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Articles 6091 - 6120 of 8407

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Complete Genome Sequence Of Clostridium Clariflavum Dsm 19732, Javier A. Izquierdo, Lynne Goodwin, Karen W. Davenport, Hazuki Teshima Jan 2012

Complete Genome Sequence Of Clostridium Clariflavum Dsm 19732, Javier A. Izquierdo, Lynne Goodwin, Karen W. Davenport, Hazuki Teshima

Dartmouth Scholarship

Clostridium clariflavum is a Cluster III Clostridium within the family Clostridiaceae isolated from thermophilic anaerobic sludge (Shiratori et al, 2009). This species is of interest because of its similarity to the model cellulolytic organism Clostridium thermocellum and for the ability of environmental isolates to break down cellulose and hemicellulose. Here we describe features of the 4,897,678 bp long genome and its annotation, consisting of 4,131 protein-coding and 98 RNA genes, for the type strain DSM 19732.

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Structural Characterization Of A Conserved, Calcium-Dependent Periplasmic Protease From Legionella Pneumophila, Debashree Chatterjee, Chelsea D. Boyd, George A. O'Toole, Holger Sondermann Jan 2012

Structural Characterization Of A Conserved, Calcium-Dependent Periplasmic Protease From Legionella Pneumophila, Debashree Chatterjee, Chelsea D. Boyd, George A. O'Toole, Holger Sondermann

Dartmouth Scholarship

The bacterial dinucleotide second messenger c-di-GMP has emerged as a central molecule in regulating bacterial behavior, including motility and biofilm formation. Proteins for the synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP and effectors for its signal transmission are widely used in the bacterial domain. Previous work established the GGDEF-EAL domain-containing receptor LapD as a central switch in Pseudomonas fluorescens cell adhesion. LapD senses c-di-GMP inside the cytosol and relays this signal to the outside by the differential recruitment of the periplasmic protease LapG. Here we identify the core components of an orthologous system in Legionella pneumophila. Despite only moderate sequence conservation at …

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Purification And Applications Of A Bacteriophage-Derived Enzyme Chapk Against Problematic Staphylococci., Niamh Marie O'Shea Jan 2012

Purification And Applications Of A Bacteriophage-Derived Enzyme Chapk Against Problematic Staphylococci., Niamh Marie O'Shea

Theses

The bacteriophage K-derived peptidase CHAPk (Cysteine/Histidine-dependant amidohydrolase peptidase) can be produced from E. coli XL 1-Blue. Standard operating procedures for the production, purification and quality assessment of the peptidase were developed and set out in detail in this thesis. CHAPk exhibits strong antistaphylococcal properties and the purified enzyme was evaluated for its potential to eliminate S. aureus from the bovine udder and from human skin. As a teat dip CHAPk reduced the levels of S. aureus by three to five log cycles on both animal and human surfaces. CHAPk activity in milk was evaluated using challenge assays against the bovine …

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Phylogenetic Analysis Of Rotavirus Strains Gl, G3 5g9 5p[8] And P[4] Using Both Neighbour-Joining And Maximum Parsimony, Jenny Cotter Jan 2012

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Rotavirus Strains Gl, G3 5g9 5p[8] And P[4] Using Both Neighbour-Joining And Maximum Parsimony, Jenny Cotter

Theses

Globally rotavirus is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in children and affects nearly all children by the age of 5 years. It also infects adults with most severe symptoms in the elderly or immune compromised. The most common strains associated with human rotavirus gastroenteritis are G1-G4 and G9 along with P[8],[6]and [4].All previous studies used only neighbour-joining method in the phylogenetic analysis of rotavirus genes. In this study rotavirus genes VP7 and VP4 for rotavirus strains G1 .G3 ,G9 , P[8] and P[4] were analysed in MEGA4.0 using both neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony. The main difference in …

