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Articles 781 - 810 of 33132

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Creating Blender Animations To Help Students Visualize Organic Chemistry Concepts, Vasilina Vikareva, Jeffrey Hansen Oct 2025

Creating Blender Animations To Help Students Visualize Organic Chemistry Concepts, Vasilina Vikareva, Jeffrey Hansen

Annual Student Research Poster Session

Many students struggle with organic chemistry because they find it difficult to visualize molecular structures and interactions in three dimensions. Concepts like bond rotation for conformational isomers and intermolecular forces require strong spatial imagination, which traditional 2D drawings fail to develop effectively. This spatial visualization deficit contributes significantly to high failure rates and student anxiety in organic chemistry courses, creating a substantial barrier to success in STEM fields. This project aims to solve this problem by creating animations that demonstrate complex chemical concepts in clear, visual ways that enhance student comprehension and retention. The research methodology involves developing a comprehensive …

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Chemical And Sensory Attributes Of Different Ethanol Reduction Methods In Muscadine Wine Production, Alexandra A. Escalera, Patricia C. Patricio Morillo, Drew Budner, Katherine A. Thompson-Witrick, Andrew J. Macintosh Oct 2025

Chemical And Sensory Attributes Of Different Ethanol Reduction Methods In Muscadine Wine Production, Alexandra A. Escalera, Patricia C. Patricio Morillo, Drew Budner, Katherine A. Thompson-Witrick, Andrew J. Macintosh

Chemistry

There has been a recent shift in the global wine market towards reduced-alcohol wines. Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) have become a popular choice in many emerging markets; however, their suitability in reduced-alcohol wine production has not been extensively tested. In this study, methods to reduce ethanol in muscadine wine were compared to determine differences in chemical and sensory attributes and consumer preference. The methods evaluated included full fermentation time with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (control), reduced fermentation time with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (stopped fermentation), fermentation with Saccharomycodes ludwigii yeast (instead of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and vacuum distillation. The control and distilled wines were fermented …

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Laboratory Investigation Of High-Temperature Preformed Particle Gels For Fluid Control In Granite Cores For Geothermal Applications, K. Caleb Darko, Yanbo Liu, Thomas P. Schuman, Mingzhen Wei, Baojun Bai Oct 2025

Laboratory Investigation Of High-Temperature Preformed Particle Gels For Fluid Control In Granite Cores For Geothermal Applications, K. Caleb Darko, Yanbo Liu, Thomas P. Schuman, Mingzhen Wei, Baojun Bai

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

To understand the applicability of high-temperature preformed particle gel (HT-PPG) for control of short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs), core flooding experiments were conducted on fractured granite cores under varying fracture widths, gel particle sizes and swelling ratios. Key parameters such as injection pressure, water breakthrough pressure, and residual resistance factor were measured to evaluate HT-PPG performance. The gel exhibited strong injectability, entering granite fractures at pressure gradients as low as 0.656 MPa/m; HT-PPG yields a superior sealing performance by significantly reducing the permeability; and dehydration occurs during HT-PPG propagation, with a dehydration ratio ranging from 4.71% to 11.36%. This …

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Chemistry And Biochemistry Affiliated Publications: Snapshot Of The Research Publications 2019-2024., Jeremy J. Smith, Lutishoor Salisbury Oct 2025

Chemistry And Biochemistry Affiliated Publications: Snapshot Of The Research Publications 2019-2024., Jeremy J. Smith, Lutishoor Salisbury

University Libraries Faculty Publications and Presentations

This report highlights the chemistry and biochemistry faculty publications for the period 2019-2024. It includes tables identifying the types of publications, the characteristics of the authors, inter-departmental and external cooperation, summary of the citations of the publications, and the JCR ranking of the journals in which they published.

