Nursing Commons^™

Perception Of Bsn Nursing Students On Theory-Practice Gap, Emmalyn G. Siclare

Honors College Theses

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Nursing students obtain valuable experience and are greatly influenced by their clinical experience in nursing school. The continuity and translation of lecture content learned in nursing school to the clinical part of nursing school is known as the theory-practice gap, and it is a vital part of nursing students’ education that is suffering. A perceivable theory-practice gap has a profound effect on students’ readiness for entering the nursing profession. This study examines how the theory-practice gap is understood by Bachelor of Science in Nursing students, and solutions for how it can be remedied. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to …

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Nurse Leaders’ Perceptions Of Organisational Policies, Guidelines, And Practices That Enact Children And Young People’S Involvement In Hospitals, Mandie Jane Foster, Julie Blamires, Virginia Jones, Smita Keshoor, Chris Moir, Annette Dickinson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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There is limited literature on nurse leaders’ perceptions of organisational policies, guidelines, and practices that enact children and young people’s (CYP) involvement in hospitals. Nurse leaders within what were the four District Health Board providers of children’s tertiary health services in New Zealand (Auckland, Counties Manukau, Wellington, and Canterbury) were invited to respond to an online survey during November 2022 through to January 2023. The survey was developed by the researchers in accordance with the literature and included 11 open-ended questions. The open-ended questions were analysed iteratively through inductive thematic analysis. Eight out of 24 invited nurse leaders responded to …

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Delirium In The Acute Care Setting From The Families Perspective: A Scoping Review, Amber Mclean, Beverley Ewens, Amanda Towell-Barnard

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aim: To explore the existing literature on delirium within the acute care setting from the family members' perspective and summarise key findings. Design: A scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Review Methods: The Population, Concept, and Context framework recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review protocol identified the main concepts in the primary review question. The inclusion criteria focused on primary research studies from any chronological date that explored the family members' experience of delirium within the acute care setting. Following screening by two independent reviewers, data extraction was …

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Research Publication Performance Of The Australian And New Zealand Nursing And Midwifery Professoriate, Lisa Mckenna, Fiona Bogossian, Simon Cooper, Tracy Levett-Jones, Philippa Seaton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aim: To analyse research publication performance of Australian and New Zealand professors and associate professors of nursing and midwifery, and compare with 2016 data. Methods: A search of university websites was conducted to identify all nursing and midwifery professoriate in Australia and New Zealand. Each individual was then searched in the Scopus database to identify individual total citations, h-index, number of publications, first author Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and overall FWCI. Comparisons with 2016 data were also undertaken. Results: A total of 304 academics were included, comprising 270 from Australia and 34 from New Zealand, and 169 full professors …

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A Survey Of Nurses’ Knowledge Of Evidence-Based Guidelines For Indwelling Urinary Catheter Care, Linda Coventry, Michelle Gay, Amineh Rashidi, Anke Ebeling, Roshnika Fernando, Christine Hallauer, Manjari Jayarathna, Rashmi Shrestha, Blake Smith, Paige Watkins, Rosemary Saunders

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, with catheter-associated urinary tract infections being a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Aim: To assess nurses’ knowledge of evidence-based indwelling urinary catheter care and explore the barriers and facilitators of evidence-based indwelling catheter care. Design: A cross-sectional survey-based study of nurses in an acute private hospital in Western Australia was conducted from March 2021 to April 2021. Methods: Respondents were recruited using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire included (1) demographics, knowledge of: (2) indications, (3) catheter care, (4) catheter-associated urinary tract infections prevention, and two open-ended …

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Application Of Generative Artificial Intelligence By Nurse Academics In Higher Education: A Scoping Review, Jennifer Hamilton, Martina Costello, Lesley Barr, Simon Cooper, Martin Jones

