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Articles 10441 - 10470 of 33243

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Analysis Of Dl-Amino Acid Ratios In Eggshells Using Reverse Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Gergana Milkova Apr 2019

Analysis Of Dl-Amino Acid Ratios In Eggshells Using Reverse Phase-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Gergana Milkova

Honors Theses

HPLC methodology was developed to determine the concentrations and ratios of D to L amino acids in emu and ostrich eggshells treated with heat at different temperatures . We aimed to determine an internal standard and how ratios were affected under different conditions. An HPLC method was determined that gave consistent retention times and satisfactory enantioseparation . Calibration curves for each amino acid were developed from single and multi-amino acid containing dilution series producing a model that most closely replicates the eggshell-extracted amino acids.

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Application Of The Picoloyl Group In Carbohydrate Chemistry, Michael Mannino Apr 2019

Application Of The Picoloyl Group In Carbohydrate Chemistry, Michael Mannino

Dissertations

Stereocontrol of glycosylation reactions is a constant struggle in the field of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The application of the picoloyl (Pico) substituent can offer numerous stereocontrolling avenues. The most popular application is the Hydrogen-bond-mediated Aglycone Delivery (HAD) method that provides excellent selectivity in the glycosylation of a variety of sugar substrates. The HAD method relies on the formation of an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of the Pico substituent on the glycosyl donor with the hydroxyl group of the glycosyl acceptor. This interaction provides a facial preference for the nucleophilic attack and hence provides powerful stereocontrol for the …

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A Non-Natural Nucleotide Uses A Specific Pocket To Selectively Inhibit Telomerase Activity, Wilnelly Hernandez-Sanchez, Wei Huang, Brian Plucinsky, Nelson Garcia-Vazquez, Nathaniel J. Robinson, William P. Schiemann, Anthony J. Berdis, Emmanuel Skordalakes, Derek J. Taylor Apr 2019

A Non-Natural Nucleotide Uses A Specific Pocket To Selectively Inhibit Telomerase Activity, Wilnelly Hernandez-Sanchez, Wei Huang, Brian Plucinsky, Nelson Garcia-Vazquez, Nathaniel J. Robinson, William P. Schiemann, Anthony J. Berdis, Emmanuel Skordalakes, Derek J. Taylor

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Telomerase, a unique reverse transcriptase that specifically extends the ends of linear chromosomes, is up-regulated in the vast majority of cancer cells. Here, we show that an indole nucleotide analog, 5-methylcarboxyl-indolyl-2′-deoxyriboside 5′-triphosphate (5-MeCITP), functions as an inhibitor of telomerase activity. The crystal structure of 5-MeCITP bound to the Tribolium castaneum telomerase reverse transcriptase reveals an atypical interaction, in which the nucleobase is flipped in the active site. In this orientation, the methoxy group of 5-MeCITP extends out of the canonical active site to interact with a telomerase-specific hydrophobic pocket formed by motifs 1 and 2 in the fingers domain and …

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Semi-Quantitative Characterization Of Secondary Science Teachers’ Use Of Three-Dimensional Instruction, Senetta F. Bancroft, Deborah Herrington, Roxana Dumitrache Apr 2019

Semi-Quantitative Characterization Of Secondary Science Teachers’ Use Of Three-Dimensional Instruction, Senetta F. Bancroft, Deborah Herrington, Roxana Dumitrache

Peer Reviewed Articles

This quasi-experimental study evaluated middle- and high-school science teachers’ implementation of three-dimensional (3D) instruction as defined by the Next Generation Science Standards. Teachers participated in a long-term professional development (PD) program designed to increase their use of inquiry-based science instruction. We describe our semi-quantitative adaptation of the Educators Evaluating the Quality of Instructional Products: Science rubric version 2 (SQ-EQuIP) to facilitate the longitudinal evaluation of teacher practices with 3D instruction. SQ-EQuIP evaluations revealed that after two years, 80% of PD teachers implemented lessons where students were explicitly and coherently engaged in 3D learning, compared with 22% of comparison teachers. …

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Isolation And Characterization Of Novel Arginine-Derived Heterocyclic Amines, Nathaniel Srikureja Apr 2019

Isolation And Characterization Of Novel Arginine-Derived Heterocyclic Amines, Nathaniel Srikureja