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Use Of Modified Z-Domain Peptides To Specifically Label The Constant Region Of Immunoglobulin G And Vegf, Madeline Allen Oct 2025

Use Of Modified Z-Domain Peptides To Specifically Label The Constant Region Of Immunoglobulin G And Vegf, Madeline Allen

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Antibodies are increasingly being used in medicinal therapies due to their ability to specifically bind to a target antigen. This fundamental behavior of antibodies has been used as a key component in drug development to address common problems with traditional drug molecules such as off-targeting, fast drug clearance, and low efficacy. This thesis provides some background into how antibodies can be used as potential treatments for a few diseases. Chapter 1 begins with an overview of the human immune system, and the role antibodies play within it. Then, the variety of ways in which antibodies can be used as medicinal …

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Investigating The Redox Properties Of Photoredox Catalysts And Organic Compounds Through Quantum Chemistry, Peter Girnt Oct 2025

Investigating The Redox Properties Of Photoredox Catalysts And Organic Compounds Through Quantum Chemistry, Peter Girnt

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation explores the redox behavior of organic and organometallic systems using density functional theory (DFT), focusing on electron transfer mechanisms and structur –property relationships. The first study investigates the two-electron reduction of bianthrone isomers, revealing a potential-inverted ECE mechanism driven by isomerization and electronic destabilization. The second study examines ruthenium photoredox catalysts, showing that ligand fusion positions significantly affect redox potentials due to backbone dearomatization, while p extension has minimal impact. Together, these findings provide insight into redox tuning strategies and support the rational design of advanced catalysts and electroactive materials.

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Improved Extraction And Detection Of Disinfection Byproducts, Impacts Of Wildland-Urban Interface Wildfires On Drinking Water, And Change In Disinfection Byproducts Over Time In Chlorinated Vs. Chloraminated Distribution Systems, Patrick Thomas Justen Oct 2025

Improved Extraction And Detection Of Disinfection Byproducts, Impacts Of Wildland-Urban Interface Wildfires On Drinking Water, And Change In Disinfection Byproducts Over Time In Chlorinated Vs. Chloraminated Distribution Systems, Patrick Thomas Justen

Theses and Dissertations

Drinking water disinfection is critical to prevent the occurrence of waterborne pathogens in drinking water. However, disinfection causes the unintended formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) through the reaction of disinfectants (e.g., chlorine, chloramine) with natural organic matter (NOM), algal matter, or anthropogenic pollutants present in source waters. Exposure to DBPs is associated with increased bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, miscarriage, and birth defects. The U.S. EPA currently regulates eleven DBPs in drinking water—four trihalomethanes, five haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite. However, research shows that DBP related toxicity in drinking water is driven mainly by other, non-regulated DBPs, particularly iodinated DBPs and …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Lanthanide Extended Structures And Their Novel Transuranic Analogues, Hunter Bernard Tisdale Oct 2025

Synthesis And Characterization Of Lanthanide Extended Structures And Their Novel Transuranic Analogues, Hunter Bernard Tisdale

Theses and Dissertations

The United States owns a substantial amount of radioactive waste as a result of decades of research, weapons manufacturing, and nuclear energy production. As nuclear energy and research continue to add to our stockpiles of waste, the issue of remediating this waste becomes more pressing. Many of the radioactive constituents of this waste, such as the transuranic (Z > 92) elements, will give off radioactivity at harmful levels for millennia. Thus, a robust method of storing this waste is paramount to ensuring public safety. Currently, nuclear waste is being processed by vitrifying it in borosilicate glass. However, this method has shortcomings …

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Synthesis Of Nitrogen-Enriched 3d Graphene Foam For Electrochemical Sensing Of Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂), Bhargavi Dronavalli, Madhava Rao Vallabhaneni, Jatla Murali Prakash, Deepti Kolli, Dandamudi Srilaxmi Sep 2025

