Chemistry Commons^™

Analysis Of Fatty Acids In Chukchi Sea Sediments, Damilola Ajadi

Theses and Dissertations

The Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas are key areas for understanding the global climate system. Climate change causes increased terrigenous materials to be carried into the ocean as well as higher production of marine organic matter in the ocean. This study determined the concentrations, distribution, and sources of fatty acids in core sediments from four locations: Stations H32, H30, BarC5 and H24 in the Chukchi Sea, which are in the Arctic Ocean. Fatty acids are valuable tracers of marine or terrigenous inputs and may give evidence to the extent of climate change. Fatty acids were analyzed, characterized using GC-MS …

Richardsite, Zn2cugas4, A New Gallium-Essential Member Of The Stannite Group From The Gem Mines Near Merelani, Tanzania, Luca Bindi, John A. Jaszczak

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The new mineral richardsite occurs as overgrowths of small (50–400 μm) dark gray, disphenoidal crystals with no evident twinning, but epitaxically oriented on wurtzite–sphalerite crystals from the gem mines near Merelani, Lelatema Mountains, Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania. Associated minerals also include graphite, diopside, and Ge,Ga-rich wurtzite. It is brittle, dark gray in color, and has a metallic luster. It appears dark bluish gray in reflected plane-polarized light, and is moderately bireflectant. It is distinctly anisotropic with violet to light-blue rotation tints with crossed polarizers. Reflectance percentages for Rmin and Rmax in air at the respective wavelengths are 23.5, 25.0 …

Enhancement Of Phase Change Material Sorbitol By Nanoparticle Inclusion For Improving Thermal Energy Storage Capabilities, Joshua Kasitz

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Thermal management of electronic devices has become an increasingly vital field of study with the rapid miniaturization of many key electrical components. With the significant improvement of semiconductor manufacturing and intensified focus on interconnects, electronic devices have decreased in size at an incredible rate. Decreasing spatial requirements is essential to improving device capabilities as the electronic system is able to incorporate more components. Currently, electronic systems are drastically limited by the capabilities of their cooling mechanisms. Smaller devices lead to large increases in the energy density of the system and require more powerful cooling systems to maintain proper component operating …

Green Synthesis Of Reduced Graphene Oxide For Efficient Adsorption-Photocatalysis Studies In Methylene Blue Dye Degradation, Ling Er Valerie Siong

Student Works (2020-2029)

Dyes are one of the major components of industrial effluents. Owing to the complex structures of these toxic organic compounds, the removal of dyes from effluents possesses a great challenge in wastewater treatment. In order to tackle this issue, one of the effective methods is to remove dyes via the combination of adsorption and photocatalysis processes. In the present work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was fabricated from graphene oxide (GO) by using an environmentally friendly solvothermal approach, whereby ethanol was employed as a non-toxic reductant. In order to investigate the formation of rGO, the reduction of GO was carried out …

Comparison Of Three Analytical Techniques For General Characterisation Of Selected Algae And Cyanobacteria, Mohamed Iqbal Suhaina Nashath

Student Works (2020-2029)

Algae and cyanobacteria maintain the oxygenation of earth, and are utilised as biofuels, biofertilizers and nutrition feed. The characterisation of algae and cyanobacteria through conventional methods require technical expertise, laborious sample preparation, and moderately expensive instruments and reagents. Hence, in this study, selected bioanalytical techniques with minimal sample preparation were incorporated, to simplify the characterisation of algae and cyanobacteria. The objectives of this research were to study the phylogenetic relationship of the selected algae and cyanobacteria via the 23S plastid ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 18S rRNA biomarkers; to validate the presence of the microcystin synthetase (mcy) gene cluster encoding …

Spectroscopic And Computational Studies Of The Agricultural Active Ingredient Dicamba, James Johnson

Honors Theses

3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid, more commonly known as Dicamba, is the active ingredient in an array of pesticides used on farmlands across the globe. Dicamba’s mode of action works by mimicking the plant hormone auxin, which is synonymous to growth hormones in mammals. The mimicking of auxin results in excessive elongation and growing, which is eventually fatal for plants when the rate of growth can no longer be sustained. Dicamba has risen in prominence in recent years due to drift damage as a result of Dicamba’s high volatility. Having the ability to identify Dicamba is crucial for the agricultural industry. The …

