Forest Sciences Commons^™

A Study Of Olive Mill Wastewaters Obtained From Different Treatment Processes Effects Onchemical And Microbial Properties Of A Typic Xerofluvent Soil And Wheat Yield, Nur Okur, Hüseyi̇n Hüsnü Kayikçioğlu, İhsan Bülent Okur, Bülent Yağmur, Deli̇a Teresa Sponza, Recep Serdar Kara

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to investigate the potential for the usability of treated olive mill wastewater (OMW) as an organic amendment in agricultural soils under Mediterranean climate conditions. OMW was treated by two different treatment processes as economical (E-OMW) and advanced (A-OMW). The treated OMWs and raw OMW (R-OMW) were applied to a loamy soil at a rate of 100 m3 ha-1 year-1 for 2 years. Soils were sampled 15 days and about 5 months (at harvest) after OMW application for chemical and microbial analyses in each year. The total concentrations of N, P, Cu, Zn, and phenol of …

Study Of The Physicochemical Properties Of Highbush Blueberry And Wild Bilberry Fruit Incentral Bosnia, Jasmina Aliman, Izabela Michalak, Edin Busatlic, Lamija Aliman, Mirko Kulina, Mirjana Radovic, Jasna Hasanbegovic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Although around the globe numerous studies have been conducted on the nutritional composition of blueberry/bilberry and its effect on human health, very little is known about the fruit in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the first report regarding the physical and chemical characteristics of the cultivated highbush blueberry and bilberry harvested in the same climatic conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper we present the physical (weight) and chemical (soluble solids content, total sugars, titratable acidity, pH, and total phenols) properties of the wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cultivated highbush-'Earliblue', 'Bluegold', 'Bluecrop', 'Goldtraube'-blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Among the …

Properties Of Fiberboards Produced From Kermes Oak (Quercus Coccifera L.) And Brutianpine (Pinus Brutia Ten.) Woods, Gürcan Güler, Sami̇m Yaşar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study the utilization of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) wood, which could be used as an industrial raw material for the production of fiberboard, was investigated. In the experimental design, boards were produced from mixtures of kermes oak and brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) fibers in ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. The chemical and thermal characteristics of the fibers used were determined, and the effects of these characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of the produced fiberboards were revealed. The main chemical component analysis indicated that kermes oak fibers contained higher quantities of extractives, …

Association Mapping Of Several Nut Characters In Walnut (Juglans Regia L.), Erdal Orman, Duygu Ateş, Esi̇n Özkuru, Serra Hepaksoy, Sali̇h Kafkas, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In the current study, significant variations were identified for seven fruit traits of the walnut accessions. The highest correlations were detected between nut height and nut width, and between nut weight and kernel weight. Most traits had a continuous normal binominal distribution. A total of 16,774 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on diversity arrays technology were generated and after filtering the missing data, the remaining 13,611 SNP data were used for genotyping. STRUCTURE (v.2.2) analysis revealed two possible scenarios (K = 3 and K = 5) according to the results of ΔK computation. While K = 3 indicated that walnut …

Does Masting Scale With Plant Size? High Reproductive Variability And Low Synchrony In Small And Unproductive Individuals, Michał Bogdziewicz, Jakub Szymkowiak, Rafael Calama, Elizabeth E. Crone, Josep M. Espelta, Peter Lesica, Shealyn Marino, Michael A. Steele, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Andrew Tyre, Magdalena Żywiec, Dave Kelly

Brigitte Tenhumberg Papers

Background and Aims In a range of plant species, the distribution of individual mean fecundity is skewed and dominated by a few highly fecund individuals. Larger plants produce greater seed crops, but the exact nature of the relationship between size and reproductive patterns is poorly understood. This is especially clear in plants that reproduce by exhibiting synchronized quasi-periodic variation in fruit production, a process called masting.

Methods We investigated covariation of plant size and fecundity with individual-plant-level masting patterns and seed predation in 12 mast-seeding species: Pinus pinea, Astragalus scaphoides, Sorbus aucuparia, Quercus ilex, Q. humilis …

Hydrochorous Seed Dispersal In Riparian Forests Altered By Urbanization, Christa Von Behren, J. Alan Yeakley

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

While riparian habitat alterations from urban stream syndrome are known to affect vegetation establishment and survival, the degree to which riparian seed delivery by hydrochory is affected by urbanization is unclear. We hypothesized that (1) there would be a reduction in the overall number of seeds deposited by streams as watershed urbanization increased; and (2) in the most urbanized watersheds, seeds deposited by water would be predominantly from species with traits favoring dispersal in general, including tall stature and high seed production, and favoring deposition by water in particular, including large seed size and the presence of a dispersal appendage. …