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The Effects Of Slow Release Urea On Nitrogen Metabolism In Cattle, Vaughn B. Holder Jan 2012

The Effects Of Slow Release Urea On Nitrogen Metabolism In Cattle, Vaughn B. Holder

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of slow release urea on N metabolism in cattle. The ruminal behavior of Optigen®II and the effect of basal diet on the in situ degradability of urea and Optigen®II were evaluated. The effect of slow release urea and its interaction with degradable intake protein (DIP) level in the diet on N retention and excretion was evaluated utilizing 8 Holstein steers in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment. In addition, the effect of slow release urea and DIP level on ruminal and systemic urea kinetics was evaluated using stable isotope …

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Protection Of The Female Reproductive Tract In The Prevention Of Hiv, Camila Diaz Jan 2012

Protection Of The Female Reproductive Tract In The Prevention Of Hiv, Camila Diaz

HIM 1990-2015

Worldwide, more than half of all HIV-infected individuals are women. Since mucosal surfaces are the primary gateway for HIV entry, maintaining the integrity of the female reproductive tract (FRT) is essential for preventing infection. The FRT employs many immune mechanisms that serve as the first line of defense against HIV transmission. Among these are vaginal fluid secretions rich in antimicrobial peptides, and commensal bacteria that colonize the vagina and prevent infections. We sought to study vaginal fluid as an innate immune component of the FRT in the prevention of HIV infection. Additionally, we investigated the anti-HIV microbicide candidate RC-101 as …

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Physiological Relevance Of A Trna-Dependent Mechanism For Membrane Modification In Enterococcus Faecium, Jesse Harrison Jan 2012

Physiological Relevance Of A Trna-Dependent Mechanism For Membrane Modification In Enterococcus Faecium, Jesse Harrison

HIM 1990-2015

Enterococci were once thought to be harmless, commensal organisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals. In the last 30 years, however, concern has grown in the clinical setting over two particular species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, which are frequently found to be the etiologic agents of nosocomial infections. Aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthases (aaPGSs) are integral membrane proteins that add amino acids to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the cellular envelope of bacteria. Addition of amino acids to PG confers resistance to various therapeutic antimicrobial agents, and contributes to evasion of the host immune response in a number of clinically …

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Why Do We Collect?, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Why Do We Collect?, Allison Marsh

Section 2: Imaging the Microscopic

No abstract provided.

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Spotlight On Usc: A.C. Moore Herbarium, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Spotlight On Usc: A.C. Moore Herbarium, Allison Marsh

Section 2: Imaging the Microscopic

No abstract provided.

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Imaging And Aesthetics, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Imaging And Aesthetics, Allison Marsh

Section 2: Imaging the Microscopic

No abstract provided.

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Listen, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Listen, Allison Marsh

Section 3: Imaging the Fast Moving

No abstract provided.

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Spotlight On Usc: Mechanical Engineering, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Spotlight On Usc: Mechanical Engineering, Allison Marsh

Section 3: Imaging the Fast Moving

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Evidence, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Photographic Evidence, Allison Marsh

Section 3: Imaging the Fast Moving

No abstract provided.

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Influencing Art, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Influencing Art, Allison Marsh

Section 3: Imaging the Fast Moving

No abstract provided.

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Control And Passive Treatment Of Runoff From Horse Muck Storage Structures Using Rain Gardens, Hillary K. Otte Jan 2012

Control And Passive Treatment Of Runoff From Horse Muck Storage Structures Using Rain Gardens, Hillary K. Otte

Theses and Dissertations--Forestry and Natural Resources

Runoff from livestock operations may contain a variety of pathogens and high levels of nutrients and other harmful contaminants, and is of particular concern in central Kentucky as watersheds are threatened by waste generated from a high concentration of equine activity. Rain gardens are a type of stormwater management tool used to capture and passively treat runoff. This project aimed to incorporate rain gardens into the horse muck storage structures at a thoroughbred facility in the Canr Run watershed in Lexington, Kentucky. Water quality data from soil water within two rain garden muck pads and two control pads, and grab …

