Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Extreme Self-Adjoint Extensions Of A Semibounded Q-Difference Operator, Miron B. Bekker, Martin Bohner, Hristo Voulov

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

For a certain q-difference operator introduced and studied in a series of articles by the same authors, we investigate its extreme self-adjoint extensions, i.e., the so-called Friedrichs and Kreǐn extensions. We show that for the interval of parameters under consideration, the Friedrichs extension and the Kreǐn extension are distinct and give values of the parameter in the von Neumann formulas that correspond to those extensions and describe their resolvent operators. A crucial role in our investigation plays the fact that both the Friedrichs and the Kreǐn extensions are scale invariant. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Simulating Influenza Transmission With Network Data, Henry V. Bongiovi

Statistics

Simulating Influenza Transmission with Real Network Data

Henry Bongiovi BS Statistics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

[email protected]

Keywords: Network Data, Simulation, Education, Influenza, Epidemic

Disease has been humanities arch rival since the dawn of our existence. As such, we have been trying our best to understand its spread and proliferation. One of the most common diseases, Influenza, is also one of the most complex. To understand the complexities of its spread would greatly improve our ability to combat it and other diseases like it. Using R in conjunction with the package statnet, I have created a simulation of …

Gwas Identifies An Nat2 Acetylator Status Tag Single Nucleotide Polymorphism To Be A Major Locus For Skin Fluorescence, Karen M. Eny, Helen L. Lutgers, John Maynard, Barbara E.K. Klein, Kristine E. Lee, Patricia A. Cleary, +20 Additional Authors

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Aims/hypothesis

Skin fluorescence (SF) is a non-invasive marker of AGEs and is associated with the long-term complications of diabetes. SF increases with age and is also greater among individuals with diabetes. A familial correlation of SF suggests that genetics may play a role. We therefore performed parallel genome-wide association studies of SF in two cohorts.

Methods

Cohort 1 included 1,082 participants, 35–67 years of age with type 1 diabetes. Cohort 2 included 8,721 participants without diabetes, aged 18–90 years.

Results

rs1495741 was significantly associated with SF in Cohort 1 (p < 6 × 10−10), which is known to tag theNAT2 acetylator phenotype. The fast acetylator genotype was associated …

Abcc9 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Hippocampal Sclerosis Of Aging Pathology, Peter T. Nelson, Steven Estus, Erin L. Abner, Ishita Parikh, Manasi Malik, Janna H. Neltner, Eseosa Ighodaro, Wang-Xia Wang, Bernard R. Wilfred, Li-San Wang, Walter A. Kukull, Kannabiran Nandakumar, Mark L. Farman, Wayne W. Poon, Maria M. Corrada, Claudia H. Kawas, David H. Cribbs, David A. Bennett, Julie A. Schneider, Eric B. Larson, Paul K. Crane, Otto Valladares, Frederick A. Schmitt, Richard J. Kryscio, Gregory A. Jicha, Charles D. Smith, Stephen W. Scheff, Joshua A. Sonnen, Jonathan L. Haines, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Richard Mayeux, Lindsay A. Farrer, Linda J. Van Eldik, Craig Horbinski, Robert C. Green, Marla Gearing, Leonard W. Poon, Patricia L. Kramer, Randall L. Woltjer, Thomas J. Montine, Amanda B. Partch, Alexander J. Rajic, Katierose Richmire, Sarah E. Monsell, Gerard D. Schellenberg, David W. Fardo

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-Aging) is a high-morbidity brain disease in the elderly but risk factors are largely unknown. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) with HS-Aging pathology as an endophenotype. In collaboration with the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, data were analyzed from large autopsy cohorts: (#1) National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC); (#2) Rush University Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project; (#3) Group Health Research Institute Adult Changes in Thought study; (#4) University of California at Irvine 90+ Study; and (#5) University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center. Altogether, 363 HS-Aging cases and 2,303 controls, all pathologically …

Rapid Door-To-Balloon Time (≤ 30 Minutes) In The Treatment Of Acute St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Stemi) Is Associated With Reduced Length Of Hospital Stay And Improved Clinical Outcomes, Yassir Nawaz Md, Ataul Qureshi Md, Navin K. Subrayappa Md, Orlando E. Rivera Rn, Bruce Feldman Do, Nainesh C. Patel Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Understanding Non-Emergent Pediatric Ed Visits: Using Hospital And Family Centric Data To Inform System Redesign, Deborah Swavely Dnp, Rn, Kathy Baker Mph, Rn, Krista L. Bilger Bsn, Rn, David Zimmerman Mph, Andrew Martin Msn, Rn

Department of Community Health and Health Studies

No abstract provided.