Fire And Land Cover Change In The Palouse Prairie–Forest Ecotone, Washington And Idaho, Usa, Penelope Morgan, Emily K. Heyerdahl, Eva K. Strand, Stephen C. Bunting, James P. Riser Ii, John T. Abatzoglou, Max Nielsen-Pincus, Mara Johnson

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Prairie–forest ecotones are ecologically important for biodiversity and ecological processes. While these ecotones cover small areas, their sharp gradients in land cover promote rich ecological interaction and high conservation value. Our objective was to understand how historical and current fire occurrences and human development influenced the Palouse Prairie–forest ecotone. We used General Land Office survey field notes about the occurrence of bearing trees to locate historical (1870s to 1880s) prairie, pine savanna, and forest at the eastern edge of the bioregion. We combined LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation classes to contrast historical land cover with current land cover. We reconstructed …

Disturbance Refugia Within Mosaics Of Forest Fire, Drought, And Insect Outbreaks, Meg A. Krawchuk, Garrett W. Meigs, Jennifer M. Cartwright, Jonathan D. Coop, Raymond Davis, Andres Holz, Crystal Kolden, Arjan Jh Meddens

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Disturbance refugia – locations that experience less severe or frequent disturbances than the surrounding landscape – provide a framework to highlight not only where and why these biological legacies persist as adjacent areas change but also the value of those legacies in sustaining biodiversity. Recent studies of disturbance refugia in forest ecosystems have focused primarily on fire, with a growing recognition of important applications to land management. Given the wide range of disturbance processes in forests, developing a broader understanding of disturbance refugia is important for scientists and land managers, particularly in the context of anthropogenic climate change. We illustrate …

The Fire And Tree Mortality Database, For Empirical Modeling Of Individual Tree Mortality After Fire, C. Alina Cansler, Sharon M. Hood, J. Morgan Varner, Phillip J. Van Mantgem, Michelle C. Agne, Matthew Ayres, Robert A. Andrus, Jonathon D. Bakker, Michael A. Battaglia, Shelby A. Weiss, Multiple Additional Authors

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Wildland fires have a multitude of ecological effects in forests, woodlands, and savannas across the globe. A major focus of past research has been on tree mortality from fire, as trees provide a vast range of biological services. We assembled a database of individual-tree records from prescribed fires and wildfires in the United States. The Fire and Tree Mortality (FTM) database includes records from 164,293 individual trees with records of fire injury (crown scorch, bole char, etc.), tree diameter, and either mortality or top-kill up to ten years post-fire. Data span 142 species and 62 genera, from 409 fires occurring …

Remote Sensing Approaches To Predict Forest Characteristics In Northwest Montana, Ryan P. Rock

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Remote sensing can be utilized by land management organizations to save money and time. Mapping vegetation using either aerial photographs or satellite imagery and the applications for forest management are of particular interest to the Montana Department of Natural Resources. In 2018, the organization began a pilot program to test the incorporation of raster analysis of remotely sensed data into their inventory program and had limited success. This analysis identified two areas of improvement: the selection method of inventory plots and the imagery used for classification and metrics. This study found that selecting inventory plots using a generalized random tessellation …

Organizational Influence On Knowledge Co-Production, Evora Dakota Glenn

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches are needed to effectively address the challenges facing our complex social-ecological systems. To meet this need, many approaches, including co-production, have been proposed to overcome the difficult relationship between science and governance, often termed a ‘gap’, which can continue to impede natural resource problem solving. Co-production is an iterative process that engages scientists, managers, and community members in knowledge creation and problem solving. Evidence indicates that participants are more likely to view co-produced knowledge as more salient, legitimate, and credible, and that they are more likely to use it. Evidence also indicates that this iterative and …

Alternative Water Sources In Western Conifers Via Foliar Uptake And Hydraulic Redistribution, Ariel Sol Weisgrau

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Water is often the most limiting resource in a plant’s environment. Plants that can maximize their ability to acquire water improve their chances of success. Outside of the traditional soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, plants can alternatively acquire water via foliar uptake of water and hydraulic redistribution (HR) of deep water. This study used greenhouse-based experiments to investigate water use and physiology in four conifer species native to the western U.S.: Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriére (PISI), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (PSME), Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. (SESE), and Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don (THPL). First, this work investigated the capacity for foliar …

Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis, And Expression Patterns Of The Saur Gene Family Inloquat (Eriobotrya Japonica), Xiaoqing Gan, Yi Jing, Muhammad Qasim Shahid, Yehua He, Faheem Shahzad Baloch, Shunquan Lin, Xiang Hui Yang

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Small auxin-up RNAs (SAURs) are the most frequent and primary auxin responsive genes, and they are commonly used as early auxin-responsive markers. Until now, no SAUR gene has been identified in Eriobotrya plants. In this study, we used Arabidopsis SAUR sequences as a query to search against the loquat genome sequence. In total, we obtained 57 SAUR genes in loquat, hereafter referred to as Eriobotrya japonica SAUR(EjSAUR) genes, which ranged from 267 to 735 bp in the coding sequence with predicted proteins of 88?244 aa. A total of 47 EjSAURgenes were distributed on 11 chromosomes of the loquat genome. Based …

Comparison Of Unmanaged And Managed Trojan Fir-Scots Pine Forests For Structuralcomplexity, Ferhat Kara, John M. Lhotka

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Unmanaged forests may exhibit a higher degree of biodiversity compared to managed forests. We examined and compared the stand structure, density, and volume of deadwood components of managed and unmanaged mixed forests of Trojan fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss] Coode & Cullen)-Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Turkey. The single-tree selection method has been employed in the managed forests. Density of large live trees ha-1, density of standing deadwood (SDW) ha-1, and volume of lying deadwood (LDW) (m3 ha-1) were calculated for both treatments (i.e. managed or unmanaged). Results showed that unmanaged forests had …

Comparison Of Metamitron Efficiency For Postbloom Thinning Of Young 'Gala' And'golden Delicious' Apple Trees, Dragan D. Radivojevic, Jasminka Milivojevic, Milos Pavlovic, Matej Stopar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the thinning efficacy of metamitron applied either alone (single or double application) or in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in young 'Gala' and 'Golden Delicious' apple trees. The experiment was carried out during the first three crop seasons, 2014, 2015, and 2016, at the commercial orchard located on the mountain Fruska Gora, Serbia. Application of chemical thinners was carried out at two fruit diameter stages (6-9 and 12-15 mm). The number of fruit and yield per tree, fruit size distribution, parameters of fruit ripeness, and return bloom were …

Larvicidal Effect Of Achillea Biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) Essential Oil Against Larvaeof Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea Pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)(Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), Memi̇ş Kesdek, Şaban Kordali, Ayşe Usanmaz Bozhüyük, Melek Güdek

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The pine processionary moth, Taumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), is an important pest of coniferous trees in the forests of Turkey and throughout the world. In order to control this pest, different methods such as mechanical, biological, and chemical control have been used. However, this pest is still a major problem in Turkey, as well as globally. The study aimed to investigate the larvicidal effect of essential oil obtained from Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) in different doses (10, 15, and 20 μL Petri-1) over time (12, 24, 36, and 48 h) against T. pityocampa larvae in laboratory …

Vigor Difference During Storage And Germination In Indian Mustard Explained By Reactiveoxygen Species And Antioxidant Enzymes, Nipa Biswas, Sangita Yadav, Shiv Yadav, Ravish Choudhary, Navinder Saini, Anil Dahuja, Sujata Vasudev, Devendra Kumar Yadav

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Canola-type genotypes in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) are a new kind of quality resource developed for their low levels of erucic acid (

Sugar Beet Root Rot Caused By Oomycetous Pathogensin Turkeyand Their Control By Seed Treatment, Meltem Avan, Gülsüm Palacioğlu, Tüli̇n Sarigül Ertek, Yakup Zekai̇ Katircioğlu, Harun Bayraktar, Riza Kaya, Sali̇h Maden

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to determine the oomycetous pathogens causing root roton sugar beet and test their control by seed treatment in Konya Province, Turkey. Oomycetous fungus-like pathogens of sugar beet were investigated using 866 plant samples collected at 2 growth stages, early seedling and late root, from fields in the Konya region of Turkey and 1 sample from the Thrace region. Herein, 10 oomycetous species belonging to 3 genera:Aphanomyces cochlioides, Phytophthora cryptogea, Ph. pseudocryptogea, Ph. megasperma, Ph. inundata, Pythium aphanidermatum, Py. helicoides, Py. heterothallicum, Py. Sylvaticum, and Py. Ultimum var. ultimum (Globisporangium ultimum var. ultimum) were discovered …

Application Of Handheld Laser Scanning Technology For Forest Inventory Purposes In Thene Turkey, Can Vatandaşlar, Mustafa Zeybek

