Sports Sciences Commons^™

Acute Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration On Lower Extremity Muscle Performance In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Kurt Jackson, Harold L. Merriman, Paul M. Vanderburgh, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a relatively new form of exercise training that may influence muscle performance. This study investigated the acute effects of high (26 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequency WBV on isometric muscle torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Participants and Method: Fifteen individuals (mean age = 54.6 years, SD = 9.6) with MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 0-6.5 (mean = 4.2, SD = 2.3) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Following baseline measures of isometric quadricep and hamstring torque, subjects were exposed to …

Female Collegiate Gymnasts And Experiences In Sport Retirement Due To Injury, Coleen Harrington Barry

Dissertations

There has been very limited research on sport retirement concerning the experiences that female collegiate athletes face when retiring from a sport due to injury. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore, understand, and describe experiences that former NCAA Division I female gymnasts had when they retired from gymnastics, part-way through college, due to injury. The main objective of the study was to attempt to understand female collegiate gymnasts' sport retirement experiences and the impact these experiences may have had on their identity development and college experience. The study also considered female collegiate gymnasts' perceived needs and coping …

Recovery From A Cycling Time Trial Is Enhanced With Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation Vs. Isoenergetic Carbohydrate Supplementation, John M. Berardi, Eric E. Noreen, Peter W.R. Lemon

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: In this study we assessed whether a liquid carbohydrate-protein (C+P) supplement (0.8 g/kg C; 0.4 g/kg P) ingested early during recovery from a cycling time trial could enhance a subsequent 60 min effort on the same day vs. an isoenergetic liquid carbohydrate (CHO) supplement (1.2 g/kg).

Methods: Two hours after a standardized breakfast, 15 trained male cyclists completed a time trial in which they cycled as far as they could in 60 min (AMex) using a Computrainer indoor trainer. Following AMex, subjects ingested either C+P, or CHO at 10, 60 and 120 min, followed by a standardized meal at …

Organizational Culture And Job Satisfaction In Korean Professional Baseball Organizations, Yun Seok Choi, Jeffrey J. Martin, Meungguk Park

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of organizational culture and investigate a link between organizational culture and job satisfaction in the Korean Professional Baseball League (KPBL). The findings of the present study revealed that the baseball clubs in the KPBL tended to emphasize a market culture. The results of this study also suggest that the clan culture has a significant influence on overall employee job satisfaction and satisfaction with co-workers, supervision and personal growth. Given the importance of a conceptual relation between organizational culture and job satisfaction in effectively managing sport organizations, implications and suggestions for …

The Acute Effect Of A Single Treatment Of Graston Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization And Stretching On Active Knee Extension, Stephanie Janette Lopez

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studv design: Single-blinded, pre-treatment/post-treatment, randomized groups. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of a single session of Graston instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (GISTM), stretching, and GISTM plus stretching on active knee extension (AKE) in healthy individuals with limited motion. Background: Individuals need adequate ROM in order to complete every day activities. Stretching and soft tissue mobilization are often used to increase ROM. The effects of Graston Technique on humans have not been widely studied in experimental situations. Methods: Forty participants (28M, 12F, 25.0±5.7 years, 1.7±0.09 m, 85.76±18.59 kg, mean ROM deficit of 38°±12°) randomly assigned to four different treatment groups: measurement only …

Using Social Cognitive Theory To Predict Physical Activity In Inner-City African American School Children, Jeffrey J. Martin, Nate Mccaughtry

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Researchers using social cognitive theory and employing built environment constructs to predict physical activity (PA) in inner-city African American children is quite limited. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to evaluate the ability of important social cognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy) and built environment constructs (e.g., neighborhood hazards) to predict African American children’s PA. Children (N = 331, ages 10–14) completed questionnaires assessing social cognitive theory constructs and PA. Using multiple regression analyses we were able to account for 19% of the variance in PA. Based on standardized beta weights, the best predictors of PA were time spent outside …

Multidimensional Self-Efficacy And Affect In Wheelchair Basketball Players, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

In the current study, variables grounded in social cognitive theory with athletes with disabilities were examined. Performance, training, resiliency, and thought control self-efficacy, and positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect were examined with wheelchair basketball athletes (N = 79). Consistent with social cognitive theory, weak to strong significant relationships among the four types of self-efficacy (rs = .22–.78) and among self-efficacy and affect (rs = -.40–.29) were found. Basketball players who were efficacious in their ability to overcome training barriers were also confident in their basketball skills and efficacious in their ability to overcome ruminating distressing thoughts …

Gender Differences In Motivation To Resolve Eating And Body Image Concerns In College Students, Harold L. Merriman, C. Jayne Brahler, Laura Dinan, Lauren Finzer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to identify similarities and differences between college women and men with respect to their eating and body image concerns, weight fluctuation and level of motivation to resolve these concerns. 101 University of Dayton students participated in this study. Students completed an eating and body concern survey online.

