Medical Specialties Commons^™

Advanced Screening For Intimate Partner Violence To Prevent Adverse Pregnancy And Maternal Outcomes, Emilia R. Valdez

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Background: Intimate Partner Violence experienced by pregnant individuals contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal health. A mother’s exposure to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) can affect their ability to carry a healthy pregnancy to term (38 – 40 weeks gestational age) and places them at risk for comorbidities including; Preterm birth, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Low Birth Weight/ Small for Gestational Age, Premature Rupture of Membranes and Miscarriage. The incidence of IPV screening is not accessible to all pregnant individuals due to healthcare providers lack of education, time constraints in the workplace, bias and discomfort towards IPV. The implementation of …

Uterus Didelphys Bicollis Bicolpos —A Case Report, Felix Oindi, Felix Nyagaka

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Uterus didelphys refers to a congenital uterine anomaly that occurs due to failed fusion of the paired Müllerian ducts. It is characterized by two separate noncommunicating uterine horns each with its cervix and fallopian tube. Duplication may be limited to the uterus, cervix or also involve the vagina. Here, we present a case of a 27-year-old primigravida incidentally diagnosed during pregnancy, followed up with cervical cerclage at 13 weeks due to a short cervix and had preterm delivery via cesarean section at 35 weeks. She had a successful pregnancy outcome and an uneventful postnatal course. Uterus didelphys is associated with …

Tuberculosis Screening In The Ambulatory Setting, Children's Mercy Kansas City

Clinical Pathways

No abstract provided.

Aht Diagnoses: The Influences Of Clinical Presentation And Evidence Of Impact, Ruairi Smith-Dewey, Angela Bachim, Colleen Bressler, Kristine Campbell, Lori Frasier, Christopher Greeley, Danielle Horton, Nicole Johnson, Jan Leonard, Megan Letson, Caitlin Mcnamara, Ashley K. Sherman, Shalon Nienow, Joanne Wood, James Anderst

Posters

In cases where Child Abuse Pediatricians (CAPs) diagnose abusive head trauma (AHT) in young children, some factors surrounding the diagnosis have been challenged including causative shaking, necessity of external signs of impact, or concomitant suspicious injuries. Evaluation of CAP diagnoses in children with subdural hemorrhage (SDH) can give insight into factors related to the frequency of abusive head trauma (AHT) diagnoses. Additionally, characterization of those with SDH+CSI without evidence of impact may inform controversies around AHT diagnoses. Objective We aim to compare CAP diagnoses in subjects with SDH across clinical presentations and in the context of evidence of head impact. …

Decreasing Time To Narcotic Pain Medication In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Presenting With Acute Pain Crises In A Pediatric Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Allison Adam, Lina Patel, Christopher Kaberline, Ibad Siddiqi, Leslie Hueschen

Posters

No abstract provided.

A Risk Score To Predict Recurrent High Intensity Inpatient Resource Utilization For Children With Medical Complexity., Charles Maloy, Matt Hall, Jessica L. Bettenhausen, Yr Chan, Leah Jones, Kathryn Kyler, Laura Plencner, Jessica Markham, Jacqueline Walker, Smit Shah, Sian Best, Jonathan Ermer, Shelby Chesbro, Maria Newmaster, Hank Puls

Posters

Background

Children with medical complexity (CMC) use a greater amount of inpatient resources and stand to benefit from unique care models and coordination. However, hospital resources can be limited, and a better understanding of which CMC are high resource users could improve hospital and staff planning.

Objective:

To develop a risk score predictive of recurrent high intensity inpatient utilization among CMC.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children < 18 years old with ≥3 complex chronic conditions (CCC) discharged from one of 48 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System during 2021 and 2022. To reflect CMC typically cared for by a general medical service, children with cardiac procedures, dialysis, oncology, or transplant CCCs, and index hospitalization mortality were excluded. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors present on the index hospitalization associated with ≥5 hospitalizations or ≥3 hospitalizations with one lasting ≥25 days within any 365-day period (high inpatient utilization) in 2021-2023. We developed risk scoring system using model coefficients and defined the optimal risk score cutoff to maximize sensitivity and specificity. We then applied the risk score cutoff to children discharged to determine (a) ratio of predicted:actual CMC with recurrent high resource use and (b) the total predicted daily volume on 50th, 75th, and 90th percentile days for each hospital.