The Inferred Cardiogenic Gene Regulatory Network In The Mammalian Heart, Jason Bazil, Karl D. Stamm, Xing Li, Raghuram Thiagarajan, Timonthy J. Nelson, Aoy Tomita-Mitchell, Daniel A. Beard

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Cardiac development is a complex, multiscale process encompassing cell fate adoption, differentiation and morphogenesis. To elucidate pathways underlying this process, a recently developed algorithm to reverse engineer gene regulatory networks was applied to time-course microarray data obtained from the developing mouse heart. Approximately 200 genes of interest were input into the algorithm to generate putative network topologies that are capable of explaining the experimental data via model simulation. To cull specious network interactions, thousands of putative networks are merged and filtered to generate scale-free, hierarchical networks that are statistically significant and biologically relevant. The networks are validated with known gene …

Counting Independent Sets Of A Fixed Size In Graphs With Given Minimum Degree, John Engbers, David Galvin

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Galvin showed that for all fixed δ and sufficiently large n, the n-vertex graph with minimum degree δ that admits the most independent sets is the complete bipartite graph . He conjectured that except perhaps for some small values of t, the same graph yields the maximum count of independent sets of size t for each possible t. Evidence for this conjecture was recently provided by Alexander, Cutler, and Mink, who showed that for all triples with , no n-vertex bipartite graph with minimum degree δ admits more independent sets of size t than . …

Beta Burr Xii Or Five Parameter Beta Lomax Distribution: Remarks And Characterizations, Z. Javanshiri, Mehdi Maadooliat

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

The distributions taken up in two recently published papers are compared and certain characterizations of them are presented. These characterizations are based on: (i) a simple relationship between two truncated moments; (ii) truncated moments of certain functions of the nth order statistic; (iii) truncated moments of certain functions of the random variable.

Measurement Error In The Afqt In The Nlsy79, Lynne Steuerle Schofield

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Works

Many promising efforts in the social sciences aim to measure future outcomes (such as wages or health outcomes) given some base level of human capital or ability. They typically fail to recognize the proxies for human capital are all measured with error, creating bias in regression analysis. Here I show how item level data offers the opportunity to improve a broad range of economic, social and psychometric studies, an opportunity now enhanced significantly by the new release of item response level data for the Armed Forces Qualifying Test in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. …

Self-Reported Head Injury And Risk Of Late-Life Impairment And Ad Pathology In An Ad Center Cohort, Erin L. Abner, Peter T. Nelson, Frederick A. Schmitt, Steven R. Browning, David W. Fardo, Lijie Wan, Gregory A. Jicha, Gregory E. Cooper, Charles D. Smith, Allison M. Caban-Holt, Linda J. Van Eldik, Richard J. Kryscio

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between self-reported head injury and cognitive impairment, dementia, mortality, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type pathological changes. Methods: Clinical and neuropathological data from participants enrolled in a longitudinal study of aging and cognition (n = 649) were analyzed to assess the chronic effects of self-reported head injury. Results: The effect of self-reported head injury on the clinical state depended on the age at assessment: for a 1-year increase in age, the OR for the transition to clinical mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at the next visit for participants with a history of head injury was 1.21 and 1.34 …

A New Adjustment Of Laplace Transform For Fractional Bloch Equation In Nmr Flow, Sunil Kumar, Devendra Kumar, U. S. Mahabaleshwar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This work purpose suggest a new analytical technique called the fractional homotopy analysis transform method (FHATM) for solving time fractional Bloch NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) flow equations, which are a set of macroscopic equations that are used for modeling nuclear magnetization as a function of time. The true beauty of this article is the coupling of the homotopy analysis method and the Laplace transform method for systems of fractional differential equations. The solutions obtained by the proposed method indicate that the approach is easy to implement and computationally very attractive.

Regularized Multivariate Regression Models With Skew-T Error Distributions, Lianfu Chen, Mohsen Pourahmadi, Mehdi Maadooliat

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

We consider regularization of the parameters in multivariate linear regression models with the errors having a multivariate skew-t distribution. An iterative penalized likelihood procedure is proposed for constructing sparse estimators of both the regression coefficient and inverse scale matrices simultaneously. The sparsity is introduced through penalizing the negative log-likelihood by adding L₁-penalties on the entries of the two matrices. Taking advantage of the hierarchical representation of skew-t distributions, and using the expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm, we reduce the problem to penalized normal likelihood and develop a procedure to minimize the ensuing objective function. Using a …

A Characterization Of Skew Normal Distribution By Truncated Moment, M. Shakil, M. M. Ahsanullah, B. M. Golam Kibria

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

A probability distribution can be characterized through various methods. This paper discusses a new characterization of skew normal distribution by truncated moment. It is hoped that the findings of the paper will be useful for researchers in different fields of applied sciences

