Sports Sciences Commons^™

Introducing Patient-Centered Outcomes To Preceptors In Caate-Approved Athletic Training Programs, K. Judge

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The 2020 standards set by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) now require the incorporation of the International Classification of Function and Patient-Centered Outcomes into professional practice. These standards can be introduced initially through simulation, but to develop a competent and culturally aware professional, outcome measures should be completed during clinical experiences under the guidance of approved preceptors. As this is a relatively new standard, many preceptors did not receive this as part of their education and may be uncomfortable integrating outcomes into their practice. This lack of integration can negatively affect the learning opportunities of athletic …

Neuromuscular Deficits Following An Isolated Pcl Tear In A Collegiate Lacrosse Player: A Case Study, Mckenna G. Witlin, Erin R. Mcmullan, Courtney M. Meyer, Amy L. Fraley

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This disablement model case study outlines a 21-year-old female collegiate lacrosse player attending a United States service academy who presented with a unique neuromuscular deficit following a conservative grade II PCL tear rehabilitation. Nearing the end of her rehabilitation protocol, she noticed difficulty with toe-off while running; however, she did not report to the athletic trainer due to the institution’s holiday break proximity. An unexpected transfer of care occurred when the patient returned after the holidays, and she was cleared for full participation upon return. Several days after the patient was cleared, she reported her ankle feeling “stuck.” Upon evaluation, …

Screen Time, Physical Activity, And Vo₂Max In Indonesian Vocational School Adolescents (Aged 15–17): A Cross-Sectional Study, Cahyo Wibowo, Yahya Eko Nopiyanto, Angkit Kinasih, Asarya Reno Kombong, Dian Pujianto, Bayu Insanistyo

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Physical activity and screen time influence many adolescent' fitness problems. This research aims to determine the relationship between screen time and physical activity on adolescent students' cardio-respiratory endurance (VO2max). This research used observational analysis with a cross-sectional study involving 70 teenage students at an Information and Network Technology Vocational School consisting of male and female teenage students. The Screen Time of Adolescents (QUEST) questionnaire was used to assess screen time, the physical activity instrument used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2.0) to assess physical activity levels, and the VO2max instrument used the 20-meter Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). The data …

Association Between Suboptimal Health Status And Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study Of 1,028 Medical Students In Punjab, Pakistan, Maleha Asim, Misbah Malik, Aneela Jamil, Raheela Yasmin, Ghazala Jawwad, Wajahat Ullah Khan

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) refers to the transitional period between health and illness, characterized by unexplained symptoms and premature changes in functional status without a known medical diagnosis. Objective: The aim is to examine how often SHS occurs and how lifestyle factors influence both SHS and the academic success of medical students. Methods: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2024 to September 2024 with first- to fifth-year medical students from four randomly chosen medical colleges in Punjab, Pakistan. The Suboptimal Health Measurement Scale (SHMS V1.0), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Scale (HPLS) were used to …

Identification Of Characteristics And Incidence Of Injuries In Pencak Silat Athletes In The Adult Competition Category In East Java, Dinda Farida Putri Bahari, Kurniati Rahayuni

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Pencak silat, as a competitive sport, has a high risk of injury. However, data on its characteristics and causative factors during pre-match and matches in East Java are still limited. Objective: This study aims to identify the characteristics and incidence of injuries in adult sparring category pencak silat athletes in East Java during training and matches. Methods: Using a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were collected through a survey distributed to 100 athletes (61 men and 31 women) aged 17-22 years from 11 cities/districts in East Java, including information on injury characteristics and causal factors. …

Neuromuscular Hamstring Profile Based On Strength Imbalance As A Basis For Injury Prevention In Youth Football Players, Yulingga Nanda Hanief, Sri Sumartiningsih, Setya Rahayu, Heny Setyawati, Hadi Hadi, Karol Karol Jaskulski