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aim: To systematically map existing research on nurse academics incorporation of generative artificial intelligence when developing teaching and learning resources in higher education and to identify knowledge gaps and future research. Background: Generative artificial intelligence technology is rapidly evolving in healthcare and it's use in nursing higher education is developing. However, concerns regarding its adoption in higher education relate to academic integrity and ethical considerations, including privacy, confidentiality, bias and critical thinking development. Generative artificial intelligence tools present new pedagogy possibilities in nursing higher education; however, the scope and impact of its adoption is unclear. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute …

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Effectiveness Of Prophylactic Foam Dressings In The Prevention Of Sacral Pressure Injuries In At-Risk Hospitalised Patients (Eepoc): A Randomised Control Trial, Rachel M. Walker, Wendy Chaboyer, Lukman Thalib, Sharon Latimer, Haitham Tuffaha, Marie Cooke, Brigid M. Gillespie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Hospital-acquired pressure injuries are a serious patient safety issue with the sacrum the most common location. Silicone foam border dressings are increasingly used in hospitalised patients, yet their clinical and cost-effectiveness in preventing pressure injuries is unclear in some patient cohorts. Objective: To determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a silicone foam border dressing in preventing sacral hospital acquired pressure injuries in at-risk medical-surgical patients. Methods: A prospective, multi-site, parallel group, pragmatic, superiority randomised controlled trial was conducted in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Medical-surgical adult patients (≥ 18 years) at-risk of pressure injury were recruited and randomly allocated to either …

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Emergency Clinicians’ Knowledge And Practice Of Pain Assessment For Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study, Carrie Janerka, Kaoru Nosaka, Aaron Lapuz Alejandro, Jeffery Hughes, Natasya Raja Azlan, Amineh Rashidi, Wenhong Zhao, Rosemary Saunders

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background Older adults with cognitive impairment frequently present to emergency departments and often experience poor pain management. Patients’ impaired self-reporting, limited clinician training, inconsistent use of behavioural tools, and environmental pressures have been reported challenges. This study examined emergency clinicians’ knowledge and practices in assessing pain for this population. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted across two emergency departments in Australia. An 86-item survey collected clinicians’ pain assessment knowledge and practices. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were thematically analysed. Results 148 clinicians (110 nurses, 21 doctors, 17 allied health staff) responded to the survey …

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Quantifying Nurse And Midwife-Led Research Impact: Retrospective Application Of The Framework To Assess The Impact From Translational Health Research (Fait) Model On Two Exemplar Randomised Controlled Trials, Kim Neylon, Rouen, Lisa Whitehead, Greg Sharplin, Kathleen Baird, Marion Eckert

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Nurse- and midwife-led clinical trials are underrepresented in Australia and New Zealand, despite their potential to improve health outcomes and deliver economic value. Demonstrating the broader impact of such research is essential to inform policy and funding decisions. Aim: To assess the utility of the Framework to Assess the Impact from Translational health research (FAIT) in capturing the translational impact of nurse- and midwife-led randomised controlled trials through retrospective application to two exemplar studies. Methods: FAIT was retrospectively applied to the RSVP (nurse-led) and DAME (midwife-led) trials using three components: Modified Payback, Economic Analysis, and Narrative. Program Logic Models …

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Experiences Of First-Year Nursing Students Using Community Volunteers As Simulated Participants For Teaching Safe Medication Administration: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Hugh Davies, Lea Aboo, Kristi Nicholls, Martina Costello, Carol Crevacore

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aims: To explore responses of first-year nursing students to simulated participant methodology and the level of difficulty playing the role of patient experienced by community volunteers. Background: Absence of therapeutic relationships between nurse and patient threatens medication safety. Simulation-based learning provides a safe environment for students to practice medication administration. Design: Cross-sectional survey incorporating Mezirow’s transformative learning theory. Methods: First-year Bachelor of Science Nursing students participated in a simulated medication administration scenario supported by volunteers playing the role of patients. A Likert and open-ended post-simulation questionnaire measured students’ perceptions of realism in the performance of simulated participant volunteers. Simulated participant …