Synthesis Of Nitrogen-Enriched 3d Graphene Foam For Electrochemical Sensing Of Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂), Bhargavi Dronavalli, Madhava Rao Vallabhaneni, Jatla Murali Prakash, Deepti Kolli, Dandamudi Srilaxmi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this work, A simple hydrothermal process was utilized to create 3D-foam-type Nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG). The synthesized material was characterized using a range of physicochemical characterization techniques. These techniques confirm that nitrogen is successfully incorporated into the carbon network, resulting in NDG. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) investigation demonstrated that NDG-modified glassy carbon electrode (NDG/GCE) displayed finite charge transfer properties against typical redox systems. NDG/GCE is identified as a simple, facile, and efficient electrocatalyst material for the estimation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). From CV analysis, it is revealed that NDG/GCE can produce a signal for electrochemical quantification of …

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Adsorption Of Cu(Ii) Ions From Aqueous Solutions Using A Magnetite Biochar Composite Material, Widi Aprilia Ta'bi, Paulina Taba, Abdul Wahid Wahab, Maming Gappa, Muhammad Zakir, Nur Umriani Permatasari Sep 2025

Adsorption Of Cu(Ii) Ions From Aqueous Solutions Using A Magnetite Biochar Composite Material, Widi Aprilia Ta'bi, Paulina Taba, Abdul Wahid Wahab, Maming Gappa, Muhammad Zakir, Nur Umriani Permatasari

Makara Journal of Science

Water contamination from heavy metals, such as Cu(II) ions, poses severe threats to human health and the environment. This necessitates the development of efficient and eco-friendly treatment methods. In this study, a magnetite–biochar composite (MBC) was developed as an effective adsorbent for reducing Cu(II) ions from liquid waste. Biochar was produced through the pyrolysis of water hyacinth at 500 °C, while magnetite was synthesized using FeSO₄·7H₂O and FeCl₃·6H₂O with molar ratio of 1:2. The MBC was formed using a co-precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and vibration sample magnetometer instruments. FTIR analysis …

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Bridging Materials And Energy Storage Mechanisms In Zn-I2 Batteries, Rong-Qi Liu, Wen-Shuo Shang, Jin-Tao Zhang Sep 2025

Bridging Materials And Energy Storage Mechanisms In Zn-I2 Batteries, Rong-Qi Liu, Wen-Shuo Shang, Jin-Tao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries have emerged as a compelling candidate for large-scale energy storage, driven by the growing demand for safe, cost-effective, and sustainable alternatives to conventional systems. Benefiting from the inherent advantages of aqueous electrolytes and zinc metal anodes, including high ionic conductivity, low flammability, natural abundance, and high volumetric capacity, Zn-I2 batteries offer significant potential for grid-level deployment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in three critical domains: positive-electrode engineering, zinc anode stabilization, and in situ characterization methods. On the cathode side, anchoring iodine to conductive matrices effectively mitigates polyiodide shuttling and enhances …

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Series Reports From Professor Wei’S Group Of Chongqing University: Advancements In Electrochemical Energy Conversions (2/4): Report 2: High-Performance Water Splitting Electrocatalysts, Ling Zhang, Wang-Yang Wu, Qiu-Yue Hu, Shi-Dan Yang, Li Li, Rui-Jin Liao, Zi-Dong Wei Sep 2025

Series Reports From Professor Wei’S Group Of Chongqing University: Advancements In Electrochemical Energy Conversions (2/4): Report 2: High-Performance Water Splitting Electrocatalysts, Ling Zhang, Wang-Yang Wu, Qiu-Yue Hu, Shi-Dan Yang, Li Li, Rui-Jin Liao, Zi-Dong Wei

Journal of Electrochemistry

The unavailability of high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts has impeded the large-scale deployment of alkaline water electrolyzers. Professor Zidong Wei’s group has focused on resolving critical challenges in industrial alkaline electrolysis, particularly elucidating hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) mechanisms while addressing the persistent activity-stability trade-off. This review summarizes their decade-long progress in developing advanced electrodes, analyzing the origins of sluggish alkaline HER kinetics and OER stability limitations. Professor Wei proposes a unifying “12345 Principle” as an optimization framework. For HER electrocatalysts, they have identified that metal/metal oxide interfaces create synergistic “chimney effect” and “local electric field enhancement effect”, enhancing selective …