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Forest inventory (FI) is the most challenging stage of forest management and planning process. Therefore, in situ surveys are often reinforced by modern remote sensing (RS) methods for collecting forestry-related data more efficiently. This study tests a stateof- the-art data collection method for practical use in the Turkish FI system for the first time. To this end, forest sampling plots were conventionally measured to collect dendrometric data from 437 trees in Artvin and Saçınka Forest Enterprises. Then, each plot was scanned using a handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS) instrument. Finally, HMLS data were compared against ground measurements via basic FI …

Effect Of The Height Of The Stem On The Polysaccharide Composition Ofpinus Brutia (Ten) Wood And Kraft-Pulp, Ayben Kiliç Pekgözlü, Muhsi̇n Taş, Esra Ceylan, Jarl Hemming

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The first goal of this study was to determine the polysaccharide composition of Pinus brutia wood and how this composition changes during kraft pulping. The second goal was to determine the effect of the stem height on chemical composition. The content of hemicelluloses was about 280 mg/g at a height of 1.3 m, whereas the content was about 300 mg/g at the top of the stem (4.3 m). The main sugars in the wood of P. brutia were mannose (102 mg/g dw), xylose (69 mg/g dw), and glucose (44 mg/g dw). During kraft pulping, 52% of the total hemicelluloses were …

Seed Biopriming Mitigates Terminal Drought Stress At Reproductive Stage Of Maize Byenhancing Gas Exchange Attributes And Nutrient Uptake, Hamid Nawaz, Nazim Hussain, Moazzam Jamil, Azra Yasmeen, Asad Bukhari, Muhammad Auringzaib, Muhammad Usman

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop around the globe. Scarcity of water is one of the major abiotic factors reducing yields in this crop. The development of maize varieties with stress-tolerant traits is time-consuming and laborious work. There is a strong need to develop techniques that could have the effect of reducing irrigation requirements and mitigating waterstress conditions. Biopriming (seed priming with bacterial inoculation) is a newly emerging, simple, and easily adaptable strategy to mitigate drought stress for enhanced crop production. The current trial was executed using a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements during the …

The Effect Of Nitrogen Applications On The Growth Of Young Olive Trees And Nitrogen Useefficiency, Isabel Ferreira, Margari̇da Arrobas, José Moutinho-Pereira, Carlos M. Correia, Manuel Angelo Rodrigues

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Two field trials (FieldExp1 and FieldExp2) and a pot experiment (PotExp) were c0onducted over a period of 3 years to assess olive tree response to nitrogen (N) applications and to estimate apparent N recovery. FieldExp1 was installed in a 3-year-old olive grove. FieldExp2 consisted of a plantation of young rooted plants. Two treatments were applied in both experiments: N application and a nonfertilized control. In PotExp, 4 N rates were used. In FieldExp1, olive yield significantly increased with applied N in only 1 of the 3 growing seasons. In FieldExp2, aboveground dry matter yield significantly increased with N application. In …

Endogenous Gibberellins And Abscisic Acid-Metabolites: Their Role For During Flower Budabscission And Embryo Development In Pistachio, Muhammet Ali̇ Gündeşli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different growth periods and possible role of gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolites on the alternate bearing of the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). For this purpose, the levels of GAs and ABA in the panicles and nuts of the trees during flower bud abscission and embryo development were analyzed in the crop "on" year. The results showed significant differences and changes in ABA and GAs among the tissues and periods investigated. Dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) and GA19 were the dominant ABA and GAs in the pistachio concentrates analyzed in this …

The Effect Of Putrescine On Dna Methylation On Cabbage Plant Under Salt Stress Conditions, Emi̇ne Orhan, Furkan Uzundumlu, Esma Yi̇ği̇der, Murat Aydin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Although studies on tolerance to abiotic stress conditions in cabbage species and varieties have been carried out, these studies have generally been conducted in field and greenhouse pot experiments. In such studies, morphological measurements and evaluations have been made. However, there are deficiencies in physiological and molecular detection studies. Therefore, this study focused on detecting any DNA methylation change in the genome of cabbage seedlings when NaCl (salt stress) in combination with putrescine (Put) was applied. Different concentrations of NaCl and Put were applied to white head cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. cv Yalova-F1). Germination rate, root length, shoot length, seedling …

Evaluation Of Some Melon Lines For Their Resistance Against Melon Aphid,Aphis Gossypii Glover, Musa Kirişik, Mi̇ne Ünlü, Fedai̇ Erler

