Chemistry Commons^™

Green Approach For Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis: Application In Antimicrobial And Anticancer- An Updated Review, Norul Aini Zakariya, Wan Hafizah W. Jusof, Shahnaz Majeed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Cancer and microbial infections create numerous challenges nowadays. Chemotherapy agents cause severe side effects, while microbial infections, especially multidrug-resistant bacterial strains hard to treat with available antibiotics. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with their physicochemical properties and mechanism of action . The IONPs causes cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity by causing oxidative distress through the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The IONPs as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent may help to overcome the limitation of conventional treatments but needs toxicity evaluation before usage in clinical applications.

A High Yield Method For Protoplast Isolation And Ease Detection Of Rol B And C Genes In The Hairy Roots Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea L.) Inoculated With Agrobacterium Rhizogenes, Qutaiba Shuaib Al-Nema, Ghazwan Qasim Hasan, Omar Abdulazeez Alhamd

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Protoplasts represent a unique experimental system for the circulation and formation of genetically modified plants. Here, protoplasts were isolated from genetically modified hairy root tissues of Brassica oleracea L. induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332). The concentration of enzyme solutions utilized for protoplast isolation was 1.5 % Cellulase YC and 0.1 % Pectolyase Y23 in 13% mannitol solution, which resulted in high efficiency of isolation within 8 hours, in which the protoplast yield was 2 × 104 cells ml-1 and the percentage of viability was 72%. Each protoplast has one nucleus with a nucleation of 48%. A polymerase chain …

Relationships Of Magnetic Properties And Heavy Metals Content Of Guano In Bat Cave, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Muhammad Arsyad, Vistarani Arini Tiwow, Meytij Jeanne Rampe, Henny Lieke Rampe

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Bat Cave is one of the caves with guano deposits in the Rammang-Rammang karst area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The guano deposits can indicate environmental changes in the cave. This study aims to analyze the magnetic properties and correlation between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in guano. Sampling was carried out in Bat Cave, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and magnetic susceptibility, XRD (mineralogy analysis), and XRF (heavy metal content analysis) were measured. The results showed that the guano sample contained superparamagnetic grains and stable single domain (SP-SSD) measuring -8m³/kg. The location of caves in karst areas and climate change …

Tapioca Starch In The Sol-Gel Synthesis Of Cobalt Ferrites With Divalent Cation Substitutions, Anuchit Hunyek, Chitnarong Sirisathitkul, Krit Koyvanich

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

An aqueous solution of tapioca starch was successfully used as a chelating agent in the sol-gel synthesis of Co0.7Me0.3Fe2O4, where Me denotes Co, Mn, Cu, Ni, or Zn. The hysteresis loops of all sintered ferrites revealed ferrimagnetic properties. The saturation magnetization was reduced in Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2O4 and Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4 because of the ion substitutions with smaller magnetic moments. Interestingly, Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2O4 exhibited the highest saturation magnetization and the lowest coercive field. This result demonstrates the value addition of local agricultural products in controlling nanoparticle formation during sol-gel synthesis.

Investigating The Nuclear Properties Of 162-172 Er Isotopes Using Ibm-1, Sef, And Nee, Amal M. Al-Nuaimi, R.B. Alkhayat, Mushtaq Abed Al-Jubbori

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The energy levels of the ground state band (GSB), , and γ-bands for 162-172Er isotopes are calculated in this work by adopting the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1), the Semi-Empirical Formula (SEF) and the New Empirical Equation (NEE). The GSB, , and γ-bands results revealed that IBM-1, SEF, NEE, and the available experimental data are all in agreement with certain variations. The NEE is more compatible with the experimental data than the IBM-1 and SEF calculations. This study demonstrates that the SEF and NEE equations are able to describe the energy spectra of Er isotopes in comparison to IBM-1. The Er …

Antimicrobial And Cytotoxic Properties Of Extracts From Over-Seasoned Worm-Casts Of The Earthworm Hyperiodrilus Africanus Beddard, 1891, Stephen Olugbemiga Owa, David Adeiza Otohinoyi, Theresa Ibibia Edewor-Ikupoyi, Adeolu Adeola Taiwo, Jenifer Akhere Okosun, Yvonne Oluchi Akujobi, Damilola Grace Oyewale, Tomilola Debby Olaolu, Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi, Osarenkhoe Omorefosa Osemwegie, Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