Assessing Amino Acid Racemization In Avian Eggshells Through Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography, Nikitha Nelapudi

Honors Theses

The extent of amino acid racemization (AAR) observed in organic material offers insight into geochronology. Within the scope of AAR research, Avian eggshells are reliable sources of data due to retention of indigenous amino acids through calcification. This project develops a robust quantification methodology for up to 9 D/L amino acids using reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) with precolumn derivatization. Reliable quantitation is established via statistical assessment of detectability and calibration curves. Progress has focused on obtaining adequate enantioseparation and reproducible data of single D/L amino acids.

Design Of A Novel Isoxazoline Class Drug For The Suppressive Treatment Of Malaria, Peyton Ware

Honors Theses

Design of a novel isoxazoline class drug for the suppressive treatment of erythrocytic malaria through the inhibition of Plasmodium Falciparum Gylceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (PfGAPDH) gave rise to creation of a synthetic plan for the proposed target molecule α-amino- 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl propionic acid. A literature-based analysis of the moieties targeting the PfGADPH active site led to the design of the target molecule. Subsequently, an exploration of the literature yielded a possible bifold synthetic plan. Attempts at a model epoxidation reaction using mCPBA and further efforts towards the synthesis of a 3- bromoisoxazoline were shown to be successful using GCMS analysis.

A Game-Theoretic Approach To Deciphering The Dynamics Of Amyloid-Beta Aggregation Along Competing Pathways, Preetam Ghosh, Pratip Rana, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari, Jhinuk Saha, Edward Steen, Ashwin Vaidya

Faculty Publications

Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a significant event that underpins Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ aggregates, especially the low-molecular weight oligomers, are the primary toxic agents in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, there is increasing interest in understanding their formation and behaviour. In this paper, we use our previously established results on heterotypic interactions between Aβ and fatty acids (FAs) to investigate off-pathway aggregation under the control of FA concentrations to develop a mathematical framework that captures the mechanism. Our framework to define and simulate the competing on- and off-pathways of Aβ aggregation is based on the principles of game theory. Together …

Surface Chemistry And Surface Properties Of Energetic Nitrocellulose (Nc), Henry Grau

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This research describes an investigation into the wettability of nitrocellulose (NC), most importantly to nitroglycerin (NG), which are key components of formulations used to propel military ammunition. NG demonstrates complete wetting of NC and, overtime, NG sweats on the NC surface and leaks out. The leaking out of NG from the solid formulation is a known cause of fires and explosions resulting from storage. The origin of this research is inspired by the need to engineer a solution to leakage problems of energetic plasticizer in NC based propellant. While searching for a viable material for a specific application, we journeyed …

Optimization Of The Mechanochemical Synthesis Of Several Distinct Compounds., Joseph Ryan Williams

Honors College Theses

Mechanochemical synthesis, as used in this work, is the mechanical milling of reagents to drive reaction. It is often considered a greener alternative to traditional solution-based methods of synthesis. This work will describe the mechanochemical synthesis of furan-2-yl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione and N-hexadecylfuran-2-carbothioamide, the optimization of the mechanochemical synthesis of 1,3-dibenzylbenzimidazolium bromide as well as the kinetics of this reaction, and finally the ongoing development of the mechanochemical synthesis of N,N′-dioctyl-2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxamide.