Body image concerns were significantly greater for females compared to males (p=0.007) and significantly greater as motivation level to resolve the concerns increased (p=0.019). Eating concerns followed the same trends but did not reach statistical significance. Weight fluctuation in both genders increased significantly as motivation level increased …

Hss Alumni News Fall 2008, Department Of Health And Sport Sciences

Health and Sport Sciences Newsletter

• Becoming A Physical Educator by John Mark Mocas
• President Devore Retires: Suites to be Renamed
• The Department of Health & Sport Sciences Adds Allied Health Major

Recovery From Supraspinal Fatigue Is Slowed In Old Adults After Fatiguing Maximal Isometric Contractions, Sandra K. Hunter, Gabrielle Todd, Jane E. Butler, Simon C. Gandevia, Janet L. Taylor

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

This study compared the contribution of supraspinal fatigue to muscle fatigue in old and young adults. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex was used to assess voluntary activation during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of elbow flexor muscles in 17 young adults (25.5 ± 3.6 yr; mean ± SD) and 7 old adults (73.0 ± 3.3 yr). Subjects performed a fatigue task involving six sustained MVCs (22-s duration, separated by 10 s). Young adults exhibited greater reductions in maximal voluntary torque (67 ± 15% of baseline) than the old (37 ± 6%; P < 0.001). Increments in torque (superimposed twitch) generated by TMS during sustained MVCs increased for the young and old(P < 0.001) but were larger for the old adults at the start of the sustained contractions and during recovery (P < 0.05). Voluntary activation was less for the old adults at the start of some sustained contractions and during recovery(P = 0.02). Motor-evoked potential …

Acute Exercise Protects Against Doxorubucin Cardiotoxicity, Karen Y. Wonders, David S. Hydock, Carole M. Schneider, Reid Hayward

School of Sport & Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Numerous methods have been used to minimize the cardiotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX), and most have had limited success. Chronic endurance exercise has been shown to protect against DOX cardiotoxicity, but little is known regarding the effects of acute exercise on DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of acute endurance exercise on the cardiac dysfunction associated with DOX treatment. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats either performed an acute exercise bout on a motorized treadmill for 60 minutes at a maximal speed of 25 m/min with a …

The Effect Of Caffeine Ingestion On Perception Of Muscle Pain During A Sustained Submaximal Isometric Contraction Of The Quadriceps, Eric E. Noreen, Caitlyn M. Barr, Marisa E. Mcneal, Daniel G. Drury

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute dose of 5 mg/kg of caffeine on perceived pain of the quadriceps during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction.

Methods: A total of 15 low caffeine consuming college aged women (20.5 ± 1.4 y, 66.0 ± 9.0 kg; mean ± SD) participated in this study. 2–7 d after a familiarization trial subjects ingested, in a double blind random crossover manner, either 5 mg/kg caffeine (Caf) or a placebo (P), 1 h prior to performing a 2 min isometric leg extension at 45% of peak torque using visual …

Contributions Of Body Fat And Effort In The 5k Run: Age And Body Weight Handicap, Anne R. Crecelius, Paul M. Vanderburgh, Lloyd L. Laubach

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The 5K handicap (5KH), designed to eliminate the body weight (BW) and age biases inherent in the 5K run time (RT), yields an adjusted RT (RTadj) that can be compared between runners of different BW and age. As hypothesized in a validation study, however, not all BW bias may be removed, because of the influences of body fatness (BF) and effort (run speed; essentially the inverse as measured by rating of perceived exertion (RPE)). This study's purpose was to determine the effects of BF and RPE on BW bias in the 5KH. For 99 male runners in a regional 5K …

The Effects Of A Season-Long Relaxation Program On Anxiety And Performance In Female High School Track & Field Throwers, Jeremy Walker