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Local Electric Fields Coupled With Cl− Fixation Strategy For Improving Seawater Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance, Yu-Rong Liu, Miao Zhang, Yan-Hui Yu, Ya-Lin Liu, Jing Li, Xiao-Dong Shi, Zhen-Ye Kang, Dao-Xiong Wu, Peng Rao, Ying Liang, Xin-Long Tian Sep 2025

Local Electric Fields Coupled With Cl− Fixation Strategy For Improving Seawater Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance, Yu-Rong Liu, Miao Zhang, Yan-Hui Yu, Ya-Lin Liu, Jing Li, Xiao-Dong Shi, Zhen-Ye Kang, Dao-Xiong Wu, Peng Rao, Ying Liang, Xin-Long Tian

Journal of Electrochemistry

Development of robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a seawater electrolyte is the key to realize seawater electrolyte-based zinc-air batteries (SZABs). Herein, constructing a local electric field coupled with chloride ions (Cl−) fixation strategy in dual single-atom catalysts (DSACs) was proposed, and the resultant catalyst delivered considerable ORR performance in a seawater electrolyte, with a high half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.868 V and a good maximum power density (Pmax) of 182 mW·cm−2 in the assembled SZABs, much higher than those of the Pt/C catalyst (E1/2: 0.846 V; Pmax: 150 mW·cm−2 …

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Significantly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity In Co-N-C Catalysts Through Synergistic Boron Doping, Chang Lan, Jing-Sen Bai, Xin Guan, Shuo Wang, Nan-Shu Zhang, Yu-Qing Cheng, Jin-Jing Tao, Yu-Yi Chu, Mei-Ling Xiao, Chang-Peng Liu, Wei Xing Sep 2025

Significantly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity In Co-N-C Catalysts Through Synergistic Boron Doping, Chang Lan, Jing-Sen Bai, Xin Guan, Shuo Wang, Nan-Shu Zhang, Yu-Qing Cheng, Jin-Jing Tao, Yu-Yi Chu, Mei-Ling Xiao, Chang-Peng Liu, Wei Xing

Journal of Electrochemistry

The weak adsorption energy of oxygen-containing intermediates on Co center leads to a considerable performance disparity between Co-N-C and costly Pt benchmark in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, we strategically engineer the active site structure of Co-N-C via B substitution, which is accomplished by the pyrolysis of ammonium borate. During this process, the in-situ generated NH3 gas plays a critical role in creating surface defects and boron atoms substituting nitrogen atoms in the carbon structure. The well-designed CoB1N3 active site endows Co with higher charge density and stronger adsorption energy toward oxygen species, …

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Unraveling Crop Nitrogen-Water Dynamics With Hyperspectral-Thermal Sensing In Northern Central Valley, California, Shahryar Fazli, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Joshua B. Fisher, Rejoice Thomas, Fernando Romero Galvan, Gabriela Shirkey, Hesham El-Askary Sep 2025

Unraveling Crop Nitrogen-Water Dynamics With Hyperspectral-Thermal Sensing In Northern Central Valley, California, Shahryar Fazli, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Joshua B. Fisher, Rejoice Thomas, Fernando Romero Galvan, Gabriela Shirkey, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Ensuring global food security in the face of climate change requires optimizing crop water use and nutrient management. This study investigates the relationship between canopy nitrogen (N) and evapotranspiration (ET) across sunflower, rice, walnut, alfalfa, and plum crops using advanced remote sensing technologies. High-resolution hyperspectral data from NASAs Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) and thermal multispectral data from the Landsat-based OpenET system were analyzed over 1,135 km2 in California. Regression analysis revealed strong spatial association between canopy N and ET for sunflower (R2 = 0.82), rice (R2 = 0.71), and walnut (R2 = 0.68), …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Fe-Zn Bimetallic Nanoparticles Via Two-Step Laser Ablation And Their Antibacterial Activity, Hudhaifa M. Mohammed, Sahar Naji Rashid Sep 2025

