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Articles 9721 - 9750 of 11626

Full-Text Articles in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Elevator Traffic Pattern Recognition With Fcm Clustering Based Fuzzy Neural Network, Zhenshan Yang, Wenjiao Yue Jan 2019

Elevator Traffic Pattern Recognition With Fcm Clustering Based Fuzzy Neural Network, Zhenshan Yang, Wenjiao Yue

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Elevator traffic demand pattern recognition is the prerequisite for effectively implementing the strategies of elevator group control system. In view of the characteristics of time-varying, nonlinear and uncertainty of elevator traffic demand, an elevator traffic pattern recognition method with FCM (Fuzzy C-means) clustering based fuzzy neural network is presented. The method introduces the fuzzy logic into the calculation and learning of BP neural network, and employs FCM clustering algorithm to cluster the original traffic demand to realize the fuzzy partition of the input space of fuzzy system to determine the initial value of network membership function and clustering center …

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Application Of Multiple-Stepwise And Kalman Filtering In Haze Forecast, Yunhao Xian, Hengde Zhang, Yonghua Xie, Le Yang Jan 2019

Application Of Multiple-Stepwise And Kalman Filtering In Haze Forecast, Yunhao Xian, Hengde Zhang, Yonghua Xie, Le Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the importance of objective haze forecast and the low accuracy rate of haze forecast, a new haze objective forecast correction method based on the multiple stepwise regression algorithms and the Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed. The multiple stepwise regression method is used to control the physical factor of the dependent variable, and the visibility forecast equation is established. The Kalman filtering method is adopted to correct the regression coefficient in multivariate stepwise regression algorithm according to the actual data, and the haze objective forecast correction model is established. The experiments are carried out in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing and …

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Finite Element Analysis Of Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection For Transverse Cracks Of Sucker Rod, Zhang Ou, Xueye Wei, Wang Pei, Shuxin Yan Jan 2019

Finite Element Analysis Of Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection For Transverse Cracks Of Sucker Rod, Zhang Ou, Xueye Wei, Wang Pei, Shuxin Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The modeling and testing technology of the surface transverse cracks of complex defecting for sucker rod were studied, and a finite element simulation model of rod transverse defects was built. The magnetic flux leakage testing simulation was carried out by using ANSYS software, and the changing trend between the lift-off value and the leakage magnetic field was obtained. Two kinds of different magnetization modes of single coil and double coils were analyzed, and the result showed that the double coils magnetization is superior to single coil magnetization. The two dimensional and three dimensional magnetic flux leakage testing …

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Counterforce Characteristics Of Shrapnel In Magnetic Latching Relay Based On Abaqus, Xiuping Su, Jiaying Dong, Yanhua Qiao, Huang Min Jan 2019

Counterforce Characteristics Of Shrapnel In Magnetic Latching Relay Based On Abaqus, Xiuping Su, Jiaying Dong, Yanhua Qiao, Huang Min

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A 3D model of contact system in magnetic latching relay was established by the software Pro/E, and the shrapnel deformation by force was analyzed in the contact system using finite element analysis software Abaqus. The advantages of Abaqus software in the multibody system simulation were analyzed and summarized, a modeling and simulation approach to contact multibody system in magnetic latching relay based on Abaqus was proposed. The selection of element type, technology of mesh division, definition of boundary condition, and establishment of finite element model were studied. The non-convergence problems were solved in the simulation analysis by adding binding …

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Optimal Operation Of Grid-Connected Microgrid Based On Abc Algorithm, Qiuli Cui Jan 2019

Optimal Operation Of Grid-Connected Microgrid Based On Abc Algorithm, Qiuli Cui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An optimal scheduling model of grid-connected microgrid composed of wind power generators, photovoltaic cells, fuel cells and batteries is established. The economy and environmental protection elements are considered in this model. To maximize the role of peak shaving and valley filling in microgrid system, based on the time-of-use price mechanism, the heuristic rules combined with peak shaving and valley filling is used to design a grid-connected energy scheduling strategy. By monitoring the net load state and the price time interval, and adjusting the particular state of the micro source of power, the system optimal energy scheduling state is obtained. …