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Investigation Of The Membrane Interactions Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Secreted Factors Esat-6 And Cfp-10, Joaquin A. De Leon Jan 2012

Investigation Of The Membrane Interactions Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Secreted Factors Esat-6 And Cfp-10, Joaquin A. De Leon

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis, infecting about one-third of human race. Infections are not vast in the United States when compared to many other countries, yet many cases seen in the United States are of those who have immigrated to the United States. The Hispanic/Latino population in the United States contributes to a large fraction of those infected with tuberculosis in the United States. During this study we purified recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted factors ESAT-6 and CFP-10 from Escherichia coli. Here we have introduced a method in which we can refold and purify …

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Chemoorganotrophic Bacteria Isolated From Biodeteriorated Surfaces In Cave And Catacombs, Filomena De Leo, Agnese Iero, Gabrielle Zammit, Clara E. Urzi Jan 2012

Chemoorganotrophic Bacteria Isolated From Biodeteriorated Surfaces In Cave And Catacombs, Filomena De Leo, Agnese Iero, Gabrielle Zammit, Clara E. Urzi

International Journal of Speleology

The main objective of this work was the comparative analysis of a large number of bacterial strains isolated from biodeteriorated surfaces in three different sites, namely the catacombs of St. Callistus in Rome, Italy, the catacombs dedicated to St. Agatha in Rabat, Malta and the Cave of Bats in Zuheros, Spain. Our results showed that even considering only culturable chemoorganotrophic bacteria the variability is very high, reflecting the great variety of microhabitats present. Hence any strategies to prevent, control or eliminate the biofilm-embedded microbiota from an archeological surface should take into account a number of considerations as stipulated in our …

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Bacterial Community Survey Of Sediments At Naracoorte Caves, Australia, Eric M. Adetutu, Krystal Thorpe, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Steven Bourne, Xiangsheng Cao, Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard, Greg Kirby, Andrew S. Ball Jan 2012

Bacterial Community Survey Of Sediments At Naracoorte Caves, Australia, Eric M. Adetutu, Krystal Thorpe, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Steven Bourne, Xiangsheng Cao, Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard, Greg Kirby, Andrew S. Ball

International Journal of Speleology

Bacterial diversity in sediments at UNESCO World Heritage listed Naracoorte Caves was surveyed as part of an investigation carried out in a larger study on assessing microbial diversity in caves. Cave selection was based on tourist accessibility; Stick Tomato and Alexandra Cave (> 15000 annual visits) and Strawhaven Cave was used as control (no tourist access). Microbial analysis showed that Bacillus was the most commonly detected microbial genus by culture dependent and independent survey of tourist accessible and inaccessible areas of show (tourist accessible) and control caves. Sediment bacterial groups were assigned to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The survey …

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Identification Of Factors That Promote The Growth Of Dormant Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis, Thu Minh Cao Jan 2012

Identification Of Factors That Promote The Growth Of Dormant Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis, Thu Minh Cao

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Johne's disease, which is caused by the acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Mpt), is a chronic, inflammatory intestinal disease that primarily affects ruminants. This disease has a significant effect on the economics of dairy farming. Mpt has a remarkable ability to survive in host tissues for 2-6 years without producing any signs of infection. However, the reliability of diagnostic techniques is limited only to those animals with clinical disease. This may be due to the entry of the organism into a dormant state, which has been reported for other mycobacteria. Reversion to the actively growing state (resuscitation) would improve …

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Extending The Shelf-Life Of Tomato Using By-Product From Cheese Indistry., Lubna Ahmed, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan Jan 2012

Extending The Shelf-Life Of Tomato Using By-Product From Cheese Indistry., Lubna Ahmed, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Daniel Rico, Catherine Barry-Ryan