Stochastic Modeling Of A Concrete Mixture Plant With Preventive Maintenance, Ashish Kumar, Monika Saini, S. C. Malik

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, a stochastic model for concrete mixture plant with Preventive Maintenance (PM) is analyzed in detail by using a supplementary variable technique. In a concrete mixture plant eight subsystems are arranged in a series. The system goes under PM after a maximum operation time and work as new after PM. The time to failure of each subsystem follows a negative exponential distribution while PM and repair time distributions are taken as arbitrary. A sufficient repair facility is provided to the system for conducting PM and repair of the system. Repair, maintenance and switch devices are perfect. All random …

Acceptance Sampling Plans For Percentiles Based On The Exponentiated Half Logistic Distribution, G. S. Rao, Ch. R. Naidu

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this article, acceptance sampling plans are developed for the exponentiated half logistic distribution percentiles when the life test is truncated at a pre-specified time. The minimum sample size necessary to ensure the specified life percentile is obtained under a given customer’s risk. The operating characteristic values (and curves) of the sampling plans as well as the producer’s risk are presented. Two examples with real data sets are also given as illustration.

A Ranking Method Based On Common Weights And Benchmark Point, Ali Payan, Abbas A. Noora, Farhad H. Lotfi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The highest efficiency score 1 (100% efficiency) is regarded as a common benchmark for Decision Making Units (DMUs). This brings about the existence of more than one DMU with the highest score. Such a case normally occurs in all Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models and also in all the Common Set of Weights (CSWs) methods and it may lead to the lack of thorough ranking of DMUs. And ideal DMU based on its specific structure is a unit that no unit would do better than. Therefore, it can be utilized as a benchmark for other units. We are going to …

The Effect Of Shortening Door To Balloon Time (<90 Minutes) In Stemi Patients Transferred From Outside Hospitals, Ataul Qureshi Md, Yassir Nawaz Md, Navin K. Subrayappa Md, Orlando E. Rivera Rn, Nainesh C. Patel Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

A Proof Of Concept For Crowdsourcing Color Perception Experiments, Ryan Nathaniel Mcleod

Master's Theses

Accurately quantifying the human perception of color is an unsolved prob- lem. There are dozens of numerical systems for quantifying colors and how we as humans perceive them, but as a whole, they are far from perfect. The ability to accurately measure color for reproduction and verification is critical to indus- tries that work with textiles, paints, food and beverages, displays, and media compression algorithms. Because the science of color deals with the body, mind, and the subjective study of perception, building models of color requires largely empirical data over pure analytical science. Much of this data is extremely dated, …

An Eigenvector-Based Test For Local Stationarity Applied To Array Processing, Jorge Quijano, Lisa M. Zurk

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In sonar array processing, a challenging problem is the estimation of the data covariance matrix in the presence of moving targets in the water column, since the time interval of data local stationarity is limited. This work describes an eigenvector-based method for proper data segmentation into intervals that exhibit local stationarity, providing data-driven higher bounds for the number of snapshots available for computation of time-varying sample covariance matrices. Application of the test is illustrated with simulated data in a horizontal array for the detection of a quiet source in the presence of a loud interferer.

Partially-Latent Class Models (Plcm) For Case-Control Studies Of Childhood Pneumonia Etiology, Zhenke Wu, Maria Deloria-Knoll, Laura L. Hammitt, Scott L. Zeger

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

In population studies on the etiology of disease, one goal is the estimation of the fraction of cases attributable to each of several causes. For example, pneumonia is a clinical diagnosis of lung infection that may be caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, or other pathogens. The study of pneumonia etiology is challenging because directly sampling from the lung to identify the etiologic pathogen is not standard clinical practice in most settings. Instead, measurements from multiple peripheral specimens are made. This paper considers the problem of estimating the population etiology distribution and the individual etiology probabilities. We formulate the scientific …

Statistical Analysis, Modeling, And Algorithms For Pharmaceutical And Cancer Systems, Bong-Jin Choi

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The aim of the present study is to develop a statistical algorithm and model associ- ated with breast and lung cancer patients. In this study, we developed several statistical softwares, R packages, and models using our new statistical approach.