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Barriers And Facilitators To Providing Women Postpartum Care By Health Care Providers In The First 12 Months After Childbirth: A Systematic Qualitative Meta-Aggregation Review, Maryam Rouhi, Silvana Bettiol, Sarah Prior, Narges Rouhi, Theodora Dedo Azu, Christine Stirling, Lynne Staff, Linda Jones, Antigoni Leftherioti, Patricia Nicholson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Introduction: Postpartum care is crucial for maternal and infant health but remains inconsistently administered. This systematic qualitative review aimed to synthesize health care providers’ perspectives by exploring the barriers and facilitators experienced by health care providers in administering optimal maternal care during the first 12 months after childbirth. Methods: A systematic qualitative meta-aggregation review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Peer-reviewed qualitative studies from January 2010 to April 2024 were retrieved from MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. Findings were mapped onto the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Results: Twenty-three studies were included. Four key themes …

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It's The Most Diverse Job I’Ve Ever Had: What Do Registered Nurses Working In Australian Schools Do?, Anita Moyes

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Although nurses have been working in Australian schools for many decades, research has focused primarily on narrow aspects of clinical practice or service delivery in specific regions. The aim of this study was to identify the domains of practice registered nurses report in a typical working day in Australian schools, using interview data from a national sample. Forty-five nurses working in government and nongovernment schools in every state and territory of Australia participated. Interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis ( Elo & Kyngas, 2008). Six distinct domains of practice characterized nursing work in Australian schools: (i) responding to diverse …

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The Contribution Of Nursing And Midwifery To Achieving The Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis, David C. Benton, Andrew D. Benton, Kate Buchanan, Gemma Doleman, Karen Strickland, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Nurses and midwives are central to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the largest regulated sector of the global health workforce and as professions explicitly encouraged by the International Council of Nurses and the World Health Organization to advance the 2030 Agenda. This paper updates a 2016 bibliometric analysis to examine changes in nursing and midwifery scholarly engagement with the SDGs.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis of Scopus, CINAHL Ultimate, and PubMed was undertaken for publications from 2000 to 2025 containing Millennium Development Goal (MDG) or Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) terminology in nursing and midwifery literature. VOSviewer was used …

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Nursing Leadership And Pandemic Preparedness Via Game-Based Learning Simulation: A Narrative Review (Registered Nurses And Undergraduate Nursing Students), Scott James Andrews, Olivia Gallagher, Alecka Miles, Carol Crevacore, Brennen Mills

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Early progression of newly registered nurses into leadership roles is commonplace in clinical settings. Nurses and student nurses can prepare for leadership by gaining exposure through simulation-based learning. A novel and expanding modality are game-based learning (GBL) simulation. Nurse leaders play a crucial role during pandemics, guiding their teams through crises and ensuring effective response strategies. Reviewing the literature to identify the content, structure, and effectiveness of current pandemic preparedness and GBL simulation in nursing education is necessary to identify lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic response to guide workforce preparation for future surge planning. Aim: The aim of …

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Preparation Of Australian Nurses For Contemporary Disability Care: A Desktop Review, Lesley Andrew, Martina Costello

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Approximately 18% of Australians experience disability, with significant health inequities documented in this population. Despite nursing’s crucial role in addressing these inequities, questions remain about nurses’ preparedness to work effectively with people with disability. The review assessed Australian nursing education’s approach to prepare its graduate nurses for disability care in today’s Australia. Using a rigorous desktop analysis methodology, the review evaluated the publicly available undergraduate nursing degree curricula materials from all 32 Australian public universities that offered a preregistration nursing degree in 2024. The review found 50% of nursing degree curricula course materials omitted to mention disability in their publicly …

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Push Dose Vasopressors For The Treatment Of Hypotension, Jennifer Ann Dailey