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Hamstring strength imbalance between the left and right sides has been identified as a factor contributing to increased injury risk in athletes. However, few studies have evaluated not only bilateral strength differences but also the magnitude of clinically significant imbalances in various hamstring strength parameters. Objective: This study aims to analyze bilateral hamstring muscle asymmetry in terms of maximum, average, and maximum impulse strength, and to evaluate whether the distribution of high imbalances reaches clinically relevant thresholds associated with potential injury risk. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational study. Twenty athletes (n = 20) underwent hamstring strength measurements …

Effects Of Exercise On Inflammation In Female Survivors Of Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Francesco Bettariga, Dennis R. Taaffe, Anita Borsati, Alice Avancini, Sara Pilotto, Stefano G. Lazzarini, Pedro Lopez, Luca Maestroni, Umberto Crainich, John P. Campbell, Timothy D. Clay, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, recurrence remains common and contributes to higher mortality risk. Among the potential mechanisms, inflammation plays a key role in recurrence by promoting tumor progression. Exercise provides a wide array of health benefits and may reduce inflammation, potentially reducing mortality risk. However, the effects of exercise, including mode (ie, resistance training [RT], aerobic training [AT], and combined RT and AT) and program duration, on inflammatory biomarkers in breast cancer survivors remain to be elucidated. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and CENTRAL in August 2024. Randomized controlled trials examining …

Elite Beach Volleyball Match Analysis: Rally Structure, Work-To-Rest Patterns, And Gender Considerations, Flavia F. Pereira, Jason M. Curtis, Jose Antonio, Jennifer Austin, Riceler Waske, Victor Romano

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

This study analyzed the physical and temporal demands of elite male and female beach volleyball athletes during professional competitions, specifically focusing on match duration, rally characteristics, and work-to-rest ratios. Utilizing the Balltime AI platform, 7,832 rallies from 92 matches (49 males, 43 females) during the 2023 FIVB Elite 16 Tour and the 2024 Paris Olympic Games were examined. The findings indicate an average total match duration of approximately 46 min (45:55 ± 10:11), with active playing time averaging 13:30 ± 03:06 min and rest periods totaling 32:25 ± 07:29 min. The average rally duration was 9.49 ± 0.57 seconds, yielding …

The Effect Of The Actn3 Gene Variation On Physically Active Individuals' Susceptibility To Muscle Injury, Agata Leońska-Duniec, Piotr Kabelis, Agata Rzeszutko-Bełzowska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene, which encodes α-actinin-3, results in deficiency of the functional protein in the muscles of the XX carriers, what could potentially impair muscle fiber function and increase susceptibility to injuries. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relationship between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and non-contact muscle injury risk in a physically active Caucasians cohort. Mate-rials and Methods: The study included 142 physically active individuals (26 females and 116 males) who experienced either single (n = 26) or multiple (n = 116) non-contact muscle injuries. The control group included 163 participants (47 females …

Effect Of Pitch Dimensions On External Load Measures During Large-Sided Soccer Games: Manipulating Pitch Size To Control Load, Alireza Rabbani, Robert Trybulski, Filipe Manuel Clemente

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aims of this study were to examine the variability and differences of selected external load metrics during soccer large-sided games (LSGs) depending on the pitch size. Materials and methods: The external load metrics of 13 male soccer players were monitored during 14 sessions. These metrics included total distance (TD), high-intensity running distance (HIR) (meters covered with speed >14.4 km^.h^-1), high-speed running distance (HSR) (meters covered with speed >19.8 km^.h^-1), high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), mechanical work (MW) (the sum of accelerations and decelerations >3 m²), maximal velocity (Max V) …

Administración Y Organización Deportiva. Conceptos Y Aplicaciones, Myriam Andrea Beltrán Benavides, Daniel Mejía Lizarazo

Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física

Las organizaciones deportivas en su administración requieren incluir aspectos de gestión que abarquen y aseguren un correcto funcionamiento, desarrollo y cumplimiento de sus objetivos; estos elementos son esenciales para la eficiencia, sostenibilidad y crecimiento. En un entorno deportivo cada vez más competitivo y profesionalizado, integrar prácticas administrativas no solo consolidan estructuras organizativas sólidas, sino que además contribuyen al desarrollo integral del deporte a nivel local, nacional e internacional, de tal manera que una adecuada administración promueve la transparencia, mejora la comunicación interna y externa y contribuye al fortalecimiento de la relación con los grupos de interés.