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Power Control Algorithm Based On Non-Cooperative Game Theory Of Wbans, Xu Yong, Mengya Ke, Fen Liu, Qianming Zha Jan 2019

Power Control Algorithm Based On Non-Cooperative Game Theory Of Wbans, Xu Yong, Mengya Ke, Fen Liu, Qianming Zha

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A non-cooperative self-adaptive power control algorithm is proposed based on the model of TDMA wireless body area networks (WBANs) interference. The algorithm is put forward using payoff function and cost function as utility functions.The transmitting power vector is obtained by the optimal response strategy update. It is proved that the network can reach Nash Equilibrium with the transmitting power vector, and in this situation all the users’ utility function is maximized. The Matlab is applied to simulation process of the algorithm, during which simulation has been carried out with different parameters. Compared with …

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Aerodynamic Noise Generating Mechanism Of Corbula Type Throttle Valves, Yueqin Li, Xiao Fei, Fan Ming, Xiaodong Xu Jan 2019

Aerodynamic Noise Generating Mechanism Of Corbula Type Throttle Valves, Yueqin Li, Xiao Fei, Fan Ming, Xiaodong Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The throttle mechanism of pneumatic noise and the noise spectrum characteristics of corbula type throttle valve are studied by targeting on aerodynamic noise problems caused by gas when flowing through the corbula type throttle valve, the method of CFD software with acoustic software simulationis used as well. The studies have showed that when the flow of fluid flows through shrink section, it can be effected by throttling effect, the speed of gas on the hole exit increases rapidly to form under-expanded supersonic jet, causing strong turbulence and shock wave noise. The conclusionis that the construction of throttling …

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Research On Network Public Opinion Simulation From Interdisciplinary Perspective, Lingnan He, Kaisheng Lai, Zhongxuan Lin, Xiling Xiong Jan 2019

Research On Network Public Opinion Simulation From Interdisciplinary Perspective, Lingnan He, Kaisheng Lai, Zhongxuan Lin, Xiling Xiong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The simulation of network public opinion shows a trend of interdisciplinary development. On the one hand, the method of data analysis in network public opinion belongs to natural science; on the other hand, participants are social people and have strong social scientific attributes. However, at present, most of the simulation models come from the natural science fields such as system dynamics, Markov model, small-world theory and SIS model, etc. This paper introduces the big five personality of psychology, media literacy of communication, opinion leaders and diffusion of innovation theory, taking the psychological modeling in the dissemination of the main …

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Dynamic Data Modeling Driven Model For Forest Fire Spread Based On Devs, Guoxiong Zhou, Kejia Yin, Aibin Chen Jan 2019

Dynamic Data Modeling Driven Model For Forest Fire Spread Based On Devs, Guoxiong Zhou, Kejia Yin, Aibin Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the characteristics of fire behavior with strong sudden, disposal of difficult rescue, and heavy destructiveness, combining dynamic data system and discrete event system specification model, a dynamic data driven forest fire spread model is put forward based on devs modeling. The dynamic data system needs to be realized through the interaction between the computer software and the data characteristics of each environment, which is characterized by flexible data and real data. DEVS supports object-oriented modeling, and can make the modeling and simulation of the system modular, hierarchical and formal. The model is set up according to the …

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Study On Evacuation Modeling Of Airport Based On Social Force Model, Shaobo Zhong, Zhichen Yu, Yongsheng Yang, Sun Chao, Quanyi Huang Jan 2019

Study On Evacuation Modeling Of Airport Based On Social Force Model, Shaobo Zhong, Zhichen Yu, Yongsheng Yang, Sun Chao, Quanyi Huang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Public safety events frequently occurred in China and caused great casualty and property loss. Inefficient evacuation is one of the major causes of casualties in emergencies. Taking the T3-E of the Beijing Capital International Airport as a study area, the influence of four factors of evacuation guidance, customs barriers, the airport seats, and construction columns studies is studied through social force model-based simulation. The results show that: four factors have local effects on evacuation respectively. Evacuation guidance has the most significant positive effect while others have a little significant negative effect. Moreover, the relationships between the maximal and optimal …