Honors Theses

Most known heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are potent mutagens present at significant concentrations in cooked meats, and can be synthesized from burned mixtures of L-creatin(in)e with various amino acids. We hypothesize that novel mutagenic HCAs may be synthesized from a heated plant-based food simulating binary amino acid mL'\:ture: L-arginine and L-threonine. A two-part solid phase extraction was used to separate nitrogen heterocycles from byproducts followed by prep­ HPLC and the Ames mutagenicity assay using Salmonella TA98 to determine the mutagenicity of various isolates. The results indicate that this binary amino acid mixture does not yield a mutagenic sample.

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The Potential Of Marine Microbes, Flora And Fauna In Drug Discovery, Santana Alexa Lavonia Thomas Apr 2019

The Potential Of Marine Microbes, Flora And Fauna In Drug Discovery, Santana Alexa Lavonia Thomas

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Natural products are chemical compounds synthesized by a living organism. These compounds have been utilized by humans from ancient times to the present for their pharmacological and biological activities. Terrestrial organisms are considered a lucrative source of bioactive compounds and chemical diversity. Within the past 60 years, the marine environment has presented its potential as a validated source for structural diversity and biologically active compounds. Technology has given access from shallow waters down to the abyssal plane for exploration and investigation of the inhabitants. Marine organisms have displayed their benefits in the pharmaceutical industry with the approval of several marine-derived …

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Hour-Level Resolution On Consumption Pattern Of Substance Abuse, Jarrett Mauk, Rhiannon Huffines, Brittney Nelson, Tara Croft, Bikram Subedi Apr 2019

Hour-Level Resolution On Consumption Pattern Of Substance Abuse, Jarrett Mauk, Rhiannon Huffines, Brittney Nelson, Tara Croft, Bikram Subedi

Scholars Week

Conventional survey-based approaches of determining the consumption statistics of drugs in communities are suffered from non-response biases, and typically underestimate the actual consumption. Time and cost-intensive conventional approaches, therefore, can’t be utilized to determine high-resolution temporal variability in drug consumption. In this study, the temporal trend of consumption of 10 illicit and 26 prescribed neuropsychiatric drugs was determined at hour-level resolution utilizing wastewater-based epidemiology. The hourly composite raw wastewater (every 10 minutes) samples were collected for three consecutive days in a typical week (total of 72 samples), analyzed for target drug residues using UPLC-MS/MS, and back-calculated the consumption rate of …

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Uncertainties Treatment For Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Estimation Of The Consumption Of Illicit And Prescribed Neuropsychiatric Drugs In Two Urban Communities In Kentucky Using Ammonium Normalized Population And Monte Carlo Simulation, Rhinannon Huffines, Tara Croft, Manoj Pathak, Bikram Subedi Apr 2019

Uncertainties Treatment For Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Estimation Of The Consumption Of Illicit And Prescribed Neuropsychiatric Drugs In Two Urban Communities In Kentucky Using Ammonium Normalized Population And Monte Carlo Simulation, Rhinannon Huffines, Tara Croft, Manoj Pathak, Bikram Subedi

Scholars Week

The conventional estimation of the prevalence of substance use in a community based on self-reported surveys typically underestimates the actual consumption. Drug’s residues in raw wastewater collected from the centralized wastewater treatment plants were utilized – Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) – to determine the consumption rate of illicit and prescribed neuropsychiatric residues in two urban communities in eastern Kentucky and two rural communities in western Kentucky. The ammonical nitrogen content in raw wastewater samples was used to minimize the uncertainty associated with the population dynamicity. Uncertainties associated with the several WBE parameters to back-calculate the consumption rate of drugs such as …

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Sir J. Fraser Stoddart To Speak At Andrews, Desmond Murray Apr 2019

Sir J. Fraser Stoddart To Speak At Andrews, Desmond Murray

Andrews Agenda: Campus News

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Cannabidiol And Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentration On Breast Cancer Cells, Dorothy Agyemang Apr 2019

The Effects Of Cannabidiol And Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentration On Breast Cancer Cells, Dorothy Agyemang