Synthesis And Characterization Of Fe-Zn Bimetallic Nanoparticles Via Two-Step Laser Ablation And Their Antibacterial Activity, Hudhaifa M. Mohammed, Sahar Naji Rashid

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, Nd: YAG laser at a wavelength of (1064 nm), energies of (300 and 400 mJ), and a pulse repetition rate of (3 Hz) was used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles from iron and zinc individually using a one-step pulsed laser ablation approach, followed by the two-step synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. The physical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were then investigated using UV-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The results of characterization of the obtained NPs confirmed the formation of core-shell nanocomposites, as evidenced by the increased absorbance intensity of …

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Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, And Antibacterial Testing Of Silver–Cadmium Bimetallic Bionanoparticles Prepared From The Sidaguri (Sida Rhombifolia L.) Extract, Fredryk Mandey, Anita Rahelea Rangga Bua, Ismi Sri Rahayu, Nur Umriani Permatasari Sep 2025

Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, And Antibacterial Testing Of Silver–Cadmium Bimetallic Bionanoparticles Prepared From The Sidaguri (Sida Rhombifolia L.) Extract, Fredryk Mandey, Anita Rahelea Rangga Bua, Ismi Sri Rahayu, Nur Umriani Permatasari

Makara Journal of Science

Herein, we successfully synthesized, characterized, and examined the antibacterial activity of silver–cadmium bimetallic bionanoparticles prepared by mixing the aqueous extract of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L.) and mixtures of silver nitrate and cadmium nitrate (yield = 0.2035 g). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and particle-size analysis, revealed that the products exhibited a maximum absorption wavelength of 427.5 nm with an absorbance intensity of 0.790; a face centered cubic structure; Ag and Cd mass percentages of 98.52% and 1.28%, respectively; an average molecular diameter of 43.8 nm, and a polydispersity index of …

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Antibacterial Activity Of Zno/Geopolymer Composite Granules And Their Potential Application In Water Treatment, Ziyan Tirta Maulitia, Putri Nur Angelina, Pipit Erlita Sari, Sri Sugiarti, Irma Isnafia Arief, Zaenal Abidin Sep 2025

Antibacterial Activity Of Zno/Geopolymer Composite Granules And Their Potential Application In Water Treatment, Ziyan Tirta Maulitia, Putri Nur Angelina, Pipit Erlita Sari, Sri Sugiarti, Irma Isnafia Arief, Zaenal Abidin

Makara Journal of Science

Water pollution has become a major global concern owing to its complexity and widespread impact. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most common bacterial contaminants in water sources, which pose significant threats to public health. To mitigate water contamination by these pathogenic microorganisms, developing and implementing effective water treatment technologies are essential. A promising approach involves using antibacterial water filtration systems. Herein, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal and precipitation methods as antibacterial agents for water treatment. These preparation methods required considerably low synthesis time. A capping agent was …

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The Effect Of Ozone Treatment On The Quality Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil, Sri Redjeki Setyawati, Singgih Wibowo Sep 2025

The Effect Of Ozone Treatment On The Quality Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil, Sri Redjeki Setyawati, Singgih Wibowo

Makara Journal of Science

This research demonstrates the successful production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using the transesterification method. A methoxide solution, formed by employing a base catalyst and alcohol, facilitated the conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters and glycerol as the byproduct. The conversion process yielded 74% biodiesel and 13.5% glycerol content, with the remaining proportion consisting of water and contaminants. The application of ozone (O3) aeration proved effective in reducing contaminants—such as alcohol, unreacted catalysts, food residues and water—by approximately 60%. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) testing affirmed that the biodiesel product—treated with O3 aeration—maintained its original …

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Effect Of Varying Chitosan Molecular Weights On The Morphology And Physical Characteristics Of Pva/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels, Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing, Halida Rahmi Luthfianti, William Xaveriano Waresindo, Marathur Rodhiyah, Nur’Aini Nafisah, Dian Ahmad Hapidin, Dhewa Edikresnha, Khairurrijal Khairurrijal Sep 2025