⦁ Background: Despite the continuous interest in the search for therapeutic agents, little attention has been given to the medicinal relevance of earthworm casts, with even less interest in over-seasoned worm-casts. Therefore, this study determined the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of over-seasoned worm-casts of the earthworm Hyperiodrilus africanus (Eudrilidae). Methods: The earthworm casts were extracted with n-hexane, ethanol, and water and the crude extracts were evaluated for the presence of chemical constituents and antimicrobial properties. Cytotoxicity was inferred from the antimitotic effects of the extracts on the radicles of germinating seeds of Sorghum bicolor. Results: The chemical constituent determinations …

A Review On The Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Activities Of Aristolochia Longa L., Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Matthew Iyobhebhe, Bukola Atunwa, Adebola Busola Ojo

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Aristolochia longa L. is a plant native to Algeria and Morocco that has been used by the locals to combat different arrays of infections and diseases found among them. This particular plant is well-known for its therapeutic qualities that could be traced back to the presence of many effective phytochemicals that have been extrapolated from the different parts of the plant, like the leaves and roots: flavonoids, saponins, tannins, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, β-carotenes, limonenes, and palmitic acids. This plant has been identified in different research articles to be able to manage diseases effectively because it possesses some pharmacological attributes such as; …

Applicability Limits Of The End Face Fiber-Optic Gas Concentration Sensor, Based On Fabry-Perot Interferometer, S.M.R.H. Hussein, A.Zh. Sakhabutdinov, O.G. Morozov, V.I. Anfinogentov, J.A. Tunakova, A.R. Shagidullin, A.A. Kuznetsov, K.A. Lipatnikov, A.R. Nasybullin

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The mathematical model of the fiber-optic sensor for gas concentration analysis is under study. The sensor is imple-mented as Fabry-Perot interferometer at the end face of the optical fiber by applying a thin polymer film, which permit-tivity depends on the tested gas concentration. It is shown, that a change in the properties of the optical fiber or the at-mosphere permittivity leads mainly to the spectrum contrast changing and does not change the period and the wave-length shift of its comb. The influence of the polymer film thickness, the environment temperature and humidity on the Fabry-Perot spectrum is analyzed. The necessity …

Molecular Docking Reveals Phytoconstituents Of The Methanol Extract From Muntingia Calabura As Promising Α-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Nurlena Andalia, Muhammad N. Salim, Nurdin Saidi, Muhammad Ridhwan, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Ummu Balqis

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Inhibition of α-glucosidase has been used as a management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where studies are focused on finding more efficacious and safe drugs. Herein, the research aimed to unveil the potential of phytoconstituents contained in methanol extract of Muntingia calabura leaves in inhibiting α-glucosidase through molecular docking simulation. From a systematic search (Scopus), we found 5 eligible articles and identified 28 phytocompounds. Fisetin, pinostrobin, and rhamnetin identified in M. calabura extract were predicted to have good bioavailability. Finally, fisetin was revealed as the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor candidate with a binding affinity of -7.5 kcal/mol.

A Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent - Protonated L-Proline-Xylitol - Based Stationary Phase For Gas Chromatography, Malwina Momotko, Justyna Łuczak, Andrzej Przyjazny, Grzegorz Boczkaj

Natural Sciences Publications

The paper presents a new kind of stationary phase for gas chromatography based on deep eutectic solvents (DES) in the form of a mixture of L-proline (protonated with hydrochloric acid) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and xylitol as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a molar ratio of HBA:HBD 5:1. DES immobilized on a silanized chromatographic support was tested by gas chromatography (GC) in order to determine its resolving power for volatile organic compounds. Studies have demonstrated the suitability of this type of DES as a stationary phase for GC. The Rohrschneider-McReynolds constants were determined for the synthesized DES, …

Mercury Methylation Potentials In Sediments Of An Ancient Cypress Wetland Using Species-Specific Isotope Dilution Gc-Icp-Ms, Derek D. Bussan, Chris Douvris, James V. Cizdziel