This work studied both the traditional method and mechanochemical method for synthesis of furan-2-yl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione, as well as the mechanochemical method for N-hexadecylfuran-2-carbothioamide. While initial work was promising, it was …

Materials, Micro-Stacks And Related Applications Of Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Zhe Lv, Bo Wei, Zhi-Hong Wang, Yan-Ting Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC-SOFC) is a special type of fuel cells, in which both an anode and a cathode are placed in one chamber. Its working principle relies on the selective catalytic activity of the electrodes towards fuel and oxidant in a gas mixture, leading to the generation of an electromotive force. Because of its unique principle and structure, SC-SOFC has many advantages such as sealing-free, easy stacking, quick start-up and no carbon deposition, thus, it possesses large potential in application. Herein, the principles and characteristics of SC-SOFC are introduced. Furthermore, the SC-SOFC materials, micro-stack design, degeneration mechanisms …

Electrochemical Performance Improvement Of Li2Mno3 Cathode Materials By Mgf2 Coating, Du-Dan Wang, Fei Wang, Huan-Huan Zhai, Yu-Peng Li, Na-Chuan Yang, Kang-Hua Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cathode material Li₂MnO₃ has received more and more attention owing to its high theoretical capacity (459 mAh·g ^-1). However, the low initial coulombic efficiency and the poor cycle stability hamper its practical application in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we investigated the crystal structure and electrochemical performance of Li₂MnO₃ by introducing MgF₂ coating layer. The results indicated that the conversion of partial layer Li₂MnO₃ to spinel phase induced by MgF₂ coating could reduce the initial irreversible capacity and improve the first cycle efficiency. The initial coulombic efficiencies of the 0.5wt.%, …

Syntheses And Properties Of Ta5+ Doped Li7La3Zr2O12, Feng-Feng Peng, Shi-You Li, Tong-Tong Geng, Chun-Lei Li, Shuang-Wei Zeng

Journal of Electrochemistry

The tantalum ion (Ta ⁵⁺) doped garnet-type inorganic solid electrolyte Ta-LLZO was prepared by solid state reaction, and the effect of doping amount on the properties of the materials was investigated. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron scanning microscopy (FESEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). And the cycle stability was tested by assembly of LiFePO₄//LLZTO//Li all solid lithium battery. The results show that with the increase of Ta ⁵⁺ doping amount, the material appeared to form a single cubic phase structure. When the Ta ⁵⁺ doping content became 14.09wt.%, x=0.3, the …

Preparation And Characterization Of Cathode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Xiao-Nan Bao, Guang-Jun Zhang, Shao-Rong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A site deficient (La_0.8Sr_0.2)_0.95MnO₃ (LSM95) powder was synthesized by solid state reaction as a cathode material. The commercial Zr_0.9Sc_0.1SO_1.95 (SSZ) was selected as an electrolyte material and La_0.8Sr_0.2Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O₃- (LSCrM) was synthesized by sol-gel method as an anode material. Accordingly, single cells of LSCrM-CeO₂|SSZ|3YSZ-LSM95 were prepared by tape casting, sintering and impregnation. The single cell test results for LSCrM-CeO₂|SSZ|3YSZ-LSM95 with 0.11 g·cm ^-2 CeO₂ and using CH₄ as a fuel showed the power …

Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Jiang Liu, Xiao-Min Yan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carbon is richly reserved in coal, biomasses, and many other nature resources. It is usually used as an energy source through oxygen oxidation reaction. The oxidation is generally realized through combustion which causes serious air pollution. Besides, the conversion efficiency of generating electricity through the combustion process is limited by Carnot efficiency. A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC) is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) directly operated with solid carbon as the fuel. It can convert the chemical energy of carbon into electricity with high efficiency. The concentration of produced CO₂ from a DC-SOFC is so high …

Research Progress Of Fuel Electrode In Oxide-Ion Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysers, Ling-Ting Ye, Kui Xie

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysers are now attracting much more attentions because they can efficiently produce fuels by electrolyzing H₂O/CO₂. In this paper, a comprehensive introduction to the recent progress in the development of fuel electrode (cathode) materials is provided. The advantages, disadvantages and development trend towards various cathode materials are pointed out. The key scientific and technological problems in this field are emphasized.

Development Status And Prospects Of Hydrogen Production By High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis, Wen-Qiang Zhang, Bo Yu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cell is an advanced energy conversion device with high efficiency, simplicity, flexibility, and environmental friendliness. It is currently a research hotspot in the international energy field. This paper introduces and analyzes the basic principles, key materials, system components and developments of solid oxidation electrolysis cells. Furthermore, the recent research progresses, challenges and future development directions in solid oxidation electrolysis cells in the field of high-efficiency hydrogen production are summarized and outlined.