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

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Millions of Americans experience life-threatening hypotension. Prolonged hypotension results in acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, even cardiac arrest, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality (Khanna et al., 2019; Schuurmans et al., 2024; Singer et al., 2022). Hypotension and its associated complications result in higher hospital costs (Keuffel et al., 2018). While there is a high incidence of hypotension among ICU patients, a smaller percentage of patients require vasopressor infusions regionally and nationally (Moin et al., 2025; Pollard et al., 2019). Local data from a community hospital within a North Texas suburb demonstrates a larger percentage of ICU patients …

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Implementation Of A Food Insecurity Assessment Tool To Improve Health Knowledge Outcomes In Heart Failure Patients, Erica Ballard

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

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Objectives: To implement standardized food insecurity screening using the Adult Food Security Survey Model (AFSSM) and evaluate whether individualized dietitian-led nutrition education and community resource referrals improve nutritional health knowledge and reduce 14-day post discharge emergency department visits among adults hospitalized with heart failure (HF).

Methods: This eight-week quality improvement project was conducted in a 220-bed acute care hospital in Texas. Adult patients with a primary diagnosis of HF were screened using the AFSSM. Patients screening positive for food insecurity were referred to a dietitian for individualized nutrition education based on pre-test results and patient-specific needs. Patients also received information …

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Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes In The Underserved Population Aged 20-60, Sierra Rogers

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

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Background: Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes can contribute to severe prevalent damage across multiple organ systems and blood vessels, which can significantly increase the risk of life-threatening acute and chronic health conditions. This Quality Improvement project evaluated an 8-week Type 2 Diabetes bundle approach in North Central Texas in a family practice clinic.

Methods: The project included adults aged 20 to 60 with a history of a hemoglobin A1C of 9% or higher. Twenty-five patients comprised the specified patient population. The bundle included weekly tele visits that assessed nutritional intake, physical activity, daily blood glucose levels and weekly weight results.

Results: …

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Preventing All-Cause Seven-Day Hospital Readmissions On The Medical Telemetry Unit, Kim-Dung Mai

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

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Aim: To evaluate the impact of a nurse-led discharge education bundle on seven-day all-cause hospital readmissions among adult patients discharged from a medical telemetry unit.

Background: Early hospital readmissions may reflect gaps in discharge preparation, patient understanding, and post-discharge support. Nurse-led transitional care strategies may strengthen patients' ability to manage care following hospitalization.

Methods: A quality improvement (QI) project was implemented on a 24-bed medical telemetry unit in an acute care hospital. The eight-week implementation incorporated teach-back education, simplified written discharge instructions, mobile application education, and nurse-led follow-up calls within 48–72 hours after discharge. Seven-day all-cause readmission rates were compared …

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Improving Hpv Vaccine Rates In A Rural Underserved Community, Alyson M. Morgan

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

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This quality improvement project addressed the compliance rate of HPV vaccination among pediatric patients ages 9-18 within a rural pediatric health clinic in Texas. The purpose of the project was to implement an HPV bundle intervention to improve HPV vaccination rates. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify current evidence supporting the practice change. Exclusion criteria included publication outside the 2020–2025 date range, lack of full-text availability, and publication in a language other than English. Using a Plan-Do-Study-Act design, the intervention was implemented over eight weeks, and outcomes were evaluated using “Provider Knowledge on HPV Tool”, “Levels …

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Bipolar Disorder In Perinatal Women, Ashley Sweeney

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

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Bipolar disorder (BD) during the perinatal period is associated with substantial maternal and infant risks, yet it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Recurrence rates during this period have been reported to reach approximately 71% (Wendt et al., 2021). Symptoms may include mania, hypomania, depression, and postpartum psychosis. Untreated or misdiagnosed BD can adversely affect maternal-infant bonding, increase substance use, and elevate the risk of suicide and other serious adverse outcomes (Zivin et al., 2024; Pike et al., 2024). Misdiagnosis as major depressive disorder and initiation of antidepressant monotherapy can precipitate mania in susceptible individuals. Despite these risks, gaps in screening, diagnosis, …