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are phytocannabinoids that have a potential impact on cancer treatments. Studies have shown that certain cannabinoids cause cancer cells to die, but only with the right concentration, which has not been well documented. The purpose of this study is to determine the exact concentration of CBD and THC needed to kill MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In this experiment, the initial treatment group will be treated with CBD or THC at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micromolar. These concentrations were arbitrarily chosen because there is not an established baseline. Cell metabolic activity will …

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The Iupac Gold Book Website, Stuart J. Chalk Apr 2019

The Iupac Gold Book Website, Stuart J. Chalk

Showcase of Faculty Scholarly & Creative Activity

In the past 100 years IUPAC has become well known for the development of nomenclature standards for chemicals and terminology for communication of chemically related concepts. Initially published in IUPAC's Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC), terminology recommendations have been incorporated into the IUPAC Color Books published by the divisions. Subsequently, many terms from the color books have been incorporated into the Gold Book - the Compendium of Chemical Terminology. While the work to date as been focused on the standardization of concept (term) definitions for human use, the aggregated set of all PAC recommendations on terminology constitutes a corpus of …

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Fluoride Removal From Water Using A 3d Printed Calcium Carbonate Filter, Sophia Bakar, David Kahler, Benjamin S. Goldschmidt Apr 2019

Fluoride Removal From Water Using A 3d Printed Calcium Carbonate Filter, Sophia Bakar, David Kahler, Benjamin S. Goldschmidt

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

Groundwater containing high concentrations of fluoride is the most common source of drinking water in rural areas in parts of east Africa, India, and China. The elevated levels of fluoride cause skeletal and dental fluorosis, which is the weakening and decay of bone structures due to the leeching of calcium from the body as calcium and fluoride bond by the process of adsorption. Over 150 million people are suffering from some form of fluorosis due to the consumption of groundwater. Calcium carbonate has been demonstrated to influence fluoride removal in several forms. To make fluoride removal a cost-effective and user-friendly …

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G-Quadruplex Dynamics Contribute To Regulation Of Mitochondrial Gene Expression, M. Falabella, J. E. Kolesar, C. Wallace, D. De Jesus, L. Sun, Y. V. Taguichi, C. Wang, T. Wang, Irene M. Xiang , '18, J. K. Alder, R. Maheshan, W. Horne, Joshua R. Turek-Herman , '16, P. J. Pagano, C. M. St. Croix, N. Sondheimer, Liliya A. Yatsunyk, F. B. Johnson, B. A. Kaufman Apr 2019

G-Quadruplex Dynamics Contribute To Regulation Of Mitochondrial Gene Expression, M. Falabella, J. E. Kolesar, C. Wallace, D. De Jesus, L. Sun, Y. V. Taguichi, C. Wang, T. Wang, Irene M. Xiang , '18, J. K. Alder, R. Maheshan, W. Horne, Joshua R. Turek-Herman , '16, P. J. Pagano, C. M. St. Croix, N. Sondheimer, Liliya A. Yatsunyk, F. B. Johnson, B. A. Kaufman

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

Single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences rich in guanine (G) can adopt non-canonical structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences that are predicted to form G4 are enriched on the heavy-strand and have been associated with formation of deletion breakpoints. Increasing evidence supports the ability of mtDNA to form G4 in cancer cells; however, the functional roles of G4 structures in regulating mitochondrial nucleic acid homeostasis in non-cancerous cells remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate by live cell imaging that the G4-ligand RHPS4 localizes primarily to mitochondria at low doses. We find that low doses of RHPS4 do not induce …

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Synthesis Of An Ideal Inhibitor For The Lpxc Enzyme, Taejun Lee Apr 2019

Synthesis Of An Ideal Inhibitor For The Lpxc Enzyme, Taejun Lee

Honors Theses

Due to the growing need of antibiotics in modern day medicine, this study attempts to apply a method of medicinal chemistry that would create a novel inhibitor for a lesser known target of gram negative bacteria, the LpxC enzyme. This study proposes that a synthetic plan which consists of combining components of different molecules would create a more effective inhibitor. These components include a binding group for the active site of the enzyme, a hydrophobic chain which has been shown to interact with an allosteric site on the LpxC enzyme, and the isoxazoline ring which interacts with the zinc ion. …

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Enantioselective Copper Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition By Dynamic Kinetic Resolution, En Chih Liu, Joseph J. Topczewski Apr 2019