Results:

Of 44,432 included children , 9,596 (21.6%) had high inpatient utilization (Table). Children under 1 year of age had the highest odds of high inpatient utilization (OR 2.26 [95% …

Metaplastic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Chart Review Of Clinical Features, Nidhi Navaratna, Mariam Aoun, Nitya Batra, Mohammad M. Chisti

Conference Presentation Abstracts

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of A M-Health Application Compared To Standard Of Care On Adherence To Preoperative Fasting Instructions Among Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study, Ivy Njeri Wanyoike

Master of Medicine in Anaesthesiology

Background: Preoperative fasting has been a pillar of the practice of anaesthesiology with the main aim of enhancing patient safety by reducing the risk of aspiration. Current clinical guidelines on preoperative fasting guidelines encourage shorter durations of fasting in keeping with current evidence that shows better patient outcomes while maintaining patient safety. Despite this, adherence to preoperative fasting instructions remains universally poor, with patients enduring long fasting periods. Advances in mobile technology, improving internet access and the widespread availability of smartphones have made mobile health a useful tool in patient care. mHealth applications are being increasingly used in perioperative …

Small-Molecule Mitotic Inhibitors As Anticancer Agents: Discovery, Classification, Mechanisms Of Action, And Clinical Trials, Yazmin Salinas, Subhash Chauhan, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

School of Medicine Publications

Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a disease of great concern to millions of people around the world. It has been responsible for a total of 609,820 deaths in the U.S. alone in 2023. Over the years, many drugs have been developed to remove or reduce the disease’s impact, all with varying mechanisms of action and side effects. One class of these drugs is small-molecule mitotic inhibitors. These drugs inhibit cancer cell mitosis or self-replication, impeding cell proliferation and eventually leading to cell death. In this paper, small-molecule mitotic inhibitors are discussed and classified through their discovery, underlying …

Academic Productivity At Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Medicine Fellowship Programs In The United States Has A Weak Positive Correlation With Nonresearch Lifetime Industry Earnings, Benjamin Miltenberg, William Johns, Anthony Baumann, Faheem Pottayil, Bradley Richey, Albert Anastasio, Kempland Walley, Christopher Dodson, Sommer Hammoud

Rothman Institute Papers

PURPOSE: To characterize the relationship between academic productivity, as defined by the h-index, and industry payments for fellowship-trained sports medicine surgeons in faculty positions at sports medicine fellowships.

METHODS: The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine fellowship directory was used to create a comprehensive list of all fellowship programs nationwide. Fellowship websites were then reviewed to generate a list of the teaching faculty associated with each program. Total nonresearch lifetime earnings were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website. Academic productivity of each fellowship faculty was assessed via the h-index. Frequency counts and other descriptive statistic measures …

2025 Research Day Program, Lincoln Memorial University

Research Day

This program contains poster presentation summaries from LMU's 2025 Annual Research Day conference.

Larotrectinib Compared With Real-World Non-Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Inhibitor Therapies In Patients With Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Fusion Cancer, Marcia S. Brose, C. Benedikt Westphalen, Xiaoyun Pan, Vadim Bernard-Gauthier, Milena Kurtinecz, Helen Guo, Virginie Aris, Neil R. Brett, Abdelali Majdi, Vivek Subbiah, Nathan A. Pennell, Kenneth L. Kehl, Alexander Drilon

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusions are oncogenic drivers of various solid tumors. Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor approved for patients with TRK fusion cancer on the basis of single-arm trials. This study was a matched comparative effectiveness study of larotrectinib in clinical trials versus standard of care (SOC) in the real-world (RW) setting.

METHODS: Adult patients with advanced/metastatic TRK fusion non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, thyroid cancer, or salivary gland carcinoma were included. Deduplicated data from RW patients were from US and ex-US data sources. Patients in the larotrectinib …

Vpac Receptor Positivity In Comparison With Mp-Mri In The Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Study, Nishant Setya, Shridhar Ghagane, Rajendra Nerli, Ashwin Bokare, Mathew Thakur, Leonard Gomella

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Objective: The study aimed to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing PCa using voided urine samples and by targeting the genomic VPAC (vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide) receptors in comparison with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) in male patients (≥40 years of age) with lower urinary tract symptoms and having a serum PSA of >4 but < 15 ng/ml.