Electromyography Normalization And Assessment Methods For Muscle Activity: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Dariusz Tadeusz Skalski, Magdalena Prończuk, Kinga Łosińska, Ewelina Lulińska, Joanna Motowidło, Justyna Żurowska-Cegielska, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Mieszko Bartosz-Jefferies, Adam Maszczyk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Electromyographic (EMG) normalization is essential for accurately measuring muscle activity across different populations and tasks. Various methods, including Maxi-mum Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA), have been employed to improve measurement reliability. However, discrepancies in results across studies necessitate a comprehensive review of normalization techniques. Objective: This report analyzed 40 research studies to evaluate EMG normalization and assessment methods, focusing on their reliability, applicability, and effectiveness across healthy and clinical populations. Methods: The studies employed a range of normalization techniques, including MVIC, submaximal contractions, task-specific approaches, and advanced methods such as RQA and Pre-Fatigue Maximal Voluntary …

The Evaluation Of Variants Within Eight Collagen Genes Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Col5a1, Col11a1, Col15a1, Col22a1, And Col27a1 And A Risk Of Non-Contact Knee Ligament Rupture In Elite Handball Players: A Case-Control Study, Katarzyna Krawczak-Wójcik, Andrzej Mastalerz, Aleksandra Bojarczuk, Monika Johne, Alison V. September, Aleksandra Garbacz, Katarzyna Komar, Ewelina Maculewicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: Knee ligament ruptures are common injuries among athletes. While most previous studies examined single collagen gene polymorphisms, few have investigated haplotype-level associations across multiple genes, particularly in elite handball players. Materials and methods: This case-control study analyzed variants in eight collagen genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL11A1, COL15A1, COL22A1, and COL27A1) in 103 elite Polish handball players with non-contact knee ligament rupture and 226 matched controls. Results: The COL22A1 rs11784270 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk (OR = 2.88, p = 0.01), with the strongest effect in the …

Effectiveness Of An Adapted Physical Activity Program On Anxiety, Depression, And Self-Esteem On A Heterogenous Sample: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mathilde Plard, Claire El Jor, Rebecca Shankland, Quentin Hallez

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

In recent decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Adapted Physical Activity (APA) interventions in improving the mental health of individuals. However, a limitation of these studies is their predominant focus on homogeneous groups, characterized by similar diseases or disorders and characteristics. Thus, effects associated with these groups may largely account for the observed benefits, rather than the physical activity itself. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an eight-week APA intervention on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in a heterogeneous group of participants with diverse health conditions and ages. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group …

Bridging The Gap: Does Individual Crossfit Open Performance & Event-Type Influence Crossfit Games Team Performance?, Anthony J. Mack

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Individual CrossFit Open (CFO) and CrossFit Games (CFG) performance factors, including physiological metrics, sex, competitive experience, and workout pacing strategies, are well established; however, there is a gap in the literature comparing CFO and CFG team performance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether individual CFO scores and event category (i.e., monostructural, gymnastics-skill, weightlifting, or work capacity) influence a team's final score at the CFG. Teams (n = 196) from the 2018-2024 CFG seasons were included in data collection. Data from CFO workouts (n = 28) and CFG team events (n = 62) were extracted from games.crossfit.com. Scores …

Effects Of Different Loads Used In Post-Activation Potentiation Exercises On Sprint And Vertical Jump Performance Of Young Amateur Soccer Players, Emre Karaday, Yusuf Köklü, Erhan Işıkdemir, Bilal Utku Alemdaroğlu, Özlem Köklü