Enantioselective Copper Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition By Dynamic Kinetic Resolution, En Chih Liu, Joseph J. Topczewski

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The copper(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), a click reaction, is one of the most powerful catalytic reactions developed during the last two decades. Conducting CuAAC enantioselectively would add a third dimension to this reaction and would enable the direct synthesis of α-chiral triazoles. Doing so is demanding because the two precursors have linear geometries, and the triazole product is a flat heterocycle. Designing a chiral catalyst is further complicated by the complex mechanism of CuAAC. We report an enantioselective CuAAC (E-CuAAC), enabled by dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). The E-CuAAC is high yielding and affords up to 99:1 er. The E-CuAAC …

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3d Printed Nmr Spectra: From 1d And 2d Acquisition To 3d Visualization, Michael Bakker, Ben Boyd, Gary A. Meints Apr 2019

3d Printed Nmr Spectra: From 1d And 2d Acquisition To 3d Visualization, Michael Bakker, Ben Boyd, Gary A. Meints

College of Natural and Applied Sciences

Visualization of two- dimensional and relaxation NMR spectra can be difficult for students new to the subject. Educators have utilized 3D printing previously to demonstrate concepts such as potential energy surfaces and molecular orbitals, but this technology has yet to be used to create a visual model of NMR data. In order to address this, we have developed an approach for creating 3D printed models of two- dimensional and inversion recovery spectra, which can then be used as an innovative teaching tool. This was done by converting raw FT NMR data into a 3D data graph using Mathematica. This graph …

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Effects Of Electrical Stimulation On Glioma Cells In Vitro With Implications For Treating Chronic Pain: Development Of A Model System, David C. Platt Apr 2019

Effects Of Electrical Stimulation On Glioma Cells In Vitro With Implications For Treating Chronic Pain: Development Of A Model System, David C. Platt

Theses and Dissertations

Glial cells comprise over 70% of the central nervous system cells and exhibit diverse functions including regulation of synaptic transmission, neuron protection/repair, maintenance of neuronal metabolism, and are implicated in the development of persistent neuropathic pain. In addition, a perturbation in the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has likewise been associated with the development of a chronic pain state. This perturbation in ROS/RNS creates an environment of oxidative stress. However, the mechanism by which the pain signal transmission is modulated, and the roles ROS play in the perpetuation of the pain state are …

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Kinetics Of Mashing In Beer Brewing Process, Ken Overway, Austin Reed Apr 2019

Kinetics Of Mashing In Beer Brewing Process, Ken Overway, Austin Reed

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

The process called mashing, which steeps malted grain in water at specific temperatures in order to optimize enzymatic sugar production, is critical for the beer brewing process. Each kind of grain used to make beer could have unique optimal mashing temperatures since the α- and β-amylase enzymes that produce the sugars are a result of genetic differences. Beer has mainly been brewed with barley, wheat, rye, and less common grains such as corn and rice. Gluten free beer options are very limited, and this is problematic for those suffering from Celiac disease. Quinoa is the focus grain of this project …

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Synthesis And Analysis Of 6-Acetyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyridine, A Major Contributor To ‘Mousy’ Off-Flavor In Sour And Wild Beers, Liesel Krout Apr 2019

Synthesis And Analysis Of 6-Acetyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyridine, A Major Contributor To ‘Mousy’ Off-Flavor In Sour And Wild Beers, Liesel Krout

Thinking Matters Symposium Archive

Unexpected tastes can negatively impact consumer experience in the beer industry. One such taste, a ‘mousy’ off-flavor, is diminishing the quality of sour and wild beers throughout the brewing community. The unpleasant flavor is a result of the combined presence of three organic compounds: 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (ATHP), 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and 2-ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine. Because of its unpredictable nature, brewers must wait for the compound to disappear before distribution, costing them valuable time and revenue. The factors responsible for formation, reasons for persistence, and degradation timelines of the compounds were unknown. A method for quantification was therefore necessary to determine those characteristics, and such quantification …

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Development Of Ruthenium Drugs As Anticancer Agents, Daniel Boy Apr 2019

Development Of Ruthenium Drugs As Anticancer Agents, Daniel Boy

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

An overview of literature that outlines the research methods of the development of proposed Ruthenium based anti-cancer agents.

