Chemistry Commons^™

Fabrication, Characterization And Applications Of Chemically Modified Planar Metallic Electrodes From Copper Clad Sheets, Rana T. Alsaidi

Theses

In this work, we developed a fabricating method for planar electrodes by milling and cutting copper-clad sheets. The main objectives of this thesis are to produce customized planar electrodes with different geometries with relatively higher reusability compared to the screen-printed electrodes available by commercial vendors. The fabricated electrodes from copper-clad sheets were electroplated with different metals using commercial electroplating baths to produce different metallic planar electrodes. Also, the fabrication of planar electrodes with cavities to be filled with modified carbon paste was done. The electroplated planar electrodes were characterized by the cyclic voltammetry technique. In addition to that, they were …

Integrated In Silico Techniques For Mechanism Studies Of Antiviral And Antidiabetic Compounds, Mohd Isa Diyana

Student Works (2020-2029)

Discovery and development of drug is an iterative process that involves identification of target and leads discovery, lead optimization and pre-clinical of biological profile and is continued until the drugs are eligible to be tested in the clinical phase. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is an efficient way to overcome the demands of cost, time consumption and drug validation. CADD utilizes in silico technique approaches such as molecular docking to understand their binding pattern and affinity with the target protein and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to provide an atomic view of the dynamic behavior and stability of bioactive compound inside the …

Effect Of Polymer Design And Coating Formulation On The Water Uptake And Sensitivity Of Acrylic Water-Borne Films, William Z. Thompson

Master's Theses

Water-borne latex coatings represent a safer, more user-friendly, and environmentally responsible alternative to solvent-borne coatings, and are growing in popularity each year. However, these coatings often exhibit unfavorable performance when exposed to water for extended periods of time. This prolonged exposure often results in water uptake, which may give rise to other detrimental effects such as a decrease in modulus, blushing or water-whitening, reduced serviceable life, and softening of the film. In this study, various polymer composition latex design spaces are studied to develop an understanding of how water uptake can be modulated and minimized using common synthetic approaches. Factors …

Crystal Structure Of The Catalytic C-Lobe Of The Hect-Type Ubiquitin Ligase E6ap, Lena K. Ries, Anna K.L. Liess, Christian G. Feiler, Donald E. Spratt, Edward D. Lowe, Sonja Lorenz

Chemistry

The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase E6AP (UBE3A) is critically involved in several neurodevelopmental disorders and human papilloma virus-induced cervical tumorigenesis; the structural mechanisms underlying the activity of this crucial ligase, however, are incompletely understood. Here, we report a crystal structure of the C-terminal lobe (“C-lobe”) of the catalytic domain of E6AP that reveals two molecules in a domain-swapped, dimeric arrangement. Interestingly, the molecular hinge that enables this structural reorganization with respect to the monomeric fold coincides with the active-site region. While such dimerization is unlikely to occur in the context of full-length E6AP, we noticed a similar domain swap in a …

The Role Of Α, Γ, And Metastable Polymorphs On Electrospun Polyamide 6/Functionalized Graphene Oxide, Javier Macossay-Torres, Yazmin I. Avila-Vega, Faheem A. Sheikh, Travis Cantu, Francisco E. Longoria-Rodriguez, Edgar H. Ramirez-Soria, Rigoberto C. Advincula, Jose Bonilla-Cruz

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

The present paper describes the addition of nitroxide-functionalized graphene oxide (GOFT) into polyamide 6 (PA6) micro- and nanofibers, which were obtained through electrospinning. SEM micrographs demonstrated the presence of fibers. Tensile testing presented an unexpected and non-obvious behavior, in which the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation simultaneously and remarkably increased compared to the pristine polymer nanofibers. GOFT induces the hydrogen bonding between the NH group from PA6 with the functional groups, thus promoting higher crystallinity of the polymer matrix. Nonetheless, deconvoluted DSC curves revealed the presence of two quasi-steady polymorphous (b and d phases) contributing to 46% of the …

Effect Of Hydrothermal Temperature Treatment On The Variance Of Fluorescence In Ca2sio4:Tb3Þ, Rajaboopathi Mani, Santosh K. Gupta