Articles

The effects of three whey permeates were investigated as potential natural washing treatment for fresh-cut tomato and compared with chlorine (120 ppm). Whey permeate treated samples resulted in equivalent or better than chlorine for all these attributes. Whey permeates were equally effective as chlorine to control the micro-organisms of fresh-cut tomato during storage. The microbial counts at day 10 were significantly reduced (~1.0 log CFU/g) in all the treated samples compared to the control (water treated) samples. Moreover whey permeate treated fresh-cut tomatoes showed lower water activity (2 %) and POD activities (21%) than chlorinated samples after 10 days of …

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Editorial: Predicative Modelling Of Food Quality And Safety Special Issue, Vasilis Valdramidis, Jesus Maria Frias Jan 2012

Editorial: Predicative Modelling Of Food Quality And Safety Special Issue, Vasilis Valdramidis, Jesus Maria Frias

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Development And Validation Of A Novel Reporter Assay For Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Late Gene Expression, Beatrice Orru, Ciaran Cunniffe, Fergus Ryan, Stefan Schwartz Jan 2012

Development And Validation Of A Novel Reporter Assay For Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Late Gene Expression, Beatrice Orru, Ciaran Cunniffe, Fergus Ryan, Stefan Schwartz

Articles

To facilitate the investigations of HPV-16 late gene expression HPV-16 reporter plasmids were generated using previously described sub-genomic HPV-16 plasmids, named pBEL and pBELM, that, similar to the full viral genome, produce primarily HPV-16 early mRNAs and very little, if any, late mRNAs in cervical cancer cells. The HPV-16 late L1 gene was replaced by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, or green fluorescent protein (GFP), preceded by the poliovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Results show that the reporter genes mimic the expression of L1 from these plasmids. For example, overexpression of adenovirus E4orf4 protein (E4orf4), polypyrimidine tract binding …

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Capturing Motion, Allison Marsh Jan 2012

Capturing Motion, Allison Marsh

Section 3: Imaging the Fast Moving

No abstract provided.

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Further Characterization Of The Nodamura Virus Rna2 3'-Terminal Stem Loop Structure And Its Role In Viral Rna Replication, Joshua Frederick Jan 2012

Further Characterization Of The Nodamura Virus Rna2 3'-Terminal Stem Loop Structure And Its Role In Viral Rna Replication, Joshua Frederick

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Nodamura virus (NoV) is an excellent model system for studying many aspects of the life cycle of positive-strand RNA viruses. NoV's simple genome organization and ability to replicate its genome to high levels in a wide variety of host cells, including plants, yeast, insects and mammals (Ball et al., 1992; Garzon et al., 1978, 1990; Murphy et al., 1970; Price et al., 2005; Scherer & Hurlbut, 1967; Selling et al., 1990; reviewed by Ball & Johnson, 1998), make it a prime model system for studying the basic mechanisms of viral RNA replication. Other positive-strand RNA viruses, including those that are …

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Soil Microbial Community Response To Climate Change: Results From A Temperate Kentucky Pasture, Lindsey C. Slaughter Jan 2012

Soil Microbial Community Response To Climate Change: Results From A Temperate Kentucky Pasture, Lindsey C. Slaughter

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Climate change is likely to alter plant species composition and interactions between plants and soil microbes that together dictate the quantity and quality of forage produced in pastures, the base of animal production in central Kentucky. This study assessed the seasonal dynamics of soil microbes and their response to increased temperature (+3oC) and growing season precipitation (+30% of the mean annual). Total soil microbial biomass, community composition, enzyme activities, potential carbon mineralization, and catabolic responses to selected substrates were measured seasonally in the different climate treatments. In this system, seasonal variability was a dominant driving factor for all …

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Examining Autoimmune Sequelae During Cancer Immunotherapy In A Combined Autoimmune Thyroiditis And Tumor Mouse Model, Suresh Kari Jan 2012