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different loads used in post-activation potentiation (PAP) exercises on the vertical jump and sprint performance of young amateur soccer players. Materials and methods: Twelve young amateur soccer players (age: 16.3 ± 1.2 years; height: 172.6 ± 3.88 cm; body weight: 63.2 ± 6.7 kg; training experience: 2.3 ± 1.4 years) participated voluntarily. The half squat exercise was performed in unloaded conditions and at three different intensities (L1:80%, L2: 90%, and L3: 100% of one-repetition maximum [1RM]), and its effects on players' countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30 m sprint …

Contextual Analysis Of Physical-Tactical Match Performance Demands In Elite U21 Soccer Players, Craig Davies, Christian Vassallo, Ben Ryan, Piotr Zmijewski, Rafael Oliveria, José E. Teixeira, Alexandre Moreira, Ryland Morgans

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Soccer matches include physical and tactical factors, yet limited research has integrated physical-tactical variables involving U21 soccer players. This study examined how different phases of play influence physical intensity in elite U21 soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twelve professional development league matches involving 29 male U21 soccer players (106 observations) were analysed. Players wore 10 Hz GPS units to derive relative (m/min) physical metrics during six phases of play. Phases and positions were compared using repeated‑measures ANOVA and one‑way ANOVA. Results: Players covered significantly greater high-speed running per minute (HSR/min) during the final third compared to build-up (p …

Evaluating The Impact Of Zoa Energy Drink On Muscular Strength, Psychomotor Vigilance, And Mood In Active Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jose J. Rojas, Jason M. Curtis, Flavia F. Pereira, Cassandra Evans, Kaelan Jones, Alyana Andal, Juan Carlos Santana, Hena Thakkar, Jose Antonio

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

This study evaluates the effects of ZOA Energy Drink, a commercially available energy beverage, on muscular strength, sustained attention, and mood in exercise-trained individuals. Using a randomized, blinded, two-arm design, 24 participants (15 males, 9 females; age = 31.8 ± 8.4 years) were assigned to consume either ZOA Energy Drink or a caffeine-matched placebo. The primary outcomes included psychomotor vigilance (PVT), mood state (POMS), handgrip strength, and push-up performance. Baseline body composition was also assessed using bioelectrical impedance.

Results revealed no statistically significant differences between the ZOA and the caffeine matched control groups in psychomotor vigilance (p = 0.155), mood …

A Systematic Review Using A Multi-Layered Criteria Framework For Assessing The Validity And Reliability Of Velocity Monitoring Devices In Resistance Training, Youssef J. Wannouch, Samuel R. Leahey, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Harry G. Banyard, Harry S. Dorrell, Steven Stern, Gordon J. Ross, Jason C. Laffer, Kelvin Y.H. Chua, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background Velocity-Based Training (VBT) is an emerging method in resistance training for objectively prescribing and monitoring training intensity and neuromuscular function. Given its growing popularity, assessing the validity and reliability of VBT devices is critical for strength and conditioning coaches. Objective The primary purpose of this review was twofold: (1) to identify and address methodological gaps in current assessments of VBT device validity and reliability, and (2) to propose and apply a novel, multi-layered, criterion-based framework—developed in collaboration with statisticians and domain experts—for evaluating these devices. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus following PRISMA guidelines, …

Comparisons Between Different Methods Of Calculating Dynamic Strength Index: Effect On Training Recommendations, Nicholas Joel Ripley, Jack Fahey, Stuart Guppy, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