Patients and methods: Male patients attending urological services ≥40 years old, with lower urinary tract symptoms and serum PSA levels of >4 but < 15 ng/ml formed the study group. Voided urine samples were collected to target VPAC receptors on malignant cells. All patients underwent mp-MRI. A 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed in all, and the results were compared for the diagnosis of PCa.

Results: A total of 61 patients with a median age of 65.33 ± 8.11 years and with a …

Short-Course Subcutaneous Alemtuzumab Induces Clinical Responses In Relapsed T-Cell Large Granular Leukemia, Miguel Ruiz, Zachary Braunstein, Eric Mclaughlin, Anjali Mishra, Pierluigi Porcu, Jonathan E. Brammer

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Experiences And Attitudes Of Caregivers During Mealtimes In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder At A Tertiary Facility In Kenya., Lynnette Muthoni Mwangi

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: - ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and communication along with restrictive and repetitive behaviours affecting 1 in 100 children globally, with a higher prevalence in males. Despite the rising global statistics, there is limited information regarding the prevalence of ASD in Sub-Saharan Africa. Children with ASD often experience feeding challenges, which have been broadly categorized as food selectivity, food refusal, and disruptive mealtime behaviour, which poses challenges for caregivers during mealtime. While medical management of ASD receives considerable attention, less focus has been placed on the impact of ASD on caregivers and …

Increased Rates Of Dysphagia, Longer Length Of Stay, Nonroutine Discharge, And Higher Hospital Costs In Patients Over 65 Undergoing Single-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis, Paul G. Mastrokostas, Leonidas E. Mastrokostas, Ahmed K. Emara, Ian J. Wellington, Elizabeth Ginalis, Jonathan Dalton, Amrit S. Khalsa, Jad Bou Monsef, Afshin E. Razi, Mitchell K. Ng

Rothman Institute Papers

CONTEXT: Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is a safe and effective treatment for cervical spine conditions, with increasing utilization. As the population over 65 grows, understanding the suitability of CDA in older patients is critical.

AIMS: This study evaluates differences in postoperative complications, hospital course, and costs between patients aged 18 and 65 and those over 65 undergoing CDA.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative database of U.S. hospital discharges.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing single-level CDA from 2016 to 2020 were identified. The cohort was divided into two groups: …

More Of Less: Optimizing Opioid Prescriptions For Acute Fractures In The Emergency Department At A Children’S Hospital, Mitch Kinkor, Spencer Young, Colton Schwarz, Nicholas Clark, Michelle Dephillips, Elizabeth Edmundson, Ryan Mcdonough, Warren Teachout

Presentations

Introduction: Deaths related to drug overdose are at record highs, with over 110,000 recorded from May 2022-2023.1 75% of drug overdose deaths can be attributed to opioids.1 Pediatric opioid exposure is significant, with 406,000 American teens reporting illicit opioid use in 2022.2 Increased prescription opioids in circulation leads to increased opportunity for ingestion by children and adolescents. Current literature suggests most pediatric patients may only use one-two days’ worth of opioid doses prescribed for acute pain control, with the rest of prescribed doses going unused.3 From 2022-2023 in the Children’s Mercy Emergency Department (ED), 48% of children prescribed opioids for …

Opportunities For Solid Organ Donation In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sarah Pippin, Ashley Sherman, Julie Weiner, Jotishna Sharma

Posters

Background: Pediatric patients are at an increased risk of mortality when waiting for an organ transplant. Approximately 50% of pediatric patients wait for> a year for a solid organ transplant and infants < 1 year of age have the highest death rate while awaiting transplantation. There are two pathways for organ donation (OD), donation after death by neurologic criteria (DDNC) or donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD). Neonates rarely meet brain death criteria, and since most deaths in the NICU occur aftera planned extubation, DCDD with organ procurement after a planned extubation from mechanical ventilation can be a consideration especially with kidney and liver donations. Organ procurement may be limited by warm ischernic time (WI1); usually :'.S 90 minutes. The question remains which neonates would meet criteria for DCDD.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to characterize theoretical eligibility of DCDD in infants undergoing withdrawal of care in the NICU based on WIT :'.S 90 minutes

Method: Retrospective study of a cohort of infants 2:36 weeks at the time of death who died at a level IV NICU from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022. Demographic information was obtained. Mode of death was categorized as …