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Investigations of structural defects and their associated impact on the optical properties of optical materials are essential expediencies because different methods are involved in the preparation of those materials for display applications. Lanthanide ion doping is a simple structural probing strategy that facilitates the challenges of identifying the structural defects. Pure and terbium (Tb3+) doped Ca2SiO4 (C2S) particles were prepared using Pechini (C2SP) and hydrothermal methods (C2SH). From SEM images, it is observed that the Tb3+ doped C2SP particles were highly agglomerated, more than the C2SH particles. The TEM study confirmed that the particle size decreased for C2SH prepared at …

Preparation And Characterization Of Γ-Al2o3 Doped With Selected Elements And Correlating Surface Properties With The Catalytic Activity In Methanol Dehydration To Dimethyl Ether, Mo’Ath Ahmad Hasan

Chemistry Theses

The increasing demand for energy is associated with challenges that include environmental concerns and limited reserves. Dimethyl ether, DME, which can be obtained from different feedstocks, including natural gas and biomass, has recently been recognized as an ultra-clean environmentally friendly fuel due to the fact that it possesses unique characteristics that make it an efficient alternative fuel for diesel fuel engines. In addition, DME is an industrially important intermediate for a variety of chemicals. A promising potential route for dimethyl ether production is catalytic dehydration of methanol over solid acid catalysts. Therefore, exploring new solid acid catalytic materials and understanding …

Pegylated Block Copolymer For Cancer Imaging And Treatment, Sweety Singh

Dissertations

Gene theranostics have emerged as an important tool for the treatment of cancer as well as other diseases. Among the challenges in this field is the lack of effective vectors to chaperone plasmids into cells while the vector itself exhibits minimal toxicity. Herein, the synthesis, cellular uptake, and gene delivery using a biocompatible norbornene-based block copolymer is reported. This block copolymer, bearing polyethylene glycol moieties along with primary amines is functionalized with both a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophore for fluorescence tracking and a folic acid derivative for cancer cell targeting.

Stoichiometry control afforded residual unreacted amine functional groups available to …

Doped Carbonaceous Materials And Thin Films As Smart Materials For Pollutant Remediation And Electrocatalytic Applications, Bijay Paudel Chhetri

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we focused on utilizing naturally abundant, low-cost, environmentally benign, and renewable carbon precursors to synthesize doped carbonaceous materials as they are of particular interest in the scientific research because of their characteristic physiochemical properties. Such renewable bio-polymer derived doped carbonaceous hold potential applications in fuel cells, pollutant remediation, and many others. Due to the growing interest in developing high performance electrode materials for energy storage devices like supercapacitors, the design of thin-fils electrodes that delivered high specific capacitance with long term stability is essential. In chapter 1, the dissertation discussed backgrounds in carbon-based materials, renewable biopolymers, fuel …

Silver(I) And Copper(I) Complexes Of Semi‐Bulky Nitrogen‐Confused C‐Scorpionates, Denan Wang, Fathiya Jahan, Kristin J. Meise, Sergey V. Lindeman, James R. Gardinier

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Two new sterically demanding nitrogen‐confused C‐scorpionate ligands with a bis(3,5‐diisopropylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl group bound to the 3‐ position of a normal pyrazole (^HL^iPr2) or an N‐toluenesulfonyl pyrazole (^TsL^iPr2) have been prepared. Reactions between the ligands (^xL^iPr2) and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, AgOTf, gave four new compounds of the types [Ag(^xL^iPr2)](OTf) (x = Ts, 1a; x = H, 2a) or [Ag(^xL^iPr2)2](OTf) (x = Ts, 1b; x = H, 2b) depending on the initial metal:ligand ratio. Similarly, the reactions with [Cu(CH₃CN)_4](PF_{6 …}

Pyrene Pyrimidine Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization And Applications, John Kihara Mathaga

LSU Master's Theses

In this thesis, development of new materials to the field of optoelectronics were studied. Optoelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors in order to replace their inorganic counterparts have been an increasing focus of research in recent decades. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have gained commercial acceptance for their potential use in high-resolution displays and solid-state lighting. This general acceptance is despite the fact that organic electronic concepts (solar cells, transistors and detectors) are still in an early stage of development. OLEDs materials intrinsic advantages, like low power consumption as compared to LED counterparts, a tunable color range, ease of manufacturing, and …

Cellulose-Based Doped Carbon Materials For Removal Of Nitrophenols From Water, Ambar Bahadur Rangu Magar