An impulse-based dynamic strength index (iDSI) that constitutes time-dependent force expression in contrast to the common peak force-based DSI (fDSI) may be more insightful when considering training recommendations. However, a limitation of the iDSI is that any change in countermovement jump (CMJ) propulsion phase duration could affect longitudinal comparisons. A fixed duration (e.g., 250ms) iDSI however could overcome this limitation. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different methods of calculating DSI (fDSI, iDSI matched, iDSI fixed) on the DSI value and resultant training prioritization. Thirty-seven team sport athletes (female=13, male=25, age=22.2±2.8 years, height=174.4±6.0cm, mass=74.9±11.9kg) performed …

Comparison Of Decision-Making Skill In 360° Video To The Field Setting In Highly Skilled Rugby Union Players, Hannah J. Vawser, Khaya Morris-Binelli, Benjamin Piggott, Sean Müller, Paola Chivers, Evan Dekker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Little evidence exists of whether decision-making in immersive 360° video is representative of the field setting in sport. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether decision-making performance of a representative exemplar competition specific skill was similar between 360° video and a field task. Fifteen players from skilled junior rugby union pathways and professional rugby union teams in Australia were recruited to complete a 360° video decision-making choice response task involving four attackers and three defenders. Their decision-making was previously assessed in a similar field decision-making task that was representative of rugby game play. Decision-making was scored according to …

Muscle Creatine Levels And Sprint Performance In Young Adult Vegans And Vegetarians After 7 Days Of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation, Thomas Christian Bonne, Valentina Arthemalle, Colin Stephen Doherty, Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen, Jacob Bejder, Thomas Ehlers, Henrik Holm-Sørensen, Nikolai Baastrup Nordsborg

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Athletes use creatine monohydrate (CM) to enhance high-intensity exercise performance by increasing creatine phosphate availability. While CM supplementation is known to raise muscle creatine levels in vegans and vegetarians, its impact on exercise performance remains uncertain. We examined the effects of CM supplementation on muscle creatine content and exercise performance in vegans and vegetarians. In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled design, 15 healthy vegans and vegetarians consumed CM (0.3 g/kg/day, n = 7) or placebo (PLA, 0.3 g maltodextrin/kg/day, n = 8) four times a day for 7 days. Before and after supplementation, repeated sprint capacity was determined. Body mass and …

Lower Limb Muscle Strength Matters: Effect Of Relative Isometric Strength On Countermovement And Rebound Jump Performance In Elite Youth Female Soccer Players, Jack Fahey, Paul Comfort, Nicholas Joel Ripley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Expression of maximal and rapid force in the hip, knee, and plantar flexors is important for athletic performance in female soccer. This study was designed to determine the effect of relative isometric strength in the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and rebound jump (CMJ-R) performance in female youth soccer players. Methods: Ninety-six female soccer players (age: 14.1 ± 2.3 years, height: 160.5 ± 9.7 cm, mass: 55.0 ± 10.3 kg) completed three trials of the IMTP, CMJ, and CMJ-R using force plates. Players were categorized as stronger (top quartile, n = 19) and weaker players (bottom …

A Study On Nutritional Status Among Regular Gym Goers In And Around Chennai, India, Ettiyappan Thirumurugan, Kalpana Devi Venkatesan, Pavithra Tamilmani, Devika Preetha, Joyce Albert Princy Mariya Selvanathan, Dhanyasree Mohandas, Ameer Basha Sathik, Santhosh Kumar Manjunathan, Ashika Kannadhas Sheeba

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The increasing sales of sports supplements indicate a concerning trend, as many gym-goers may misuse these products owing to misinformation and insufficient knowledge, potentially impacting their performance. This issue is further compounded by specific gym trainers who may lack comprehensive information and inadvertently influence their clients' choices. To address this concern, the present study evaluated dietary supplement practices and sports nutrition knowledge among regular gym-goers at fitness centers in Chennai, India.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 using a validated questionnaire distributed across Chennai, India. A total of 450 participants were …

Valoración De La Composición Corporal, Por Antropometría, En Atleta Paralímpico, Eliana Patricia Cuellar Carvajal, Juan Sebastián Torres Quijano

Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física

La evaluación de la composición corporal es de suma importancia en la preparación del paratleta, pues se ha convertido en un aspecto de interés, gracias a las investigaciones en las ciencias del deporte. Es posible determinar un perfil de la composición corporal para una modalidad deportiva, que contribuya al éxito competitivo y es importante considerar el impacto y tipo de discapacidad en el deportista, a fin de garantizar un asesoramiento en el paratleta que oriente de modo adecuado su plan de entrenamiento deportivo que genere un impacto positivo en su rendimiento.