Aging-Related Hearing Decline And Resting State Networks, Cassidy S. T. Ellsworth

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study investigated the effects of age-related hearing decline on functional networks using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The main objective of the present study was to examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and graph theory-based network efficiency metrics in forty-nine adults categorized by age and hearing thresholds to identify the neural mechanisms of age-related hearing decline. RsFC within key brain networks and auditory-related brain regions, including the default mode network, salience network, dorsal attention network, and primary auditory cortices, was assessed using region-of-interest (ROI)-based and graph theory approaches. Functional metrics, such as rsFC strength and global and local efficiency, …

Music And Word Learning In Children Diagnosed With Developmental Language Disorder, Rebekah G. Sweeney

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Purpose: This study investigates whether incorporating music into vocabulary interventions improves rate of learning and retention of words in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Emerging literature continues to show the plentiful benefits of music as a tool for intervention in many settings, including the world of speech pathology (Levitin, 2024). However, it is also evident that there is a connection between struggling with language, and struggling with musical elements, such as rhythm and pitch perception, particularly in children with DLD (Boorom et al., 2022; Kreidler et al., 2023). This study seeks to tease out if music is an effective …

Ccr7 Regulated Mechanisms That Limit The Adaptive Immune Response, Jaisel Amilcar Cervantes

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is critical in guiding T cell migration within the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues, shaping the adaptive immune response by promoting central tolerance and regulating immune homeostasis. Although its role in lymphocyte trafficking is well established, the molecular mechanisms by which CCR7 influences thymocyte development and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire formation remain less understood. This study examines how CCR7 deficiency impacts thymic selection, TCR diversity, and the signaling events that shape repertoire restriction. Using a homozygously deleted CCR7 murine model, we found that the absence of CCR7 results in a less restricted TCR repertoire …

Development Of A Self-Management Tool For Individuals With Seizure Clusters: Trial Design And Methodological Report, Molly Mcvoy, Eytan Hirsch, Luisa Londono, Kari Colón-Zimmermann, Jin Seok Cho, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Despite advances in anti-seizure medications (ASMs) for people with epilepsy (PWE), adverse outcomes, negative health events (NHEs), and breakthrough seizures remain common. Rescue medication (RM) can better manage repetitive seizures, but barriers to RM use persist. Self-management for PWE and a history of NHEs (SMART) is an evidence-based epilepsy self-management program aimed at reducing barriers and maximizing facilitators to self-care in high-risk PWE. Methods: This 2-phase, ongoing clinical trial adapts SMART to integrate RM support for PWE with repetitive seizures. Phase 1, now completed, used input from an advisory board (AB) of PWE, caregivers, and clinicians to adapt the …

Redefining Cancer Photodynamic Therapy With Gold Nanoparticles, Zoey A. Lockwood, Michael R. Jirousek, James P. Basilion, Clemens Burda

Faculty Scholarship

Despite advancements made in treatment options, cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained attention as a minimally invasive and highly selective treatment option for cancer. However, challenges due to the hydrophobicity of photosensitizers and their poor tumor selectivity have limited their use in cancer therapy. Recent developments in nanotechnology, particularly the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), help overcome these challenges. AuNPs provide a stable and biocompatible platform to deliver photosensitizers, improving their solubility, stability, and ability to target tumors while reducing side effects. Functionalized AuNPs take advantage of mechanisms like …

Semi-Parametric Testing For Ordinal Treatment Effects In Time-To-Event Data Via Dynamic Dirichlet Process Mixtures Of The Inverse-Gaussian Distribution., Jonathan A Race, Amy S Ruppert, Yvonne Efebera, Michael L Pennell

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

Time-to-event data often violate the proportional hazards assumption under which the log-rank test is optimal. Such violations are especially common in the sphere of biological and medical data where heterogeneity due to unmeasured covariates or time varying effects are common. A variety of parametric survival models have been proposed in the literature which make more appropriate assumptions on the hazard function, at least for certain applications. One such model is derived from the first hitting time paradigm which assumes that a subject's event time is determined by a latent stochastic process reaching a threshold value. Several random effects specifications of …