In the present study, we used the five parameters logistic model for determining the optimal doses of a pharmaceutical drugs, including dynamic initial points, an automatic process for outlier detection and an algorithm that develops a graphic user interface(GUI) program. The developed statistical procedure assists medical scientists by reducing their time in determining the optimal dose of new drugs, and can …

Deductive Derivation And Computerization Of Compatible Semiparametric Efficient Estimation, Constantine E. Frangakis, Tianchen Qian, Zhenke Wu, Ivan Diaz

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Researchers often seek robust inference for a parameter through semiparametric estimation. Efficient semiparametric estimation currently requires theoretical derivation of the efficient influence function (EIF), which can be a challenging and time-consuming task. If this task can be computerized, it can save dramatic human effort, which can be transferred, for example, to the design of new studies. Although the EIF is, in principle, a derivative, simple numerical differentiation to calculate the EIF by a computer masks the EIF's functional dependence on the parameter of interest. For this reason, the standard approach to obtaining the EIF has been the theoretical construction of …

Musical Missteps: The Severity Of The Sophomore Slump In The Music Industry, Shane M. Zackery

Scripps Senior Theses

This study looks at alternative models of follow-up album success in order to determine if there is a relationship between the decrease in Metascore ratings (assigned by Metacritic.com) between the first and second album for a musician or band and the 1) music genre or 2) the number of years between the first and second album release. The results support the dominant thought, which suggests that neither belonging to a certain genre of music nor waiting more or less time to drop the second album makes an artist more susceptible to the Sophomore Slump. This finding is important because it …

Dose Expansion Cohorts In Phase I Trials, Alexia Iasonos, John O'Quigley

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dept. of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Working Paper Series

A rapidly increasing number of Phase I dose-finding studies, and in particular those based on the standard 3+3 design, frequently prolong the study and include dose expansion cohorts (DEC) with the goal to better characterize the toxicity profiles of experimental agents and to study disease specific cohorts. These trials consist of two phases: the usual dose escalation phase that aims to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose expansion phase that accrues additional patients, often with different eligibility criteria, and where additional information is being collected. Current protocols typically do not specify whether the MTD will be updated …

Variable Selection For Zero-Inflated And Overdispersed Data With Application To Health Care Demand In Germany, Zhu Wang, Shuangge Ma, Ching-Yun Wang

COBRA Preprint Series

In health services and outcome research, count outcomes are frequently encountered and often have a large proportion of zeros. The zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model has important applications for this type of data. With many possible candidate risk factors, this paper proposes new variable selection methods for the ZINB model. We consider maximum likelihood function plus a penalty including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) and minimax concave penalty (MCP). An EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm is proposed for estimating the model parameters and conducting variable selection simultaneously. This algorithm consists of estimating penalized …

Targeted Covariate-Adjusted Response-Adaptive Lasso-Based Randomized Controlled Trials, Antoine Chambaz, Wenjing Zheng, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

We present a new covariate-adjusted response-adaptive randomized controlled trial design and inferential procedure built on top of it. The procedure is targeted in the sense that (i) the sequence of randomization schemes is group-sequentially determined by targeting a user-specified optimal randomization design based on accruing data and, (ii) our estimator of the user-specified parameter of interest, seen as the value of a functional evaluated at the true, unknown distribution of the data, is targeted toward it by following the paradigm of targeted minimum loss estimation. We focus for clarity on the case that the parameter of interest is the marginal …

Variable-Domain Functional Regression For Modeling Icu Data, Jonathan E. Gellar, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Dale M. Needham, Ciprian M. Crainiceanu

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

We introduce a class of scalar-on-function regression models with subject-specific functional predictor domains. The fundamental idea is to consider a bivariate functional parameter that depends both on the functional argument and on the width of the functional predictor domain. Both parametric and nonparametric models are introduced to fit the functional coefficient. The nonparametric model is theoretically and practically invariant to functional support transformation, or support registration. Methods were motivated by and applied to a study of association between daily measures of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and two outcomes: in-hospital mortality, and physical impairment …

Ranking World Class Chess Players Using Only Results From Head-To-Head Games, Sterling Swygert

Senior Theses

This honors thesis explores a method of ranking the world’s top ten chess grand- masters using only the outcomes of games containing only players in that very set. This method allows for players in a single era to be quickly ranked via algorithmic and numerical means, including very specific information, from a statistical stand- point. Furthermore, unlike the rating systems that are commonly used, the Elo and the Glicko systems, this method is Classicist in its statistical approach, rather than Bayesian. Finally, this ranking method also differs from others as it limits the infor- mation to games between the individuals …

Sieve Plateau Variance Estimators: A New Approach To Confidence Interval Estimation For Dependent Data, Molly M. Davies, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Suppose we have a data set of n-observations where the extent of dependence between them is poorly understood. We assume we have an estimator that is squareroot-consistent for a particular estimand, and the dependence structure is weak enough so that the standardized estimator is asymptotically normally distributed. Our goal is to estimate the asymptotic variance of the standardized estimator so that we can construct a Wald-type confidence interval for the estimate. In this paper we present an approach that allows us to learn this asymptotic variance from a sequence of influence function based candidate variance estimators. We focus on time …