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Application Of Compound Control For Flight Simulator With Eid Estimator, Ren Yan, Guanhua Zhao, Wenbo Tan, Xiaodong Liu Jan 2019

Application Of Compound Control For Flight Simulator With Eid Estimator, Ren Yan, Guanhua Zhao, Wenbo Tan, Xiaodong Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of the problem that the interference and nonlinear friction sensitively effect on flight simulators, an improved approximation differential compound control strategy with Equivalent Input Disturbance (EID) estimator is presented. Moreover, the setting conditions based on given parameters was proposed. In the presented strategy, the EID estimator can compensate the equivalent input disturbance of the system. Furthermore, owing to the construction of the digital feedforward via the improved differentiator, the improved approximation differentiator is able to acquire accurately the velocity and the acceleration of the signal, and has an ability to inhibit the partial noise by use of …

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Visual Simulation Of Aircraft Approach And Landing System Based On Beidou, Ruihua Liu, Cao Hui Jan 2019

Visual Simulation Of Aircraft Approach And Landing System Based On Beidou, Ruihua Liu, Cao Hui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to analyze the navigation performance of Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) based on Beidou satellite navigation system (BDS) in approach and landing phase, segments of ground, airborne and space were simulated as GBAS. The broadcast ephemeris data was processed by MATLAB to simulate the BDS constellation and the orbit operation. Based on the minimum operational standards for GBAS released by RTCA, the data model of ground segment and airborne segment were established, and the enhancement algorithm was simulated to analyze the positioning error and navigation performance of BDS. Simulink kinematic and control models were developed to simulate the …

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Research On Sensorless Control Method Based On Improved Kalman Filter Of Sliding Mode Observer, Haigang Zhang, Yuanyuan Nie, Zhang Lei, Bulai Wang, Yinzhong Ye, Wan Heng Jan 2019

Research On Sensorless Control Method Based On Improved Kalman Filter Of Sliding Mode Observer, Haigang Zhang, Yuanyuan Nie, Zhang Lei, Bulai Wang, Yinzhong Ye, Wan Heng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at problems of high frequency ripple component existed in PMSM parameter error caused by the sliding mode observer (SMO) estimation error and counter electromotive force, the stable condition of the speed sensorless control system of permanent magnet motor is weakened. The Kalman filter is introduced to eliminate the high frequency ripple in the front of the sliding mode observer. The control system of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has better steady-state effect and dynamic response. A Matlab platform has been built to validate this method, the experimental results show that the improved sliding mode observer is strong …

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Multiple Objective Planning Of Distribution Network With Multiple Distributed Generations, Pan Huan, Xu Chen, Yang Li Jan 2019

Multiple Objective Planning Of Distribution Network With Multiple Distributed Generations, Pan Huan, Xu Chen, Yang Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The types of distribution network with Distributed generations (DG), the location and capacity will impact on power grid operation and strict, such as unreasonable planning, the normal operation of the power grid have negative effects. Based on this, the main purpose of this paper is to study when the new DG of distribution network access how to reasonable siting and sizing, specific arrangements are. To a real distribution system with a region as an example, the node were evaluated to determine candidate DG installation node, corresponding mathematical optimization model is established, in distribution power purchasing cost, DG operation and …

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Research On Mode Shape Characteristics Simulation Of Bell-Shaped Vibratory Angular Rate Gyro, Liu Ning, Su Zhong Jan 2019

Research On Mode Shape Characteristics Simulation Of Bell-Shaped Vibratory Angular Rate Gyro, Liu Ning, Su Zhong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: It presents the analysis method of metal shell vibratory gyro’s mode shape for simulation research on Bell-shaped vibratory angular rate gyro, and gives the solution process and result of simulation analysis. Based on the Kirchhoff-Love assuming, by numerical methods to solve mode shape functions of bell-shaped resonator, the low-order modes of bell-shaped resonator is given through comprehensive analysis and finite element simulation results. The mode shaped characteristics of bell-shaped resonator is analyzed effectively through this method. Theory and simulation methods verify the correctness of the theory and promote modal, and lay the bell-shaped vibratory angular rate gyro …