Graduate Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a season-long relaxation breathing program on anxiety and performance in track and field throwers. It was hypothesized that the relaxation breathing technique would help to reduce anxiety and increase overall performance. Use of a single-subject research design was used to allow ongoing monitoring of each athlete’s anxiety levels and performance. Results indicated that 2 of the 3 participants had improved performance and reduced trait anxiety over the course of the season. Additional results indicated that there was no significant difference in performance between participants and non-participants and that the …

Occupational Relevance And Body Mass Bias In Military Physical Fitness Tests, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recent evidence makes a compelling case that U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force health-related physical fitness tests penalize larger, not just fatter, service members. As a result, they tend to receive lower scores than their lighter counterparts, the magnitude of which can be explained by biological scaling laws. Larger personnel, on the other hand, tend to be better performers of work-related fitness tasks such as load carriage, heavy lifting and materiel handling. This has been explained by empirical evidence that lean body mass and lean body mass to dead mass ratio (dead mass = fat mass and external load to …

Time To Task Failure And Muscle Activation Vary With Load Type For A Submaximal Fatiguing Contraction With The Lower Leg, Sandra K. Hunter, Tejin Yoon, Joseph Farinella, Erin E. Griffith, Alexander V. Ng

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose was to compare the time to failure and muscle activation patterns for a sustained isometric submaximal contraction with the dorsiflexor muscles when the foot was restrained to a force transducer (force task) compared with supporting an equivalent inertial load and unrestrained (position task). Fifteen men and women (mean ± SD; 21.1 ± 1.4 yr) performed the force and position tasks at 20% maximal voluntary contraction force until task failure. Maximal voluntary contraction force performed before the force and position tasks was similar (333 ± 71 vs. 334 ± 65 N), but the time to task failure was briefer …

The Influence Of Professional Development On Teachers' Psychosocial Perceptions Of Teaching A Health-Related Physical Education Curriculum, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Nate Mccaughtry, Jeffrey J. Martin, Donetta Cothran, Roberta Faust

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The impact of a yearlong professional development intervention on physical education teachers' psychosocial perceptions was investigated. Experienced mentor teachers (n = 15) were paired with inexperienced protégé teachers (n = 15) who helped them learn how to teach a health-related physical education curriculum (i.e., the Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum). Using the theory of planned behavior as the guiding theory, it was hypothesized that teachers would experience favorable increases in various psychological constructs (e.g., attitude) and variables reflecting the social culture of their schools (e.g., administrator's perceptions) as compared with control teachers (n = 17). A variety of …

Unmasking Pain: A Look At The Latest Research, Daniel G. Drury, Karen Y. Wonders

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent research into the physical and psychological mechanisms of pain in revealing new ways to help ease the hurt without the use of medication.

Effects Of Exercise Induced Fatigue On Postural Balance: A Comparison Of Treadmill Versus Cycle Fatiguing Protocols, Katherine Wright

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of muscle fatigue after a treadmill versus cycle ergometer incremental test on postural balance indices and recovery time recreationally trained individuals. The Bruce Treadmill Test and the Incremental Cycle Ergometer test were used to induce fatigue. Each subject (N=16) performed both exercises, but the order of the exercises was randomized. The subjects performed balance measures on a Biodex Balance System via the Dynamic Balance Test at level 5 and indices were recorded as given. Balance was measured a total of nine times (pre-exercise, immediately post, and at 3, 6, 9, …

Sport As The “Opiate Of The Masses”: College Football In The American South, Eric Bain-Selbo

Philosophy & Religion Faculty Publications

Karl Marx famously describes religion as the “opiate of the masses.” Marx argues that religion is an ideological tool that legitimates and defends the interests of the dominant, wealthy classes in the population. It does so in part by placating the poor and exploited classes. Faced with an arduous and seemingly unjust life in this world, the poor and exploited at least can look forward to a more perfect existence in the afterlife. To reach that afterlife, however, one must peacefully and quietly persevere through life’s tribulation—respecting the life, liberty, and (especially) private property of others. In this way, religion …

Predicting Physical Activity In Arab American School Children, Jeffrey J. Martin, Nate Mccaughtry, Bo Shen