Theses and Dissertations

Nitrophenols (NPs) and their derivatives are highly toxic, mutagenic, and bio-refractory pollutants commonly present in natural water resources and industrial wastewater. Various types of materials and methods have been practiced removing the NPs from polluted water. In this research, we are focusing on synthesizing of inexpensive doped carbon-based materials using renewable and biodegradable polymers such as microcrystalline cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose. Current work has been undertaken to develop doped carbon-based materials using a low-cost and straightforward method and characterized using different analytical techniques. The synthesized materials were used for the sustainable and efficient removal of NPs from an aqueous environment …

Sufex Activation With Ca(Ntf2)2: A Unified Strategy To Access Sulfamides, Sulfamates, And Sulfonamides From S(Vi) Fluorides, Nicholas Ball, Subham Mahapatra, Cristian P. Woroch, Todd W. Butler, Sabrina N. Carneiro, Sabrina C. Kwan, Samuel R. Khasnavis, Junha Gu, Jason K. Dutra, Beth C. Vetelino, Justin Bellenger, Christopher W. Am Ende

Pomona Faculty Publications and Research

A method to activate sulfamoyl fluorides, fluorosulfates, and sulfonyl fluorides with calcium triflimide and DABCO for SuFEx with amines is described. The reaction was applied to a diverse set of sulfamides, sulfamates, and sulfonamides at room temperature under mild conditions. Additionally, we highlight this transformation to parallel medicinal chemistry to generate a broad array of nitrogen-based S(VI) compounds.

Challenges In Quantifying Air‐Water Carbon Dioxide Flux Using Estuarine Water Quality Data: Case Study For Chesapeake Bay, Maria Herrmann, Raymond G. Najjar, Fei Da, Jaclyn R. Friedman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Sreece Goldberger, Alana Menendez, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Edward G. Stets, Pierre St-Laurent

Publications and Research

Estuaries play an uncertain but potentially important role in the global carbon cycle via CO₂ outgassing. The uncertainty mainly stems from the paucity of studies that document the full spatial and temporal variability of estuarine surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( pCO₂). Here, we explore the potential of utilizing the abundance of pH data from historical water quality monitoring programs to fill the data void via a case study of the mainstem Chesapeake Bay (eastern United States). We calculate pCO₂ and the air-water CO₂ flux at monthly resolution from 1998 to …

Site-Selective, Catalytic, And Diastereoselective Sp3 C–H Hydroxylation And Alkoxylation Of Vicinally Functionalized Lactams, Timothy K. Beng, Victoria Shearer, Rachel Davey, Ivianne Redman

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The C–H bond functionalization of sp³ carbon centres presents a significant challenge due to the inert nature of hydrocarbons as well as the need to selectively functionalize one of the numerous aliphatic C–H bonds embodied in organic molecules. Here, we describe catalytic, diastereoselective, and site-selective sp³ C–H hydroxylation/alkoxylation protocols featuring dihydroisoquinolones, γ-, and δ-lactams, which bear vicinal stereocenters. The hydroxylation strategy utilizes oxygen, a waste-free oxidant and affords attractive fragments for potential drug discovery. Fe-catalyzed dehydrative coupling of the resulting tertiary alcohols with simple primary alcohols has led to the construction of highly versatile unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers.

Synthesis Of The Natural Alkaloids Angustureine, Cuspareine, Galipeine, Galipinine Using Α-Aminocycloalkyl Copper Reagents, Zane Bertoli

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

Tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) are a group of N-heterocyclic molecules derived from natural sources. They show a wide range of interesting biological activity and have been the basis for a variety of different medications including antibacterial and antiparasitic drugs. The Hancock alkaloids, Galipinine, Galipeine, Cuspareine and Angustureine, are natural 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline compounds that are found in the South American Angostura tree. Extracts containing these alkaloids have been used to treat fever, dysentery and other ailments. Interestingly, These compounds have shows in vitro antimalarial activity. However, it does not appear in the literature that they have been evaluated for their potential antibiotic activity. …

Pyridyl Co2Fixation Enabled By A Secondary Hydrogen Bonding Coordination Sphere, Jacqueline N. Gayton, Qing Li, Lakeeta Sanders, Roberta R. Rodrigues, Glake Hill, Jared H. Delcamp

