert, Daniel D. Wiegmann

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

The sequential search strategy is a prominent model of searcher behavior, derived as a rule by which females might sample and choose a mate from a distribution of prospective partners. The strategy involves a threshold criterion against which prospective mates are evaluated. The optimal threshold depends on the attributes of prospective mates, which are likely to vary across generations or within the lifetime of searchers due to stochastic environmental events. The extent of this variability and the cost to acquire information on the distribution of the quality of prospective mates determine whether a learned or environmentally canalized threshold is likely …

Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Charts For Monitoring The Process Generalized Variance, Anna Khamitova

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The exponentially weighted moving average chart based on the sample generalized variance is studied under the independent multivariate normal model for the vector of quality measurements. The performance of the chart is based on an analysis of the chart's initial and steady-state run length distributions. The three methods that are commonly used to determinate run length distribution, simulation, the integral equation method, and the Markov chain approximation are discussed. The integral equation and Markov chain approaches are analytical methods that require a nu- merical method for determining the probability density and cumulative distribution functions describing the distribution of the sample …

Causality Is Logically Definable-Toward An Equilibrium-Based Computing Paradigm Of Quantum Agents And Quantum Intelligence (Qaqi), Wen-Ran Zhang, Karl E. Peace

Biostatistics: Faculty Publications

A survey on agents, causality and intelligence is presented and an equilibrium-based computing paradigm of quantum agents and quantum intelligence (QAQI) is proposed. In the survey, Aristotle’s causality principle and its historical extensions by David Hume, Bertrand Russell, Lotfi Zadeh, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, David Bohm, and the causal set initiative are reviewed; bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) is introduced as a causal logic for bipolar inductive and deductive reasoning; bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) is introduced as a causal algebra for quantum agent interaction and formation. Despite the widely held view that causality is undefinable with …

Comparing K Population Means With No Assumption About The Variances, Tony Yaacoub

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In the analysis of most statistically designed experiments, it is common to assume equal variances along with the assumptions that the sample measurements are independent and normally distributed. Under these three assumptions, a likelihood ratio test is used to test for the difference in population means. Typically, the assumption of independence can be justified based on the sampling method used by the researcher. The likelihood ratio test is robust to the assumption of normality. However, the equality of variances is often difficult to justify. It has been found that the assumption of equal variances cannot be made even after transforming …

Assessment Of Contributing Factors To The Reduction Of Diarrhea In Rural Communities Of Para, Brazil, Lee Voth-Gaeddert

Masters Theses

"In developing communities the occurrence of diarrhea has been reported at elevated levels as compared to those communities in more developed regions. Diarrheal diseases were linked to over one million deaths in 2012 throughout the world. While multiple pathways are present for the transmission of diarrheal diseases, water has been the focus for many aid organizations. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment methods are a common tool used by aid organizations in efforts to provide potable water. The CAWST biosand filter is a POU tool that has shown removal effectiveness of pathogenic microorganisms ranging from 90-99%. However, minimal literature was found that …

Modelling And Analysis On Noisy Financial Time Series, Jinsong Leng

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Building the prediction model(s) from the historical time series has attracted many researchers in last few decades. For example, the traders of hedge funds and experts in agriculture are demanding the precise models to make the prediction of the possible trends and cycles. Even though many statistical or machine learning (ML) models have been proposed, however, there are no universal solutions available to resolve such particular prob-lem. In this paper, the powerful forward-backward non-linear filter and wavelet-based denoising method are introduced to remove the high level of noise embedded in financial time series. With the filtered time series, the statistical …

Hierarchical Graphical Bayesian Models In Psychology, Guillermo Campitelli, Guillermo Macbeth

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The improvement of graphical methods in psychological research can promote their use and a better comprehension of their expressive power. The application of hierarchical Bayesian graphical models has recently become more frequent in psychological research. The aim of this contribution is to introduce suggestions for the improvement of hierarchical Bayesian graphical models in psychology. This novel set of suggestions stems from the description and comparison between two main approaches concerned with the use of plate notation and distribution pictograms. It is concluded that the combination of relevant aspects of both models might improve the use of powerful hierarchical Bayesian graphical …

A Monte Carlo Study: The Consequences Of The Misspecification Of The Level-1 Error Structure, Merlande Petit-Bois

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Single-case interventions allow for the repeated measurement of a case or participant across multiple time points, to assess the treatment¡͞s effect on one specific case or participant. The basic interrupted time series design includes two phases: baseline and treatment. Raudenbush and Byrk (2002) demonstrated that a meta-analysis of large group designs can be seen as a special case of multi-level analysis with participants (level-one) nested within studies (level-two). Raw data from a set of single case design studies have a similar structure. Van den Noortgate and Onghena (2003) illustrated the use of a two-level model to analyze data in primary …

Primary Care-Based Educational Interventions To Decrease Risk Factors For Metabolic Syndrome For Adults With Major Psychotic And/Or Affective Disorders: A Systematic Review, Cynthia Nover, Sarah S. Jackson

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Individuals with major psychotic and/or affective disorders are at increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome due to lifestyle- and treatment-related factors. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been tested in inpatient and outpatient mental health settings to decrease these risk factors. This review focuses on primary care-based non-pharmacological (educational or behavioral) interventions to decrease metabolic syndrome risk factors in adults with major psychotic and/or affective disorders.

Methods

The authors conducted database searches of PsychINFO, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches and gray literature searches to identify included studies.

Results

The authors were …

Efficient And Long-Time Accurate Second-Order Methods For The Stokes-Darcy System, Wenbin Chen, Max Gunzburger, Dong Sun, Xiaoming Wan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We propose and study two second order in time implicit-explicit methods for the coupled Stokes-Darcy system that governs flows in karst aquifers and other subsurface flow systems. the first method is a combination of a second-order backward differentiation formula and the second order Gear's extrapolation approach. the second is a combination of the second-order Adams-Moulton and second-order Adams-Bashforth methods. Both algorithms only require the solution of decoupled Stokes and Darcy problems at each time-step. Hence, these schemes are very efficient and can be easily implemented using legacy codes. We establish the unconditional and uniform in time stability for both schemes. …