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Senior Chemistry Thesis, Elisha North Apr 2019

Senior Chemistry Thesis, Elisha North

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

No abstract provided.

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Atomic Layer Deposition Applications In Nanotechnology, Alexandra Burke Apr 2019

Atomic Layer Deposition Applications In Nanotechnology, Alexandra Burke

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

No abstract provided.

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Drug Improvement And Design Involving G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Gabriel Saliba Apr 2019

Drug Improvement And Design Involving G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Gabriel Saliba

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

No abstract provided.

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A Chemical Overview Of Opioid Receptors And Their Agonists, Noah Kuszak Apr 2019

A Chemical Overview Of Opioid Receptors And Their Agonists, Noah Kuszak

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

This work is a brief overview of the three main opioid receptors and some current research of the ways we can change the agonists and how they affect the opioid receptor pathway.

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Dentin Biomodification Potency Of Proanthocyanidins, David J. Ryker Apr 2019

Dentin Biomodification Potency Of Proanthocyanidins, David J. Ryker

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

No abstract provided.

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Putting The I In Science, Naomi Kirkvold Apr 2019

Putting The I In Science, Naomi Kirkvold

Honors Program: Expanded Learning Clubs

This club gets kids interested in science in ways that they may not have experienced in a classroom by doing weekly experiments.

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Degradable Polymers, Christopher Collins Apr 2019

Synthesis And Characterization Of Degradable Polymers, Christopher Collins

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

A degradable polymer with proposed applications in drug delivery was synthesized and characterized. This polymer was grown from a difunctional initiator, a "core" that is able to grow two polymer chains and able to degrade in the presence of oxidizing agents such as peroxides. During the first part of this project, poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization using commercially-available reagents in order to develop an optimal synthesis technique. This technique was then used to synthesize the degradable polymer. After introducing hydrogen peroxide, the molecular weight of the degradable polymer decreased in two different experiments, confirming its hypothesized …

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Quantification Of Tylosin Antibiotics In Cattle Waste, Appala Keerthi Apr 2019

Quantification Of Tylosin Antibiotics In Cattle Waste, Appala Keerthi

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Antibiotics are used as prophylactic agents to promote growth and for treating infections in animals. However, the irrational use of antibiotics in livestock management is a significant cause of the development of antibioticresistant genes in the environment. Each year 2 million people suffer from the infections caused by bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics and 23,000 of these people are estimated to die because of antibiotic resistance. New drugs are continually coming into the market but are at the risk of developing resistance. Thus, there is a need for the development of analytical methods which can be used to monitor …

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Monitoring Transverse Relaxation Times Of Kerosene-Adulterated Diesel Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Tristen Rumbaugh Apr 2019

Monitoring Transverse Relaxation Times Of Kerosene-Adulterated Diesel Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Tristen Rumbaugh

Experiential Learning Projects

Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (TD-NMR) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (LF-NMR) are different techniques that vary in the range of magnetic field strengths that they use, which is a determining factor for the type of analysis that can be done. In this study, LF-NMR was used to perform a time-domain analysis of petroleum products, diesel and kerosene. This is a type of analysis which is typically performed using TD-NMR. Diesel and kerosene are two petroleum products that have different characteristics such as viscosity, boiling point, and hydrocarbon length. Diluting, or adulterating, diesel fuels with kerosene is a common …

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Developing Tale Proteins As A Biosensor For Detecting Pathogen Specific Double-Stranded Dna, Kathrine Gaiko Apr 2019

Developing Tale Proteins As A Biosensor For Detecting Pathogen Specific Double-Stranded Dna, Kathrine Gaiko

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins are important for DNA binding. They bind to specific nucleotide sequences by the use of two residues in each repeat allowing them to target specific DNA sequences. Their modular structure makes TALEs advantageous over other DNA binding proteins such as zinc finger proteins. Zinc finger proteins (ZFP) use a finger like projection to bind 3-4 subsequence base pairs while TALE proteins use two amino acid residues in each repeat to bind one nucleotide. ZFP can use SEER-Lac system for colorimetric detection, while TALE proteins can use fluorescence labeling with Alexa for detection of binding to …

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