High Temperature Electrochemistry Preface, Jiang Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

Pitting Behavior Of Stainless Steel In Simulated Marine Atmosphere Based On Electrochemical Noise, Jun-Hao Deng, Gui Wang, Jie-Zhen Hu, Pei-Chang Deng, Huan-Huan Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A measurement system for detecting the atmospheric corrosion of stainless steels was built based on electrochemical noise technology. The electrochemical noise data have been collected for 304 stainless steels which were exposed to the simulated marine atmospheric environment. The pitting behaviors of 304 stainless steels were studied by analyzing the electrochemical noise results with the time domain spectrogram, statistic, frequency domain spectrogram and shot noise theory. Meanwhile, potentiodynamic polarization and morphological analysis were also used as assistant measurements. It has shown that the 304 stainless steel in the whole wet-dry cycle could be divided into three stages, including passivation stage, …

Nio@Rgo Supported Palladium And Silver Nanoparticles As Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Shuo Yao, Tai-Zhong Huang, Rizwan Haider, Heng-Yi Fang, Jie-Mei Yu, Zhan-Kun Jiang, Dong Liang, Yue Sun, Xian-Xia Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

For pervasive applications of fuel cells, highly efficient and economical materials are required to replace Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, the NiO@rGO, Pd-NiO@rGO and Ag-NiO@rGO nanoparticles were synthesized, and their catalytic performances toward ORR were investigated. The results revealed that all the three materials were capable of catalyzing ORR, but both the Pd-NiO@rGO and Ag-NiO@rGO showed the better performances compared with the NiO@rGO in terms of the reaction pathway being 4-electron process, the increases of the onset potential and the intermediate yielding rate, as well as the extended stability. Moreover, the effect of Pd modification …

Recent Advances Of Co2 Electrochemical Reduction In Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells, Yi-Hang Li, Chang-Rong Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have stimulated wide interests for their promising application in the reduction of CO₂ emissions and the storage of renewable energy. Here, the advances made in the development of cathode materials including cermets and perovskite oxides in our research group, are summarized, along with the design of cell configurations. The electrochemical kinetics and performances of cathodes and cells are discussed and analyzed. It is expected that this brief review offers critical insights and useful guidelines for developing superior electrodes and SOECs in the future.

Cyclic Voltammetry Coupled With Faradic Adsorption/Desorption Processes: A Finite Element Simulation, Jia-Yao Guo, Duan Chen, Jie Zhang, Dong-Ping Zhan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) coupled with Faradic adsorption/desorption is the fundamental processes involved in hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and methanol oxidation reaction. However, the electrochemical behaviors of HET coupled with Faradic adsorption/desorption are complicated, and difficult to get the interface reaction kinetics quantitatively. In this paper, finite element method was adopted to simulate the cyclic voltammetric behaviors of HET coupled with Faradic adsorption/desorption processes by using the Fick’s second law and Langmuir isotherm. The cyclic voltammograms when reactant or product adsorbed weakly or strongly were simulated, and they agreed well with the classical results. …

Perovskite Catalysts For Fuel Reforming In Sofc:A Review And Perspective, Tong Wei, Jian Li, Li-Chao Jia, Bo Chi, Jian Pu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a generating device by electrochemical reaction to transfer the chemical energy of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas, etc.), the biomass fuel or other hydrocarbon fuels directly into electricity with higher energy conversion efficiency and lower pollution, which is recognized to be efficient green energy technology in the 21st century. However, when hydrocarbons are directly used as fuel, carbon deposition is easy to occur in nickel-based anode, thus, losing electrochemical catalytic activity. Fuel pre-reforming on the outside of the anode is an effective solution, which strongly relies on highly efficient and stable reforming catalysts. …