Examining Autoimmune Sequelae During Cancer Immunotherapy In A Combined Autoimmune Thyroiditis And Tumor Mouse Model, Suresh Kari

Wayne State University Dissertations

Some clinical trials of immunotherapeutic agents against cancers have resulted in the development of autoimmune sequelae, including autoimmune thyroiditis. It has been suggested that the immunotherapy resulted in an alteration in the immunoregulatory mechanism(s). Using experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), a mouse model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been well established; inhibition of Tregs leads to enhanced thyroiditis with repeated doses of mouse thyroglobulin (mTg) without adjuvant. To simulate cancer patients, we developed a combined EAT and tumor model in our EAT-susceptible mice (CBA/J). In first establishing the tumor model, we found Treg depletion …

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Membrane-Bound Immunomodulators As Adjuvants In A Cell Culture-Based Avian Influenza Vaccine, David Daniel Fischer Jan 2012

Membrane-Bound Immunomodulators As Adjuvants In A Cell Culture-Based Avian Influenza Vaccine, David Daniel Fischer

Wayne State University Dissertations

Inactivated viral vaccines often generate suboptimal immune responses. Adjuvants are incorporated into vaccines to increase their immunogenicity, however currently available adjuvants have shortcomings which have limited their use in human and veterinary medicine. This necessitates the development of new adjuvants and delivery systems. Cytokines have been extensively tested as adjuvants in vaccines but challenges such as diffusion from antigen, short half-lives and production costs have been encountered. To address this, we developed a technology that efficiently produces inactivated, whole-virus influenza vaccine bearing membrane-bound cytokines. Tethering the cytokine to the antigen of interest keeps the immunomodulator in close contact with the …

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Stability Of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns In Agricultural Pastures: Lessons From Kentucky, Usa, Sloane Ritchey, Siva Gandhapudi, Mark Coyne Jan 2012

Stability Of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns In Agricultural Pastures: Lessons From Kentucky, Usa, Sloane Ritchey, Siva Gandhapudi, Mark Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Diversity And Dynamics Of Bacterial Communities In Early Life Stages Of The Caribbean Coral Porites Astreoides, Koty H. Sharp, Dan Distel, Valerie J. Paul Jan 2012

Diversity And Dynamics Of Bacterial Communities In Early Life Stages Of The Caribbean Coral Porites Astreoides, Koty H. Sharp, Dan Distel, Valerie J. Paul

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

In this study, we examine microbial communities of early developmental stages of the coral Porites astreoides by sequence analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging. Bacteria are associated with the ectoderm layer in newly released planula larvae, in 4-day-old planulae, and on the newly forming mesenteries surrounding developing septa in juvenile polyps after settlement. Roseobacter clade-associated (RCA) bacteria and Marinobacter sp. are consistently detected in specimens of P. astreoides spanning three early developmental stages, two locations in the Caribbean and 3 years of collection. Multi-response permutation procedures analysis …

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Establishment Of A Quiescent Infection Of Hsv-1 In L929 Fibroblasts Using A Mitotic Inhibitor And Ifn-Γ, Neelam V. Shinde Jan 2012

Establishment Of A Quiescent Infection Of Hsv-1 In L929 Fibroblasts Using A Mitotic Inhibitor And Ifn-Γ, Neelam V. Shinde

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The goal for this study was to determine if a quiescent infection of HSV-1 could be induced in murine fibroblasts L929 by treating them with the anti-mitotic agent 5-fluoro 2'deoxy uridine (FUDR) alone and with interferon-γ. Since neurons are post-mitotic and exhibit a lower metabolic rate than other cells, fibroblasts were treated with FUDR to induce a post-mitotic state. The cell cycle arrest of fibroblasts would decrease the thymidylate metabolism and impair HSV-1 replication. An evaluation of cytopathic effects of FUDR was used to determine the optimal concentration which arrests cell growth and inhibits viral replication. Image J program developed …

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