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Key Points Analysis And Simulation For Sea Surface Velocity Estimation Based On Spaceborne Ati-Sar System, Yan He, Daiyin Zhu Jan 2019

Key Points Analysis And Simulation For Sea Surface Velocity Estimation Based On Spaceborne Ati-Sar System, Yan He, Daiyin Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: ATI (Along Track Interferometric) technique is one of the most important applications for spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) systems. ATI-SAR systems can directly detect the Doppler offset associated with each pixel of a SAR image. This is achieved by interferometric combination of two complex SAR images of the same scene. The sea surface velocity can be estimated via the calculated interferometric phase. The baseline length, velocity resolution and velocity estimation error are three important factors in the process of spaceborne ATI-SAR system design, and these three points are carefully investigated here. The basic principle and expression of spaceborne ATI-SAR …

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Economic Design Of Vsi Arma Charts, Zhang Li, Xiaoyang Dong Jan 2019

Economic Design Of Vsi Arma Charts, Zhang Li, Xiaoyang Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To improve the sensitivity of statistical process control reducing costs for process monitoring at the same time, the economic design of autoregressive moving average control chart with variable sampling interval (VSI ARMA) was discussed. The economic model of autoregressive moving average control chart with variable sampling interval (VSI ARMA) was established based on Lorenzen and Vance’s model, in which Markov chain was used to calculate the average time to signal (ATS) through constructing a three dimensional random vector. Using genetic algorithm to search for the optimal combination of seven parameters of VSI ARMA model made the cost of …

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Electromagnetic Property Of Axial Piston Pump/Motor Magnetic Slipper Pair, Haishun Deng, Xu Pan, Huang Ran, Yuefei Deng, Dai Peng Jan 2019

Electromagnetic Property Of Axial Piston Pump/Motor Magnetic Slipper Pair, Haishun Deng, Xu Pan, Huang Ran, Yuefei Deng, Dai Peng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to control the oil film for the slipper pair more conveniently and flexibly, the magnetic slipper pair is proposed which maintains balance by hydraulic pressure and electromagnetic force, and its mathematical model and finite element model are built. The impact of voltage, electric field strength etc. on magnetic slipper pair’s working performance and service life is analyzed. The results show that: the position of the swash plate in contact with the core of magnetic slipper pair has maximum electric field strength and prone to discharging electric which affect the service life. The main magnetic path forms a …

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Study On How To Design Simplest Chaotic Circuit With Two Charge-Controlled Memristors, Shuhua Wu, Xuwei Rong, Zhenyong Liu Jan 2019

Study On How To Design Simplest Chaotic Circuit With Two Charge-Controlled Memristors, Shuhua Wu, Xuwei Rong, Zhenyong Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A simplest five-order chaotic circuit is designed with two HP laboratory charge-controlled memristor models and its basic dynamic characteristics are studied using the conventional dynamic analysis method, through which its initial unstable oscillation is discovered and the initial oscillation process is recorded with the maximum Lyapunov exponent; the volt-ampere characteristic and the power output of the two memristors in the circuit are computed, indicating that the memristors are passive components; and the impacts of the inductance, capacitance and conductance to the circuit system are studied using the bifurcation diagram and the maximum Lyapunov exponent spectrum. In addition, the distribution …

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Research On Involute Helical Cylindrical Gear Transmission Error Based On Abaqus, Xinrong Liu, Zhonghou Wang, Kubo Aizoh, Kaiyuan Zhang Jan 2019

Research On Involute Helical Cylindrical Gear Transmission Error Based On Abaqus, Xinrong Liu, Zhonghou Wang, Kubo Aizoh, Kaiyuan Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The present paper comes up with torsional vibration model of involute helical gear in order to study the transmission error of involute helical cylindrical gear. It finished the analysis about transmission error of involute helical gear both in the static and the dynamic, at the same time, it showed the laws of dynamic transmission error curve under different loads, which would be compared with the laws of static transmission error curve. The research showed that the greater the load, the larger the absolute value of transmission error, however, the peak difference of dynamic transmission error is not a linear …