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Methodological Approaches To Assessing Clinical Reasoning In Simulation-Based Education: An Integrative Review, Dhanya Anand Anil Kumar, Natasya Raja Azlan, Hugh Davies, Debbie L. Massey, Karen Strickland

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aims: Clinical reasoning is a critical skill for nurses, developing progressively through structured education and clinical experience. Simulation-based learning provides nursing students with a safe, immersive environment to develop this skill if it is thoughtfully designed and rigorously implemented. This review addresses a key gap in nursing education research by exploring methodological trends and key elements to consider for developing simulations to assess clinical reasoning in nursing students. Design: An integrative review using Whittemore and Knafl's framework. Data sources: Six databases (CINAHL, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published from 2014 to September 2025. Review …

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Factors Influencing Clinician Escalation Practices For Deteriorating Patients In An Australian Emergency Department, Na Wang, Ruth Endacott, Simon Cooper, Clifford J. Connell

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Physiological deterioration is typically identified through clinical signs and symptoms. There is a growing adoption of emergency department-specific responses to patient deterioration. Although the effectiveness of ward-based Rapid Response Systems is well-documented in the ‘failure-to-rescue’ literature and widely used in acute medical and surgical wards, their implementation and factors influencing failure-to-rescue in emergency department settings are less well understood.

Aim: To explore emergency nurses’ and doctors’ perceptions and experiences of escalation practices for deteriorating patients, including the factors influencing these practices, in an Australian ED.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews and Framework Analysis. Interviews were conducted …

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Infant Formula Introduced Within 24 Hours Of Birth Increases Egg Allergy Risk, Jennie K. Nilsson, Summer V.M. Walker, Susan L. Prescott, Demelza J. Ireland, Sharon L. Perrella, Debra J. Palmer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Breast secretions of colostrum precede milk production in the first few days after birth, providing nutrition and playing a critical role in shaping the newborn's gut microbiome and immune system development. Infants fed commercial milk formula in the first few days consume less colostrum, and previous studies have found an associated increased risk of food allergy.

Objective: To determine the risk of food allergen sensitization and IgE-mediated food allergy development in infants who received any formula during their first 3 days of life.

Methods: In a high-risk (defined by family history) cohort of 563 infants, born at 37 weeks’ …

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International Cardiac Advanced Life Support Course: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis, Nilufeur Mckay, Jody Ede, Jessica Stokes-Parish, Adrian Levine, Helen Walthall, Debbie Massey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Background: Recognising and responding to cardiac surgical deterioration requires a systematic, structured approach that encompasses monitoring, identifying and managing signs and symptoms of post-surgical complications. Cardiac Advanced Life Support (CALS) was originally developed in recognition of this educational requirement and consists of a series of protocols aimed at supporting clinicians’ recognition and response to the deteriorating cardiac surgical patient. Aim: The aim of this analysis was to evaluate participant perceptions of a CALS course using a descriptive online survey. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of post-course online survey responses assessing participant’ perceptions of the CALS course. Results: 331 surveys were returned …

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Midwifery Students' Definitions Of Normal Labor And Birth: A Study From Five Countries, Jalana Lazar, Juliet Wood, Jane Fry, Barbara Baranowska, Urszula Tataj-Puzyna, Debora Dole, Emma Ritchie, Clare Davison, Cindy L. Farley, Felicity Agwu Kalu, Maria Healy, Maria Węgrzynowska

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Introduction: Internationally, many women and birthing people are receiving maternity care interventions as a routine with no medical indication for their use. This medicalized environment influences midwives' practice and, by extension, midwifery students' clinical learning experiences, gaining knowledge and confidence in facilitating normal labor and birth. To educate midwifery students in the provision of high-quality maternal and newborn care, it is important to explore their understanding of normal labor and birth, as this underpins their philosophy of care and will inform their future practice. Methods: An online survey was developed from a review of current evidence. Following ethical approval, the …