Faculty and Student Publications

Wetlands are of a considerable environmental value as they provide food and habitat for plants and animals. Several important chemical transformations take place in wetland media, including the conversion of inorganic mercury (Hg) to monomethylmercury (MeHg), a toxic compound with a strong tendency for bioconcentration. Considering the fact that wetlands are hotspots for Hg methylation, we investigated, for the first time, Hg methylation and demethylation rates in an old growth cypress wetland at Sky Lake in the Mississippi Delta. The Sky Lake ecosystem undergoes large-scale water level fluctuations causing alternating periods of oxic and anoxic conditions in the sediment. These …

The Ability Of Sweat And Buffer Solutions To Reduce Hexavalent Chromium Of Relevance For Leather Extraction, Alexandra Wright, Lila Laundry-Mottiar, Yolanda Hedberg

Chemistry Publications

The European Union restricted the amount of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in leather in 2015, but skin allergy cases due to Cr-tanned leather are not declining. Standardized extraction methods have been criticized to both over- and underestimate the expected amount of bioavailable Cr(VI) in leather. This study aims to evaluate the ability of four extraction solutions to reduce or preserve Cr(VI): artificial sweat solutions (ASWs) of pH 4.7, 6.5, and 8.0, and phosphate buffer (PB) of pH 8.0. This was investigated by incubating each solution with added Cr(VI) as a function of time, and then measuring the recovered Cr(VI). All solutions, …

Using Student Teaching Evaluations To Assess The Efficacy Of A Robert Noyce Teaching Scholarship In Preparing Candidates For Culturally-Responsive Practices, Teresa J. Bixby, Lauren Landando

Chemistry Department Faculty Articles

The goal of the NSF Robert Noyce Teaching Scholarship is to attract and support highly qualified STEM majors to become secondary-education teachers that are prepared to teach in high-needs schools. At Lewis University program activities targeted 1) teaching diverse learners, 2) inquiry and active-learning pedagogies, and 3) strengthening content knowledge. When the climate in education changed nationally mid-grant, activities to explicitly address culturally-relevant practices were developed. Since this emphasis was not directly addressed in the grant evaluation, here the use of student teaching evaluations as a tool to assess preparation in culturally-relevant practices is explored. Although some distinctions between Noyce …

Self-Assembling Peptides: From Fundamental Design To Therapeutic Applications, Weike Chen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Supramolecular peptide-based biomaterials have attracted much attention from researchers in various science and engineering fields because of the ease of synthesis and precise control over structures and physicochemical properties on multiple length levels. Self-assembled peptides have shown great potential as functional biomaterials for both diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In Chapter 1, I will introduce several self-assembled peptide systems in terms of molecular design, structure characterization, and their biological applications. In particular, I will discuss new peptide self-assemblies with trigger-responsive properties for targeted molecular imaging and therapy. In Chapter 2, I will focus on peptide self-assembly that can target …

Isolation Of Proteins And Extracellular Vesicles Via Capillary-Channeled Polymer Fiber Stationary Phases, Lacey Billotto

All Theses

Capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber stationary phases have been developed by the Marcus lab as an alternative approach to traditional, commercially-available silica-based supports for biomacromolecule separations. C-CP columns are created with natural and synthetic base polymers in a variety of chemistries and shapes, allowing for customization of separations, while providing low material costs and ease of construction. The stationary phase is virtually nonporous with respect to the size of proteins and can operate under high linear velocities (~100 mm s^-1) while maintaining relatively low backpressures. As a result of these hydrodynamic benefits, low flow resistance at high volume flow …

Computational Materials Chemistry: From Polymer Precursors To Ceramics And High-Pressure Materials, Shariq Haseen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

With advances in computing power, the field of computational chemistry has flourished. Using current computational resources, atomistic simulations of billion atoms and trillions of atoms have been performed. Computational techniques can be used to support experimental investigations into new materials as well as independently predict the existence of new materials. Furthermore, computational techniques are becoming instrumental in investigations. This work is split into two parts. Part I focuses on high-pressure and materials chemistry. We investigate the cristobalite-rutile transformation for SiO2, GeO2, and TiO2, and predict conditions at which cristobalite-GeO2 and cristobalite-TiO2 may be synthesized (Chapter 1), we provide supporting calculations …