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Linear Array Pattern Optimization Algorithm For Effective Estimation Of Optimum Particle Initial Values, Yongbin Chou, Shuchun Zhang, Yuancheng Wang, Wenlan Fan, Dexin Li Jan 2019

Linear Array Pattern Optimization Algorithm For Effective Estimation Of Optimum Particle Initial Values, Yongbin Chou, Shuchun Zhang, Yuancheng Wang, Wenlan Fan, Dexin Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For particle swarm optimization (PSO), all particles are always initialized randomly, but here a new initialization method is presented to improve PSO optimizer convergence performance. On the basis of desired pattern, the corresponding aperture weights are solved by analytical techniques which can to a great extent ensure that these weights are effective estimations of the current optimum particle initial values. Then they are assigned to a particle as initial values, but all other particles of the swarm are still initialized randomly. Except this new initialization step, nothing is changed in PSO optimizer. The simulation results prove that this new …

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Research On Classification Based On Autoencoder Combination Features Extraction Method, Congcong Gu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji Jan 2019

Research On Classification Based On Autoencoder Combination Features Extraction Method, Congcong Gu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the problem that autoencoder can not obtain class information according to labels during the unsupervised training process, to improve the recognition accuracy, stacked class denoising autoencoder(SCDAE) is proposed to extract class information, and autoencoder combination features extraction method is adapted to extract combination features for classification. The method builds a stacked denoising autoencoder(SDAE) and a SCDAE. The method fine-tunes SDAE and SCDAE to form a combined model (CM). The combination features containing main information of the input data and class information are acquired through CM, and they are further used for classification. MNIST and USPS handwritten database are …

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Ray-Casting Algorithm Based On Adaptive Compound Interpolation, Yanyang Zeng, Qingqing Pei, Baokun Li Jan 2019

Ray-Casting Algorithm Based On Adaptive Compound Interpolation, Yanyang Zeng, Qingqing Pei, Baokun Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The ray casting algorithm is widely used in volume rendering technology due to its mature algorithm and high imaging quality. To solve the problems of large amount of calculation and long rendering time caused by high-quality images, the problems of re-sampling point interpolation and time-consuming synthesis in the volume rendering process based on the traditional ray casting algorithm are studied, and an improved adaptive compound interpolation ray casting algorithm is proposed. According to the set threshold range, the size of the retreating sampling step is adjusted to select the interpolation sampling point and interpolation algorithm, and the re-sampling and …

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Application Of Virtual Trial Makeup Based On Video, Jiayuan Liu, Jinfang Li, Hanwu He Jan 2019

Application Of Virtual Trial Makeup Based On Video, Jiayuan Liu, Jinfang Li, Hanwu He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To try different cosmetic products in a convenient and low cost way, a virtual make-up algorithm based on a plane mesh model is proposed. The feature points are extracted from the face in the video by the Harr cascade classifier and the Dlib library. A mask pattern is built on the different parts of the face dynamically according to the texture coordinates of the plane mesh model. Theory is used to control the display area of the main texture of the planar mesh model. The mapping relationship between the main texture and the feature point coordinates of the planar …

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Design And Implementation Of Virtual Visual Simulation Platform For Maritime Wireless Transmission, Yuxuan Tong, Bin Lin, Hongxiang Ren, Tao Rui Jan 2019

Design And Implementation Of Virtual Visual Simulation Platform For Maritime Wireless Transmission, Yuxuan Tong, Bin Lin, Hongxiang Ren, Tao Rui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the actual demand of simulating wireless transmission on the sea, a simulation platform with stronger immersion and more real-time data is designed, which combines visual simulation technology and maritime wireless transmission to replace the traditional methods which just build mathematical charts and tables. The traditional channel models are improved and a connection among the free space path loss, reflection loss and so on is built. Different models aim to different communication bands for establishing a widely used transmission. Unity 3D game engine is used to recover a real scene and realize environment configuration and roles control. The …