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Personal Family-Centred Care For Lgbtq+ Individuals In Acute Hospital Settings: A Scoping Review, Gideon U. Johnson, Bianca Ysabelle Esmeralda, Stephen Pearson, Beverley Ewens, Louise Rose

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aim: To identify and synthesise existing evidence on family-centred care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and other diverse identities (LGBTQ+) people in acute hospital settings, including hospital-based palliative care, oncology, general in-patient and intensive care. Design: A scoping review guided by the JBI methodology. Methods: Nine databases and grey literature sources were searched. Inclusion criteria focused on LGBTQ+ adults and family-related care experiences in hospital-based acute settings. After screening, qualitative, quantitative, and narrative data were extracted. Thematic analysis synthesised findings, with quantitative data narratively integrated. Data Sources: Searches were conducted across nine databases and grey literature up to April …

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National Consensus On The Capabilities That Inform The Role Of Advanced Practice Paramedics: A Delphi Study, Alessia Restiglian, Lorna Martin, David Long, Louise Reynolds, Tony Walker, Ben Meadley, Ashleigh Finn, Alan Batt, Alecka Miles, Tania Johnston, Brendan Shannon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Advanced Practice Paramedics (APPs) are highly skilled paramedics who operate in diverse clinical settings both within and outside traditional ambulance services. International evidence demonstrates that APPs enhance patient outcomes in areas such as critical and primary care. In Australia, the expansion of APP roles and responsibilities has gained momentum; however, no nationally recognised framework exists to define their expected capabilities. This gap leads to inconsistencies in education, practice and role clarity. A standardised capability framework is therefore vital to guide the development, implementation and integration of APP roles within the Australian healthcare system. The primary aim of this study was …

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Factors Influencing Senior Practicum Readiness For Nursing Practice: A Descriptive Correlational Study, Beth Nease Phd, Dnp, Rn, Ne-Bc, Cynthia F. Corbett Phd, Rn, Faan, Stephanie Armstrong Phd, Msn, Rn, Kesheng Wang Phd, Ma, Bs, Kathy Casey, Kong Chen

Faculty Publications

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Background:

This study investigated the influence of belongingness, self-efficacy, and clinical learning support on readiness for nursing practice and explored the role of demographic factors and nursing program differences.

Method:

A quantitative, descriptive approach was used to explore undergraduate prelicensure senior nursing students' perceptions across the United States.

Results:

Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression demonstrated students in traditional Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs reported significantly higher scores across all domains compared with those in associate degree programs (p < .01). Similarly, students in programs with ≤400 clinical hours and those assigned only one preceptor scored significantly higher on all measures (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). Regression analysis indicated self-efficacy and learning support explained 47.9% of the variance in practice readiness (p < .05).

Conclusion:

These findings share how clinical experiences shape students' readiness for nursing practice. Recommendations …

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Effects Of Immediate Skin-To-Skin Contact In Preterm Infants In High-Resource Settings: A Systematic Review, Victoria Rettedal, Siren Rettedal, Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter, Linea Grothe Larsen, Frederikke Buskov, Evalotte Mörelius, Katrin Mehler, Karoline Lode-Kolz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

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Aim: A landmark trial published in 2021 demonstrated a 25% reduction in neonatal mortality when comparing immediate skin-to-skin contact (iSSC) to conventional care in infants with birthweight 1–1.8 kg in low- and middle-resource settings. New evidence from randomised clinical trials on iSSC in high-resource settings has recently become available. This systematic review aimed to evaluate evidence for immediate/early SSC, defined as initiated within 1 h after birth, versus conventional care in inborn preterm infants in high-resource settings.

Methods: Ten electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL, from 2000 until February 2026, were searched. Randomised clinical trials comparing iSSC to …

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