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Theoretically grounded research on the determinants of Arab American children's physical activity is virtually nonexistent. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to evaluate the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social cognitive theory (SCT) to predict Arab American children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Children (N = 348, ages 10–14) completed questionnaires assessing the TPB and SCT constructs as well as MVPA. Using multiple regression analyses we were able to account for 9% of the variance in MVPA. Based on standardized beta-weights, variance accounted for, and the significance of F change, we concluded that SCT variables …

Parental Influences On Adolescent Girl's Goal Orientations, Perceived Competence, Sport Friendship Quality, And Enjoyment, Carla L. Paiffy, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships among critical sport psychosocial perceptions of fathers (N=84), mothers (N=84), and daughters (N=84) in the same family (N=252). Athlete participants were young female soccer players ranging in age from 9 to 14 years. A canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant overall multivariate relationship (Wilks's λ = .485, p<.0001) and one significant function emerged (Rc = .64). The loadings suggested that athlete's perceptions of both mother and father created task involving and worry conducive climates all contributed to the multivariate relationship, predicting athlete's perceived competence, sport friendship …

Quasigeometric Distributions And Extra Inning Baseball Games, Darren B. Glass, Philip J. Lowry

Math Faculty Publications

Each July, the eyes of baseball fans across the country turn to Major League Baseball’s All-Star Game, gathering the best and most popular players from baseball’s two leagues to play against each other in a single game. In most sports, the All-Star Game is an exhibition played purely for entertainment. Since 2003, the baseball All-Star Game has actually ‘counted’, because the winning league gets home field advantage in the World Series. Just one year before this rule went into effect, there was no winner in the All-Star Game, as both teams ran out of pitchers in the 11th inning and …

Inside Unlv, Shane Bevell, Mamie Peers, David Ashley, Diane Russell, Michelle Mouton, Grace Russell

Inside UNLV

No abstract provided.

Review: Willie Mays: Art In The Outfield, Sandy Hester

Georgia Library Quarterly

Review of the non-fiction book "Willie Mays: Art in the Outfield," by Mike Shannon.

An Assessment Of An Education Intervention On Youth Sports Coaches Knowledge Of Concussions, Heidi Elizabeth Brigham

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that sport related concussions are occurring at high rates across the United States. Research has also shown that there are many misconceptions among youth sports coaches regarding concussions. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an educational intervention on the knowledge of concussion recognition, management and prevention for youth sports coaches. A secondary purpose was to compare various relationships between demographic characteristics and the concussion knowledge assessment scores. A twenty-one question multiple choice assessment and 16 option symptom recognition checklist was utilized to assess concussion knowledge prior to and following an educational …

Body Mass Bias In A Competition Of Muscle Strength And Aerobic Power, Paul M. Vanderburgh, Lloyd L. Laubach

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recently, a fitness competition called the Pump and Run (PR) has been popularized. Composed of 2 events, a 5-km road race time (RT) in seconds and a maximal-repetition bench press (BPR) with resistance based on a percentage of body mass (M), the final score (RTadj) equals RT - 30(BPR). From published findings, the authors hypothesized that the PR would impose a bias against heavier competitors. Furthermore, the potential for age bias in this event has not been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate M and age bias in the PR for men and women. For 74 …

Nirsa Members' Perceptions Of Organizational Effectiveness, Corinne M. Daprano, Donna Pastore, Carla Costa

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This study assessed National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) members’ perceptions of effectiveness in a sport association. Specifically, this study investigated the extent to which professional members of NIRSA perceive it to be effective in achieving its stated and operative goals. A stratified systematic sample of professional NIRSA members (N = 600) was selected to complete the survey.

Sweat Rates And Fluid Turnover In Professional Football Players: A Comparison Of National Football League Linemen And Backs, Sandra Fowkes-Godek, Arthur R. Bartolozzi, Richard Burkholder, Eric Sugarman, Chris Peduzzi

Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Lower Limb Coordination And Stiffness During Landing From Volleyball Block Jumps, Gerwyn Hughes, James Watkins

Kinesiology (Formerly Exercise and Sport Science)

The aim of the study was to investigate lower limb coordination and stiffness in five male and five female university volleyball players performing block jump landings. Coordination was assessed using angle – angle plots of the hip – knee, knee – ankle and hip – ankle joint couplings and discrete relative phase (DRP) of right – left joint couplings (i.e. left knee coupled with right knee). Leg stiffness was calculated as the ratio of the change in vertical ground reaction force (GRF) to the change in vertical displacement of the centre of gravity between ground contact and maximum vertical GRF. …