Stimuli-Responsive Peptide Self-Assembly For Therapeutic Delivery, Su Yang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Peptide self-assembly offers an effective method to generate supramolecular nanomaterials with much higher stability than traditional monomeric peptides. The materials exhibit well-organized hierarchical structures and high resistance toward proteolysis and have been utilized extensively in various biomedical applications. Furthermore, due to the prevalence of non-covalent interactions, these structures are highly dynamic. The dynamic nature is beneficial for the design and synthesis of smart, trigger-responsive peptide selfassembly under specific stimulus, in particular various stimuli associated with disease conditions. In Chapter 1, I will introduce different types of peptide building blocks used for the construction of peptide self-assembly. I will further discuss …

Application Of A 14c-Assay To Assess Methanotrophic Biodegradation Of Tce In Low Ph Groundwater, Evan Groome

All Theses

Current biological strategies for remediating trichloroethylene (TCE) in low pH aquifers (i.e., pH14C-TCE assay was developed to determine pseudo first-order rate constants for the degradation of TCE in microcosms containing soil and groundwater from the Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (BOMARC) superfund site, where the pH ranges from 4.1 to 4.9. The ¹⁴C-TCE assay was also adapted to calculate soil-normalized rate constants for data from this site, as well as data that Szwast²¹ collected from the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC). In addition to natural attenuation, biostimulation through amendments of methane and nutrients were also assessed. This treatment …

Lncrteo6 (Ln= La, Pr, Nd) Octahedral Distortions And Optical Characterization, Katheryn R. Cruz

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

LnCrTeO6 (La, Pr, Nd) compounds are suspected to appear as vibrant blue-green colored materials. LnCrTeO6 (La, Pr, Nd) were synthesized to analyze the local coordination environments of Ln3+, Cr3+, and Te6+ cations. Structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical properties were examined using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). DRS data was further processed using the Kubelka-Munk function and a Tauc plot was generated to determine the direct and indirect band gap of these semiconducting materials. The superstructure peak corresponding to the (101) plane displayed relatively weak intensities in all samples and decreased in intensity from La to Nd. …

Chemically Modified Cyclofructans For Sub/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography And Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography, Sepideh Khaki Firooz

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

Given the importance of supercritical fluid chromatography, several works focused on the application use different SFC stationary phases. In this work, two new derivatized cyclofructan bonded phases with superficially porous particles are introduced in SFC. Sulfonic acid and benzoic acid groups were covalently linked to the cyclofructan molecule to make them polar and hydrophilic. These derivatives were then bonded to superficially porous particles for high-efficiency separations. This work also shows the effect of adding a small amount of water to the modified mobile phases in SFC. Traces of water in the co-solvent enhances the peak symmetry and efficiency of these …

Filarial Nematode Phenotypic Screening Cascade To Identify Compounds With Anti-Parasitic Activity For Drug Discovery Optimization, Natalie Hawryluk, Li Zhiru, Clotilde Carlow, Suzanne Gokool, Simon Townson, Tamara Kreiss, Agnieszka Chojnowski, Monika Prorok, John Siekierka, Alexandra Ehrens, Marianne Koschel, Nathaly Lhermitte-Vallarino, Coralie Martin, Achim Hoerauf, Geraldine Hernandez, Stacie Canan

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Filarial diseases, including lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, are considered among the most devastating of all tropical diseases, affecting over 86 million people worldwide. To control and more rapidly eliminate onchocerciasis requires treatments that target the adult stage of the parasite. Drug discovery efforts are challenged by the lack of preclinical animal models using the human-pathogenic filariae, requiring the use of surrogate parasites for Onchocerca volvulus for both ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Herein, we describe a platform utilizing phenotypic ex vivo assays consisting of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, microfilariae and adult filariae of the bovine filariae Onchocerca lienalis …

Synthetic Studies On Oxidative Dearomatization Reactions And Applications In Synthesis Of The Kb343 Core Structure, And Investigation Of Bioactive Thiazolidines, Marian Awadalla

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Natural products have inspired researchers over the years due to their complexity and biological activity. Organic chemists have made great efforts to investigate new unambiguous methodologies toward the synthesis of these complex structures. Moreover, the synergy between total chemical synthesis and medicinal applications to evaluate the biological activity of the isolated compounds significantly raised the desire for discovery of novel synthetic approaches. The research described in this dissertation focuses on oxidative dearomatization reactions as a key reaction to construct natural products. The three specific aims are as follows: Aim 1: investigation of the applications of oxidative dearomatization reactions for different …

Pesticide-Leaf Interactions And Their Implications For Pesticide Fate Modeling, Ashlie Kinross