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which has a very wide host range including cucurbit species, causes serious direct and indirect damage to many crops. In both greenhouse and open field melon cultivation in Antalya (in southwestern Turkey), the control of this pest generally depends on the use of chemical insecticides, resulting in a rapid increase in resistance to a wide range of insecticides. In the present study, a total of 23 melon lines (22 indigenous and 1 exotic) belonging to 2 varieties (Cucumis melo var. inodorus and C. melo var. reticulatus) were evaluated for resistance to the …

Manipulating Genome Of Diploid Potato Inbred Line Solanum Chacoense M6 Using Selectable Marker Gene, Sarbesh Das Dangol, İlknur Yel, Mehmet Emi̇n Çalişkan, Allah Bakhsh

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The development of transgenic potatoes is imperative to investigate various gene functions as well as to develop robust potato varieties resistant to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Directing a potato breeding program from cultivated tetraploids to self-compatible diploid lines will be highly helpful for potato breeders. However, diploid potatoes are considered recalcitrant to regeneration. We aimed to develop a protocol for the transformation of diploid Solanum chacoense M6 potatoes using leaf, internodes, and microtubers as the explants. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260 harboring pBIN19 expression vector containing gusA gene (interrupted by an intron to induce expression from eukaryotic cells) was used …

Isolation And Identification Of Bacillus Pumilus Yhh-2, A Potential Pathogen To Thealfalfa Weevil (Hypera Postica Gyllenhal), Hati̇ce Öğütcü, Yasemi̇n Erbey, Medi̇ne Güllüce, Burak Alaylar, Mehmet Karadayi, Selma Sezen, Mahmut Erbey

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal, 1813) samples were collected from different locations in Kırşehir, Turkey, during May-August in 2014. They were immediately transferred to the research laboratory and dissected under aseptic conditions. Then serial dilutions were prepared from digestive tract samples and the spread plate technique was used for obtaining pure cultures. The conventional and molecular methods that include morphological and physiological examinations, biochemical tests, 16S rDNA sequencing, and the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) were used for identification of the bacterial isolates. According to the findings of the present study, the YHH-2 isolate was found as the main …

Dihydroquercetin Increases The Adaptive Potential Of Wild Soybean Against Copper Sulfateand Cadmium Sulfate Toxicity, Darya Konstantinovna Chernyshuk, Lubov Yegorovna Ivachenko, Hülya Doğan, Ghulam Raza, Muhammad Amjad Ali, Kirill Sergeyevich Golokhvast, Muhammad Amjad Nawaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the mechanism of the biochemical adaptation of wild soybean to the experimentally modeled effects of cadmium sulfate and copper sulfate in approximately double permissible concentration was investigated. The extracted concentrations of cadmium and copper in the experimental soil were determined by inversion voltammetry - 1.46 and 48.25 mg/kg, respectively. Growing soybeans in soil with the addition of copper and cadmium sulfates led to an increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in soybean seeds relative to control by 62% and 38%, respectively, which confirmed the strengthening of oxidative processes. There was also an increase in the specific …

Exogenous Cysteine Alleviates Mercury Stress By Promoting Antioxidant Defence In Maize(Zea Mays L.) Seedlings, Ferhunde Aysi̇n, Aykut Karaman, Asli Yilmaz, Özkan Aksakal, Ebru Gezgi̇nci̇oğlu, Sakineh Mohammadi Kohnehshahri

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Mercury (Hg) is one of the most important environmental pollutants that negatively affects plant growth and development. Cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in plant response to various environmental stress factors. In the present study, the alleviation of Hg stress through exogenous Cys treatment to maize seedlings was evaluated. For this purpose, a hydroponic experiment was set up to investigate the effect of HgCI2 (100 μM) and in combination with Cys (200 μM) on plant growth, total chlorophyll content, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels of some antioxidant genes in maize seedlings. The results showed that …

Phenotypic Variability Of Autochthonous Walnut (Juglansregia L) Genotypes Innorthwestern Bosnia And Herzegovina, Azra Skender, Mirsad Kurtovic, Pakeza Drkenda, Dinko Becirspahic, Aziz Ebrahimi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The main objective of this study was to examine the characteristics and the relationship between walnuts in the Una-Sana Canton based on phenotypic properties. This is the first study of preselection of walnut variability in this area. In this study, we evaluated the phenological and morphological characteristics of 75 selected genotypes during 2014 and 2015. Twenty-four phenotypic traits were monitored throughout 2 years on different sites. The results of the PCA analysis showed a very high heterogeneity of walnut seedlings on the examined sites, from the aspect of observed parameters. A limited number of superior genotypes were found, but individual …