Effect Of Varying Chitosan Molecular Weights On The Morphology And Physical Characteristics Of Pva/Chitosan Composite Hydrogels, Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing, Halida Rahmi Luthfianti, William Xaveriano Waresindo, Marathur Rodhiyah, Nur’Aini Nafisah, Dian Ahmad Hapidin, Dhewa Edikresnha, Khairurrijal Khairurrijal

Makara Journal of Science

We employed the innovative freeze–thaw method to investigate the effect of chitosan (CS) molecular weights incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol on the morphology and physical characteristics of the hydrogel. This study aimed to unravel the intricate relationships between CS molecular weight variations, CS concentration, and the number of freeze–thaw cycles (4 or 6 cycles) on hydrogel swelling degree and weight loss. Incorporating CS improved the hydrogel structure and enhanced its porosity, resulting in remarkable increases in swelling degree ranging from 2 to 6 times the initial weight. Higher molecular weight CS (310,000–375,000 Da) exhibited a lower swelling degree than medium molecular …

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The Quality Of Bio-Pellets Made By Combining Walnut Kernel Shells (Canarium Indicum L.) From Bogor, Indonesia, And Palm Kernel Shells As Renewable Energy, Ani Iryani, Linda Jati Kusumawardani, Ronaldo Juniansyah Sep 2025

The Quality Of Bio-Pellets Made By Combining Walnut Kernel Shells (Canarium Indicum L.) From Bogor, Indonesia, And Palm Kernel Shells As Renewable Energy, Ani Iryani, Linda Jati Kusumawardani, Ronaldo Juniansyah

Makara Journal of Science

Using biomass as an energy source helps overcome the declining supply of fossil fuels. Bio-pellets—an energy product made from biomass—is one option that can be utilized. One source of biomass energy is walnut kernel shells. The walnut plant (Canarium indicum L.) is a forest tree grown in eastern Indonesia. The walnut plant is also located in the GOR Pajajaran area of Bogor City and has not been utilized for energy production. This study consists of three stages: 1) raw material preparation, 2) bio-pellet production, and 3) bio-pellet characterization in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8951:2020. Based on …

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Enhancing Science Learning Outcomes With Sitaya Miniature Media: A Quantitative Study Of Elementary Education, Gilang Kripsiyadi Praramdana, Hamdan Hamdan, Agus Gunawan, Fauziah Dwi Hijriani Sep 2025

Enhancing Science Learning Outcomes With Sitaya Miniature Media: A Quantitative Study Of Elementary Education, Gilang Kripsiyadi Praramdana, Hamdan Hamdan, Agus Gunawan, Fauziah Dwi Hijriani

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study investigates the impact of SITAYA Miniature media on the learning outcomes of grade VI students in science subjects at SDN 2 Darma. Conventional teaching methods, often less engaging for students, were identified as a significant factor contributing to low academic performance. The study employed a quantitative research approach, with a randomized sample of 43 students divided into an experimental group (24 students) and a control group (19 students). Pretest and posttest data were collected using a structured test instrument, and statistical analyses, including normality, homogeneity, t-tests, and N-Gain tests, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of SITAYA Miniature …

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Investigation Of The Physicochemical Behaviour Of Acidum Citricum Homoeopathic Dilutions At Temperatures From 293.15 K To 318.15 K By Using Volumetric, Acoustic And Viscometric Methods, Anil Kumar Nain, Neha Chaudhary, Raj Kumar Manchanda, Debadatta Nayak Sep 2025

Investigation Of The Physicochemical Behaviour Of Acidum Citricum Homoeopathic Dilutions At Temperatures From 293.15 K To 318.15 K By Using Volumetric, Acoustic And Viscometric Methods, Anil Kumar Nain, Neha Chaudhary, Raj Kumar Manchanda, Debadatta Nayak