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The work described here provides measured data to improve the understanding of the interaction between a pesticide and leaf surface after application. Two methods were developed, one using a newly introduced instrument, for the extraction of pesticides from leaves. This is required to measure the concentration of pesticide in the leaves. Using one of the developed extraction methods, measurements were made to determine how a pesticide equilibrates between a leaf and the air above it. These measurements were incorporated into a pesticide fate model that predicts how a pesticide moves through the environment after application to an agricultural field. The …

Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Triazole Based Glycoconjugates And 4,6-Acetal Protected D-Glucosamine Derivatives As Low Molecular Weight Gelators, Pooja Sharma

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are small molecules that can form gels in either organic solvents or water in their pure form or as mixtures. LMWGs self-assemble through noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic forces in solvents. They have shown great potential in biomedical industry, catalysis and environmental remediation to name a few. Moreover, the formation of metallogels can be used for detection of various ions as well as catalysis, which adds a new dimension to their applications. Among many classes of LMWGs based on the type of functional groups used, carbohydrate …

Clostridioides Difficile Biofilm And Spore Production In Response To Antibiotics And Immune Stress, Adenrele M. Oludiran

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The development of new therapeutic options against Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a critical public health concern, as the causative bacterium is highly resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. C. difficile, an anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium, is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. C. difficile persists in the environment and spreads the infection to new hosts in the form of dormant spores and can persist within hosts as surface-attached biofilms. These studies investigate bacterial vegetative cell survival, biofilm formation, and sporulation in response to stress. Antimicrobial host-defense peptides (HDPs) are highly effective at simultaneously modulating …

Development Of High Quantum Efficiency Strained Superlattice Spin Polarized Photocathodes Via Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, Benjamin Belfore

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Spin polarized photocathodes are necessary to examine parity violations and other fundamental phenomena in the field of high energy physics. To create these devices, expensive and complicated growth processes are necessary. While integral to accelerator physics, spin polarized electrons could have other exciting applications in materials science and other fields of physics. In order to explore these other applications feasibly, the relative supply of spin polarized photocathodes with a high rate of both polarization and photoemission needs to be increased. One such way to increase this supply is to develop the means to grow them faster and at a larger …

Understanding Dynamics Of Polymers Under Confinement: A Molecular Dynamics And Neutron Scattering Study, Supun Samindra Kamkanam Mohottalalage

All Dissertations

The current study probes the structure, dynamics, and rheological behavior of associating polymers including ionomers in melts and solutions as well as conjugated polymers confined into nanoparticles, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and neutron scattering techniques. The study focuses on two families of associative polymers, ion containing macromolecules and conjugated polymers.

Polymers that consist of ionizable groups along their backbone found uses in a broad range of applications. Examples include light weight energy storage and generation systems, and biomedical applications, where the polymers act as ion exchange membranes, and actuators. The ionic groups tend to form clusters that are in …

Invited Perspective: Existing Rules For Disinfection By-Products Are Good, But They Are Not Enough, Susan D. Richardson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Hierarchically Structured Photoelectrodes Via Atomic Layer Deposition, Justin Rowan Reed Demoulpied

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the search for a sustainable method to meet increasing energy needs, solar energy emerges as an underutilized, plentiful resource. Solar intermittency and requirements for transportation necessitate storing solar energy in the form of chemical bonds via artificial photosynthesis. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting generates hydrogen fuel from solar energy and water. A semiconducting material that successfully meets the complex requirements for building an industrially scalable PEC device has yet to emerge. This is leading to a reevaluation of materials previously overlooked within PEC research, mainly materials with limitations such as minimal charge carrier mobility and propensity to corrosion under illumination …

Neoglycoproteins As Potential Biomarkers And Vaccines For Chagas Disease, Elisa Garcia Carvajal

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease (CD), currently affects 6-8 million people worldwide, predominantly in Latin America, where the parasite is endemic. The treatment of CD is based on two drugs, benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX). These drugs cause adverse effects and are more effective in the acute phase of the disease. Conventional serology assays can be used for diagnosis, but they are not suitable for determining chemotherapy effectiveness because patients take approximately 10-20 years to exhibit negative seroconversion. Although CD has become a global health problem, specific biomarkers are still needed for the follow-up of chemotherapy and …