The Epidemiology Of Sports And Recreation Related Toe Fractures In The United States, Dogerno Norceide, Gabriel I. Onor, Oluwatomi Akingbola, William Justice, Nana F. Amponsah, Abimbola Okulaja, Ifeanyichukwu Onor, Michael Okoronkwo, Chibuikem Nwizu, David Pedowitz

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the toes are among the most frequently diagnosed lower extremity fractures. In sports, toe fractures may present after diverse mechanisms of injury, varying severity, and varying implications for management. This study aimed to discern trends in toe fractures presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) particularly in association with sports and recreational activities. An additional aim of the study was to identify if rates of toe fracture presentation significantly decreased during the year 2020 at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to identify toe fractures presented to …

Hbv Transmission Knowledge Among Korean-American Chronic Hepatitis B Patients In The United States, Giyoung Lee, Hee-Soon Juon, Eunji Kim, Katherine C Smith, Hie-Won Hann, Mimi Chang, Ann C. Klassen

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a condition that disproportionately affects Asian Americans in the United States. Knowledge of transmission is crucial for CHB patients to practice prevention methods to limit the spread of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), but also live their lives free from unwarranted fears or restrictions. Among Asian CHB patients, several misperceptions about HBV transmission have been identified. This analysis aims to assess the current state of HBV knowledge among a cohort of Korean-American CHB patients. This mixed-methods study includes 363 respondents who completed a survey in either Korean (N = 298) or English (N = 65) …

The Multiple Roles Of 5-Lo In Tissue Regeneration – Insights From Translational Animal Models Utilizing Pharmacological And Genetic Approaches, Roel Navarro, Nidhin John, Claudia Biguetti

School of Podiatric Medicine - Student Research

Inflammation following tissue injury is a natural physiological response, where its course, duration, and intensity help determine whether it promotes beneficial or detrimental outcomes in tissue healing. Arachidonic acid (AA) serves as a substrate for5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, which synthesizes metabolites such as leukotrienes that influence both acute and chronic inflammatory response.  AA and its product's inhibitors are currently used to treat hypersensitivity reactions. However, literature suggests potential therapeutic efficacy in tissue healing.

Protective Factors Against Child Maltreatment Among Postpartum Mothers, Maggie Mann, Elizabeth Grady, Matthew Hall, Cristy Toburen, Ann Mattison, Jennifer Anderson, Katie J. Hocker, Francesca Donohue, Heather Williams, Jessica Sprague-Jones, James Anderst, Henry T. Puls

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Aht Diagnoses: The Influences Of Clinical Presentation And Evidence Of Impact, Ruairi Smith-Dewey, Angela Bachim, Colleen Bressler, Kristine A. Campbell, Lori Frasier, Chris Greenley, Danielle Horton, Nicole R. Johnson, Jan Leonard, Megan M. Letson, Dan M. Lindberg, Caitlin R. Mcnamara, Shalon M. Nienow, Ashley K. Sherman, Joanne N. Wood, James Anderst Md, Msci

Presentations

In cases where Child Abuse Pediatricians (CAPs) diagnose abusive head trauma (AHT) in young children, some factors surrounding the diagnosis have been challenged including causative shaking, necessity of external signs of impact, or concomitant suspicious injuries. Evaluation of CAP diagnoses in children with subdural hemorrhage (SDH) can give insight into factors related to the frequency of abusive head trauma (AHT) diagnoses. Additionally, characterization of those with SDH+CSI without evidence of impact may inform controversies around AHT diagnoses. Objective We aim to compare CAP diagnoses in subjects with SDH across clinical presentations and in the context of evidence of head impact. …

Mental Health Diagnoses Amongst Children With Complex Chronic Medical Conditions, Maria Newmaster, Matt Hall, Adrienne Deporre, Molly Krager, Cy Nadler, Laura Plencner, Henry T. Puls

Presentations

Background: Mental health (MH) diagnoses are known to complicate outcomes of underlying medical conditions in pediatrics, but the prevalence of MH diagnoses across the array of medically complex and/or chronic conditions are not well known. Objective: To compare prevalence of MH diagnoses across levels of medical complexity and chronicity, and identify factors associated with MH diagnoses among children with complex chronic conditions (CCC). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included children ages 5-17 years with at least 11 months of continuous Medicaid enrollment in 2022 from the Merative Marketscan Medicaid Database which collects data from all children with Medicaid in the …