Faculty and Student Publications

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Reversible CO2 binders under ambient conditions are of significant interest for multiple applications in sensing and capture technologies. In this paper, a general systematic way to evaluate CO2 receptors with π-systems is put forward. A series of receptors (five pyridine-based and one triazine-based) are evaluated as CO2 binders in terms of number of hydrogen bonding sites, strength of hydrogen bond donors, and number of nucleophilic sites. The binding of CO2 to the receptors was probed by computational models, absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and 1H NMR studies. Multiple solvents with varying ionic strength …

Post-Treatment Of Synthetic Polyphenolic 1,3,4 Oxadiazole Compound A3, Attenuated Ischemic Stroke-Induced Neuroinflammation And Neurodegeneration, Arooj Mohsin Alvi, Lina Tariq Al Kury, Muhammad Umar Ijaz, Fawad Ali Shah, Muhammad Tariq Khan, Ahmed Sadiq Sheikh, Humaira Nadeem, Arif Ullah Khan, Alam Zeb, Shupeng Li

All Works

Ischemic stroke is categorized by either permanent or transient blood flow obstruction, impeding the distribution of oxygen and essential nutrients to the brain. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of compound A3, a synthetic polyphenolic drug product, against ischemic brain injury by employing an animal model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO). Ischemic stroke induced significant elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species and, ultimately, provoked inflammatory cascade. Here, we demonstrated that A3 upregulated the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), and reversed the ischemic-stroke-induced nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) …

Strong Temporal Variability In Methane Fluxes From Natural Gas Well Pad Soils, Seth N. Lyman, Huy N. Q. Tran, Marc L. Mansfield, Ric Bowers, Ann Smith

Bingham Research Center

We measured methane and carbon dioxide fluxes at natural gas well pad soils and undisturbed soils in the Rocky Mountain and Gulf Coast regions of the United States, including producing and gas storage wells. We collected both short-term (15 min) and multi-day (between 3 and 8), continuous measurements at 47 well pads and two undisturbed locations. Methane fluxes varied by more than an order of magnitude over periods as short as 30 min (e.g., 19–593 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in one instance), and diurnal and seasonal variability was also significant (e.g., spring-to-fall change from 509 to 14174 mg m …

Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline And Light-Emitting Properties Of Bis(4-Aalkoxyphenyl) Viologen Bis(Triflimide) Salts, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Muhammed Kareem M. Al-Karawi, Shane T. Killarney, Erenz J. Dizon, Anthony Chang, Jongin Kim, Si L. Chen, Ronald Carlo G. Principe, Andy Ho, Haesook Han

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

A series of bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen bis(triflimide) salts with alkoxy chains of different lengths were synthesized by the metathesis reaction of respective bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen dichloride salts, which were in turn prepared from the reaction of Zincke salt with the corresponding 4-n-alkoxyanilines, with lithium triflimide in methanol. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and elemental analysis. Their thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and variable temperature X-ray diffraction. Salts with short length alkoxy chains had crystal-to-liquid transitions. Salts of intermediate length alkoxy chains showed both crystal-to-smectic A (SmA) …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Novel Biologically Active Compounds, Madhurima Das

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

SCP-1, a potent derivative of acetaminophen, exhibits significantly diminished hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity relative to acetaminophen and nitrate ester derivatives of acetaminophen. It was therefore of interest to explore the development of nitric oxide donor analogs of SCP-1 to identify compounds that could have enhanced analgesic and/or antipyretic activity while taking advantage of the very low liver and kidney toxicity inherent to SCP-1. In this project, a series of nitrate ester analogues of the SCP-1 were prepared as potential nitric oxide donors. The synthesis of SCP analogs was achieved by triflic acid catalyzed O-acylation of SCP-1 with chloroalkanoyl chlorides followed by …

Electron Ratchets: State Of The Field And Future Challenges, Bryan Lau, Ofer Kedem

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Electron ratchets are non-equilibrium electronic devices that break inversion symmetry to produce currents from non-directional and random perturbations, without an applied net bias. They are characterized by strong parameter dependence, where small changes in operating conditions lead to large changes in the magnitude and even direction of the resulting current. This high sensitivity makes electron ratchets attractive research subjects, but leads to formidable challenges in their deeper study, and particularly to their useful application. This perspective reviews the progress that was made in the field starting from the first experimental electron ratchets in the late 1990s, and how the field …

Influence Of Adjuvants On Pesticide Soil-Air Partition Coefficients: Laboratory Measurements And Predicted Effects On Volatilization, Supta Das, Kimberly J. Hageman