Research Progress In Ethane Dehydrogenation To Cogenerate Power And Value-Added Chemicals In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Yun Fan, Qi Wang, Jun Li, Jing-Li Luo, Xian-Zhu Fu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Increasing supplies of methane/shale gas have promoted global development of higher value chemicals such as ethylene production by ethane, which dramatically changes the markets of petrochemical industry. Clean and efficient transformation of ethane into higher value chemicals has far-reaching significance. Ethylene production through ethane steam cracking is a relatively matured technology for industrial production. However, the process consumes large amounts of energy and the presence of carbon deposition becomes a serious problem which is difficult to be solved. The cogenerated energy-chemicals solid oxide fuel cells have been widely studied because fuel gas can be converted into high-value chemicals via spontaneous …

Construction And Electrochemical Performance Of Garnet-Type Solid Electrolyte/Al-Li Alloy Interface, Jia-Lin Ma, Hong-Chun Wang, Zheng-Liang Gong, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Garnet-type solid electrolyte is a newly developed Li ion conductor and promising in the application of all-solid-state batteries. However, Garnet is incompatible with Li anode, which restricts the application of Garnet-type solid batteries. In order to improve the contact between Garnet-type solid electrolyte and Li electrode, a composite anode which contains Al-Li alloy (Al₄Li₉) was prepared as an electrode. Al-Li alloy has many advantages such as easy preparation, low cost, simple post-treatment and high capacity. Garnet-type Li_6.5La₃Zr_1.75W_0.25O₁₂ (LLZWO) was synthesized via solid-state reaction. Garnet solid electrolyte has …

An Innovative "Green" Suzuki Coupling Reaction For The Crl-232 Lab, James W. Wheeler, David Dehm

Chemistry Student Work

A major objective of “Green Chemistry” is to provide a more modern chemical experience in the laboratory along with reducing the amount of waste generated and make the lab safer for our students. The latest effort is the continuance to update the chemical reactions in the DHE 232 Organic Chemistry Lab by employing a “water-based” Suzuki Coupling Reaction. The 2010 Nobel prize was awarded to Heck, Negishi, and Suzuki for the palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reaction. This reaction has gained wide acceptance in industry where it is used in large scale reactions to make drugs (naproxen, 5-HT1a Agonist), agricultural chemicals (Boscalid® …

The Effect Of A Possible Glioblastoma Treatment On Somatic Cells, Emily Matuczinski, Ashley Parkhurst

Research and Creativity Symposium

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a serious intracranial cancer which maintains a low survival rate due to its aggressive nature and invasive morphology that is resistant to current treatment methods. Recently, superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) bound to a TWEAK ligand have been proposed to specifically target glioblastoma cells at their Fn-14 receptor by inducing cellular death of the cancerous cells through the disruption of the membrane when exposed to a magnetic field. While apoptosis in GBM cells was successfully induced in vitro, the effect of the SPION-TWEAK complex on normal somatic cells and the effect of external environments on the SPION …

Co Sense And Release Flavonols: Progress Toward The Development Of An Analyte Replacement Photocorm For Use In Living Cells, Marina Popova, Tatiana Soboleva, Abby D. Benninghoff, Lisa M. Berreau

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a signaling molecule in humans. Prior research suggests that therapeutic levels of CO can have beneficial effects in treating a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. To facilitate understanding of the role of CO in biology, molecules that enable fluorescence detection of CO in living systems have emerged as an important class of chemical tools. A key unmet challenge in this field is the development of fluorescent analyte replacement probes that replenish the CO that is consumed during detection. Herein, we report the first examples of CO sense and release molecules that involve combining a common …

An Investigation Into The Molecular Dynamics Of The Laser Induced Dissociation Of 2-Bromoethanol, Kirk French

Senior Honors Theses

The unimolecular dissociation of 2-bromoethanol is investigated using computational chemistry methods both to test the reliability of the theories and methods of computational chemistry and to explore the internal mechanism of the dissociation. The dissociation of the bromine ion from 2-bromoethanol was experimentally observed in a previous publication by Ratliff et. al. These experimental results were compared in this thesis to computational calculations of their research. The method of TD-B3LYP proved to be inadequate in this venture except for the lowest energies of the most stable conformer of 2-bromoethanol. However, interesting mechanisms were found such as the formation of HBr …