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Improved Hybrid Bounding Box Collision Detection Algorithm, Wang Chao, Zhili Zhang, Long Yong, Shaodi Wang Jan 2019

Improved Hybrid Bounding Box Collision Detection Algorithm, Wang Chao, Zhili Zhang, Long Yong, Shaodi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the construction of the oriented bounding box (OBB) takes a long time and the efficiency of the scene collision detection algorithm is not high, a fast-adaptive hybrid bounding box collision detection algorithm is proposed, which optimizes the bounding box of hierarchy and the way of storage. A large number of objects that cannot be intersected are excluded by means of the eight-tree space division and the rough detection of the sphere, and the exact intersecting test of the OBB can be made. The experimental result shows that compared with the OBB algorithm, the complexity of the bounding …

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Vector Control Of Pmsm Based On Sliding Mode Observer, Dinghui Wu, Deliang Yang, Jinbao Chen Jan 2019

Vector Control Of Pmsm Based On Sliding Mode Observer, Dinghui Wu, Deliang Yang, Jinbao Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the coupling problem of current loop in vector control permanent magnet synchronous motor, a complex vector decoupling control strategy based on sliding mode observer is proposed. Based on the traditional sliding mode observer, the introduction of Sigmoid as a switching function and variable sliding mode gain to reduce the high frequency chattering, followed by construction of complex vector PI current regulator, combined with the transfer function of zero pole configuration and stability theory, determine the parameters of PI regulator, the view of rotor position and speed sensor observation information into the complex vector PI current regulator decoupling …

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Simulation Data-Driven Modeling Approach For Space Information Network, Yang Xing, Wu Jing, Jianguo Zhou, Jiang Hao, Zhu Jie Jan 2019

Simulation Data-Driven Modeling Approach For Space Information Network, Yang Xing, Wu Jing, Jianguo Zhou, Jiang Hao, Zhu Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem for the research on the simulation and modeling of the space information network (SIN) with high complexity, a SIN modeling approach based on simulation data is proposed. On this basis, a deep predictive auto-encoder network for SIN performance indicators and a hybrid forecasting analysis model with random forest regression are designed. Due to the characteristics of high dimensionality and wide distribution of SIN performance indicators, with using the deep learning auto-encoder network, the construction of SIN performance index is realized. Combined with the random forest regression model, the relationship model between the network design parameters …

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Two-Sided Matching Decision Model Between Task And Resource For Cloud Fusion, Lijun Cheng, Wang Yan Jan 2019

Two-Sided Matching Decision Model Between Task And Resource For Cloud Fusion, Lijun Cheng, Wang Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The disjointing of cloud task-to-resource matching link is a prominent problem in the cloud fusion process. Aiming at this problem, a cloud-based fusion task assignment model optimization method based on the improved knowledge migration maximum entropy clustering algorithm (KT-MECA) is proposed, in which the two-sided satisfaction of tasks and resources is considered. The algorithm improves the introduction of historical clustering center knowledge and membership degree knowledge, improves clustering performance and stability, and solves the problem that traditional clustering algorithms cannot be applied to dynamic cloud resource clustering. Considering the two-side subject satisfaction, the result of KT-MECA is applied to …

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12-Dimensional Zero Velocity State Updating Intelligent Algorithm For Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, Hengzhi Liu, Li Qing Jan 2019

12-Dimensional Zero Velocity State Updating Intelligent Algorithm For Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, Hengzhi Liu, Li Qing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For wearable pedestrian strapdown inertial navigation and location devices, the different devices need different pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) parameters, and the parameters are not such the optimal value that it affects the accuracy. A self-pedestrian navigation and location method based on the 12-dimensional zero-velocity state update intelligent algorithm is proposed, in which three dimensional errors of velocity, angular speed, location and geomagnetism are introduced as the system observations and an intelligent estimator which is formed by the support vector machine (SVM) and Kalman filter is established to estimate the system state error, and therefore the system accuracy is improved. …

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