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A solid-phase fugacity meter was used to measure the soil–air partition coefficients of three semivolatile pesticides (chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, and trifluralin) in the absence of additional adjuvants (K_{soil–air,AI}), as part of commercial formulations (K_{soil–air,formulation}), and as formulation mixtures with an additional spray adjuvant added (K_{soil–air,formulation+spray adjuvant}). Chlorpyrifos K_{soil–air,formulation} values were also measured over 15–30 °C, allowing for the change in internal energy of the phase transfer reaction (Δ_soil–airU) to be calculated and compared to the Δ_soil–airU for K_{soil–air,AI} from the literature. Measured K_soil–air values …

Effect Of Different Phosphate Glass Compositions On The Process-Induced Macromolecular Dynamic Of Polyamide 66, Imane Belyami, Mohammad K. Hassan

Faculty Publications

The present study provides a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of action of special new phosphate glass (P-glass) systems, having different glass transition temperatures (T_g), in polyamide 66 (PA66). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the T_g of PA66/low T_g P-glass (ILT-1) was significantly shifted to a lower T_g (65 °C), and another transition appeared at high temperature (166 °C). This was supported by a drop in the melting point and the crystallinity of the PA66/ILT-1 hybrid material as detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dielectric spectroscopic investigation on the networks’ molecular level structural …

Heavy Metals In Particulate Matter In Spokane County, Delaney M. White

2020 Symposium Posters

Heavy metals in particulate matter (e.g., dust) have multiple negative health ramifications for humans including cancer, infertility, and reduced lung function. The Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency (SRCAA) has seven air quality monitoring stations around Spokane County to measure total levels of PM2.5 (particles with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers) and PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometers). For comparison, the width of a human hair is between 50 and 70 micrometers. The objective of this research is to examine the heavy metal composition of the particulate matter including elements such as lead, copper, and zinc. We …

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Synthesis, Characterization, And Investigation Of Metal Ion Quenching In Fluorescent Carbon Dot Surrogates For Particulate Matter Black Carbon And Evaluation Of Cellular Health Effects Due To The Surrogate Materials, Christopher Lee Sumner Jr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Black carbon (BC) is an environmental pollutant of particular concern to many international organizations for both its health effects and environmental effects. Probing health effects of BC as produced in the environment is difficult due to the complex nature of environmental pollutants found in their naturally occurring state. Fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) were chosen to be used as a surrogate for BC. In the process of examining FCDs and their behavior as surrogates, information was gained on the health effects and behavior of FCDs as a class of nanomaterials for cell and tissue studies, which is outlined in this dissertation. …

Designing Peptides To Bind Kappa B Dna And Mimic Nf-Kappa B Protein Complexes, Nicholas A. Markowich

Honors College Theses

Transcription factors are important proteins that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis. Transcription factors can either boost the gene’s transcription rate by helping RNA polymerase activate transcription or restrict it by interfering with RNA polymerase, thereby repressing transcription. Nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) transcription factors are a family of proteins that control the synthesis of proteins involved in many cellular processes such as inflammatory and immune responses, cell growth, and apoptosis. However, the overexpression and activation of these transcription factors is linked to deadly conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases which currently have few safe cures. The goal of this research …

N3-Ligated Nickel(Ii) Diketonate Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization And Evaluation Of O2 Reactivity, Josiah G. D. Elsberg, Austin Peterson, Amy L. Fuller, Lisa M. Berreau

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Interest in O₂-dependent aliphatic carbon–carbon (C–C) bond cleavage reactions of first row divalent metal diketonate complexes stems from the desire to further understand the reaction pathways of enzymes such as DKE1 and to extract information to develop applications in organic synthesis. A recent report of O₂-dependent aliphatic C–C bond cleavage at ambient temperature in Ni(II) diketonate complexes supported by a tridentate nitrogen donor ligand [(MBBP)Ni(PhC(O)CHC(O)Ph)]Cl (7-Cl; MBBP = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine) in the presence of NEt₃ spurred our interest in further examining the chemistry of such complexes. A series of new TERPY-ligated Ni(II) diketonate complexes of the …

Karena Mckinney: Mapping A Clearer Picture Of Air Pollution's Effects, Christina Nunez

Colby Magazine

"If we want to control air quality and address climate change, the solution won't involve fiddling with nature's emissions-it will be about cleaning up man-made ones." -Karena McKinney, associate professor of atmospheric chemistry