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: The physicochemical properties of homoeopathic medicines have been gaining importance in elucidating the physicochemical behaviour (interactions) and, hence in establishing the presence of medicine at ultra-high dilutions. Objective: The present study is aimed to reconnoiter the existence of drug in ultra-diluted medicines and evidence regarding the physicochemical behaviour and prevailing interactions in the dilutions of Acidum citricum. Materials and Methods: The densities (ρ), ultrasonic speeds (u) and viscosities (η) of pure ethanol control (91% ethanol in water) and 33 dilutions of Acidum citricum of potencies across 1C to 200C at temperatures from …

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Green Synthesis Of Copper And Silver Nanostructured Particles From Eremurus Plant Extract And Comparison Of Their Optical Properties And Antibacterial Activities, Doaa Ayad Kamil, Ali F. Al-Rawaf, Mohammed Yarub Hani, H.H. Obeed, Tabarek Falah Deindee, Mohammed Ridha Shaeed Sep 2025

Green Synthesis Of Copper And Silver Nanostructured Particles From Eremurus Plant Extract And Comparison Of Their Optical Properties And Antibacterial Activities, Doaa Ayad Kamil, Ali F. Al-Rawaf, Mohammed Yarub Hani, H.H. Obeed, Tabarek Falah Deindee, Mohammed Ridha Shaeed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In the present investigation, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanostructured particles were synthesized from Eremurus plant by means of an environmentally benign methodology in which plant extracts served as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The resultant nanostructured particles were subjected to characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). XRD analysis confirmed development of Ag nanostructured particles with face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and also Cu nanostructured particles with cubic form. Moreover, the average crystallite dimensions obtained for Ag and Cu were 18.3 nm and 65.7 nm, …

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Epoxy Resin Co-Doped With 2,5-Diphenyloxazole And Cerium Fluoride Nanoparticles For Radiation Detection, Akapong Phunpueok, Jaruwan Seangrit, Sarawut Jaiyen, Krittiya Sreebunpeng, Wuttichai Chaiphaksa, Kewalee Nilgumhang, Voranuch Thongpool Sep 2025

Fabrication And Characterization Of Epoxy Resin Co-Doped With 2,5-Diphenyloxazole And Cerium Fluoride Nanoparticles For Radiation Detection, Akapong Phunpueok, Jaruwan Seangrit, Sarawut Jaiyen, Krittiya Sreebunpeng, Wuttichai Chaiphaksa, Kewalee Nilgumhang, Voranuch Thongpool

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a plastic scintillator prepared from epoxy resin doped with 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) and cerium fluoride nanoparticles (CeF3 NPs) for radiation detection. The CeF3 NPs were prepared by a chemical process and examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); it was found that the prepared particles were true CeF3 NPs with an average particle size of approximately 17 nm. The CeF3 NPs were co-doped with PPO into epoxy resin and formed into a plastic scintillator of 3 cm in diameter and 2 cm in length. Analysis of …

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Hybrid Path Planner For Centralized Multi-Robotic Long-Vehicle Based On Adaptive Dimensionality And Grey Wolf Algorithm, Noor Kadhim Ayoob, Ali Hadi Hasan Sep 2025

Hybrid Path Planner For Centralized Multi-Robotic Long-Vehicle Based On Adaptive Dimensionality And Grey Wolf Algorithm, Noor Kadhim Ayoob, Ali Hadi Hasan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The present robot planning methods pay no attention to the impact of the robot's size and the space it occupies in the environment on path planning. This paper presents a centralized hybrid method to plan optimal paths for multiple robotic long vehicles (RLVs) competing with each other to reach one common goal, taking into account the space that must be available to the RLV at each step to avoid narrow spaces that are too small to pass through. The environment analysis for each RLV is improved by assigning constant weight to the obstacles and calculating two new parameters: safety (SF) …

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Allosteric Control Overcomes Steric Limitations For Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting Conserved Binding Epitopes Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein: Exploring The Intersection Of Binding, Allostery, And Immune Escape With A Multimodal Computational Approach, Mohammed Alshahrani, Vedant Parikh, Brandon Foley, Gennady M. Verkhivker Sep 2025