Empowering Youth Tackle Football Athletes: A Content Analysis Of Nonlinear Pedagogy’S Influence On Autonomy And Practical Applications In Youth Tackle Football, Benjamin Jay Andelman

Masters Theses

Youth tackle football offers an environment that promotes both positive mental and physical benefits for young athletes. Despite the positive benefits associated with sports, participation is on the decline. The content analysis found connections between the prevailing prescriptive coaching methods in youth tackle football and the adverse mental effects on young athletes. This study, utilizing a qualitative content analysis of existing academic literature, proposes a practical application of Nonlinear Pedagogical principles in the youth tackle football practice context to develop a coaching model that promotes athlete autonomy, thereby increasing positive mental benefits for the youth athlete. Leveraging Ecological Dynamics, Constraints-Led …

The Impact Of Cold-Water Immersion On Mental Health: A Qualitative Study, Marcus Jean-Francois

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Historically, Cold Water Immersion (CWI) was used for physical therapy and is now a potential non-pharmacological intervention for mental health illnesses such as depression, stress and anxiety. In this study in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, we examined the personal experiences on the psychological impact of CWI on mental health. We examined twelve participants between 20-35 years of age that had a self-diagnosed mental illness to participate in six CWI sessions over the span of three weeks. This study predicts that CWI will have a significant reduction in their mental health illness compared to baseline levels. Employing a Hermeneutic Phenomenological approach, …

The Effects Of The Menstrual Cycle On Movement Velocity In Female Athletes, Casey M. Krolikowski

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study examined the psychological and physiological impacts of menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive (HC) use on barbell back squat and bench press velocity, handgrip strength, and countermovement jump height. The aim was to determine whether HC use and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms affected performance during menstruation, the late follicular phase (LFP), or the mid-luteal phase (MLP). Fourteen college-aged female athletes (N = 14) were divided into HC users (n = 7), and naturally menstruating, eumenorrheic individuals (n = 7). Movement velocity data was assessed using RepOne linear position transducers, jump height with the Just Jump mat, and grip …

Investigating “Sled Head” Phenomenon And Diurnal Patterns In Team Usa Bobsleigh And Luge Athletes: A Virtual Research Study, Garrett R. Augsburger

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study investigated the relationship between training time, performance, and concussion symptoms among Team USA bobsleigh and luge athletes during a four-week training season. Recognizing the high physical demands and potential risks associated with sledding sports, the study aimed to understand the prevalence of concussion-related experiences and how training schedules might influence athletic performance and symptomology. Repeated measures quantitative design was employed using session-level survey data submitted by athletes following daily training sessions. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire assessing variables such as performance rating, fatigue, alertness, training intensity, sleep quality, and concussion symptoms. A total of 156 sessions …

An Analysis Of Sport Science Practices And Standards In Collegiate Football, Corey F. Fitzgerald

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation presents the findings of a survey that identifies the sport science practices and standards utilized in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football programs. In total a fifty-two item survey instrument was administered that examines seven sections, including (i) demographics, (ii) current sport science practices, (iii) advanced technology, (iv) decision-making processes, (v) health and wellness, (vi) budget and resources, and (vii) comments. All generated numerical data was organized into a statistical analysis program, SPSS Statistics v 29.0.2.0 (© IBM Corporation). Correlations were conducted on data gathered from Likert Scale questions, using Spearman test. Additionally, comprehensive non-numerical subjective data was …