Allosteric Control Overcomes Steric Limitations For Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting Conserved Binding Epitopes Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein: Exploring The Intersection Of Binding, Allostery, And Immune Escape With A Multimodal Computational Approach, Mohammed Alshahrani, Vedant Parikh, Brandon Foley, Gennady M. Verkhivker

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Understanding the atomistic basis of multi-layer mechanisms employed by broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein without directly blocking receptor engagement remains an important challenge in coronavirus immunology. Class 4 antibodies represent an intriguing case: they target a deeply conserved, cryptic epitope on the receptor-binding domain yet exhibit variable neutralization potency across subgroups F1 (CR3022, EY6A, COVA1-16), F2 (DH1047), and F3 (S2X259). The molecular basis for this variability is not fully understood. Here, we employed a multi-modal computational approach integrating atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, mutational scanning, and dynamic network analysis to elucidate …

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Unveiling The Interplay Of Electronic And Phononic Excitations In Laser-Induced Oxygen Activation On Ru(0001), Xiangrui Wang, Jiamin Wang, Paul Spiering, Liping Liu, Jörg Meyer, Jerry L. Larue, Hongliang Xin Sep 2025

Unveiling The Interplay Of Electronic And Phononic Excitations In Laser-Induced Oxygen Activation On Ru(0001), Xiangrui Wang, Jiamin Wang, Paul Spiering, Liping Liu, Jörg Meyer, Jerry L. Larue, Hongliang Xin

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Understanding laser-induced dynamics on metal surfaces poses significant challenges due to the intricate interplay between electronic and phononic degrees of freedom, which evolve on distinct timescales. In this study, we introduce a machine learning-accelerated approach to molecular dynamics simulations that incorporates anisotropic electronic friction, providing deeper insights into these complex processes. Our framework extends the accessible time and length scales for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, enabling a detailed investigation of the laser-induced activation of oxygen on the Ru(0001) surface. Statistical analysis reveals that strong electronic excitation dominates the first 800 fs after laser exposure. Beyond this timescale, energy deposited by electronic …

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Influence Of Variable Climate On Mechanical Properties Of Composite Materials: An Experimental Study, Alexandra Tazhibaeva, Safaa M.R.H. Hussein, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Farid Shakirzyanov, Nikita Kharin, Igor Muravyev, Timur Agliullin, Gulshat Saleeva, Victor Mitryakin, Oleg Morozov, Oskar Sachenkov Sep 2025

Influence Of Variable Climate On Mechanical Properties Of Composite Materials: An Experimental Study, Alexandra Tazhibaeva, Safaa M.R.H. Hussein, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Farid Shakirzyanov, Nikita Kharin, Igor Muravyev, Timur Agliullin, Gulshat Saleeva, Victor Mitryakin, Oleg Morozov, Oskar Sachenkov

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study investigates the degradation of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites, fabricated via non-autoclave molding, under tropical climatic conditions across three regions over three years. Forty specimens (10 control, 30 exposed) with 2x2 twill weave and 0°/90° fiber orientation were subjected to tensile and compressive testing, microscopy, and X-ray computed tomography. Control specimens established baseline properties, while exposed specimens underwent three-year weathering. Statistical and principal component analyses revealed significant mechanical degradation, with tensile strength decreasing by up to 16.1% (p

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Impact Of Plasma-Activated Water On Breast Cancer Cell Viability, Maryam G. Jasim, Hammad R. Humud Sep 2025

Impact Of Plasma-Activated Water On Breast Cancer Cell Viability, Maryam G. Jasim, Hammad R. Humud

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Plasma-activated water (PAW) was generated using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system operating with a 1:1 mixture of nitrogen and argon gases to evaluate its cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Water samples were divided into five groups: 0 minutes (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes of plasma exposure. The resulting PAW was applied to cultured cells, and cell viability was assessed 24- and 48-hour post-treatment. Viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed an apparent time-dependent increase in cytotoxicity. At 24 hours, cell mortality rates were 1.9%, 40.7%, 48.1%, 53.6%, …

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