Forest Sciences Commons^™

Living Snow Fence

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Blowing and drifting snow has created problems for people ever since they stated their td to the West. Pioneers left Missouri in early spring to avoid deep snow in the mountains and blizzards on the plains. As early as 1905, railroad companies planted trees as barriers to control blowing snow along rights-of-way. By 1915, the. Great Northern Railway Company reported it had planted half a million tree seedlings.

Winter winds and snow have the power to disrupt our lives. Almost every year we hear local radio stations announce school closures became of blowing and drifting snow. Sometimes it's only a …

The Return Of The Wild, John Jahoda

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Fundamental Study Of The Coating And Basesheet Influences On Gloss In Relationship To Coated Inkjet Papers, Raja Ramakrishnan

Masters Theses

The use of fumed metallic oxides for glossy ink jet media offers alternatives to expensive cast coated and extruded film methods. Fumed metallic oxide pigments provide a high internal porosity and packing porosity that enable the rapid diffusion of liquid inks into the coating layer. Their small particle size (0.1-0.3μm), enable the development of gloss. However, calendering is needed to develop gloss values in the range of cast coated and extruded film grades.

Calendering of coated sheet reduces production speed, adds additional handling and rewinding cost (if performed off-line) and reduces the bulk and porosity of the coating layer, consequently …

Effect Of Calendering On Flexographic Print Ability Of Linerboard, William P. Woods

Masters Theses

Today's corrugated board end user demands a higher quality than ever. Retailing techniques are moving toward so-called ''value-added packaging," which consists of high quality printed packaging that works to sell the product from the shelf. To preserve'its dominance in the corrugated market, the flexographic printing industry must find new ways to cost effectively satisfy the new demands.

One possibility is the use of an additional calendering step to give the linerboard better printability. This study evaluated two different types of calenders: the shoe (extended nip) calender and the hot/soft nip calender (Appendix A). The test material was commercially produced linerboard, …

Meeting Minutes, November 29th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Meeting called to order.; Minutes.; Treasurer's Report.; Membership Report.; Website.; OLD BUSINESS; Credit Card Membership.; Newsletter.; By Laws.; Mann Gulch.; NSA Office.;

Conservation Implications Of Genetic Variation In Three Rare Species Endemic To Florida Rosemary Scrub, Rebecca W. Dolan, Rebecca Yahr, Eric S. Menges, Matthew Halfhill

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Habitat conversion and fire suppression during the last 50 yr have greatly reduced and altered Florida scrub vegetation, resulting in threats to the persistence of its unique flora. As part of a larger conservation project, we investigated patterns of isozyme variation in three rare perennial scrub plants with overlapping ranges endemic to Florida rosemary scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge. All three species have low levels of genetic variation, comparable to or lower than those generally reported for rare plants with restricted geographic ranges. Liatris ohlingerae has more than twice the expected heterozygosity of the other two species, with little …

Meeting Minutes, October 5th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes of August 14, 1999 were accepted as amended.; Treasurer's Report.; Membership Report.; Newsletter Report.; OLD BUSINESS; Video Committee.; NEW BUSINESS; Credit Card purchases.; RTIF Format for E-mail documents.; The Life and Times of NSA's membership definition.; Corporate membership.; Books and Pictures.; Bill Moody request.; Director's responsibilities.; November meeting of the Executive Committee.; Adjourned the meeting.;

Meeting Minutes, August 14th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Board Of Directors

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes of 15 June 1999 were accepted as amended.; Minutes of 2 July were accepted as read.; Treasurers Report.; OLD BUSINESS.; Newsletter report.; Membership.; Merchandise.; Trail Maintenance Report.; Mann Gulch Report.; Reunion report.; Website.; Missoula Office.; Base Liaison.; Video Marketing Plan.; NEW BUSINESS.; Meeting Date.; Membership Committee recommendations.; Redding reunion.; Website Minutes.; Newsletter.; Board Terms.; By Laws.; 1999 Spring Election.; Meeting adjourned.;

Universal Design And Nature Trails: Balancing Accessibility, Site Integrity, And The Recreation Experience, Steve Kirkindall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study addressed the application of Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines in outdoor recreation settings. The purpose was three-fold: to develop site- and user-friendly design principles for non-urban, accessible nature trails; to design and construct a trail based on those principles; and to evaluate both principles and trail by surveying trail users. The Delphi Method was employed with a national panel to assess current expert opinion regarding accessibility and trails. Fifty-nine principles were developed from combined results of panel deliberations and applied experience gained constructing a prototype trail utilizing the universal design concept. Trail users rated the importance of …

Effect Of Various Starch Sources On The Silicone Holdout Of Release Paper, Chandrasekaran Duraiswamy

Masters Theses

Siliconized papers are widely being used from food and packaging industry to pressure sensitive label industry and their use has increased considerably over the last decade. Surface and structural properties of the sheet influence the silicone hold out and release properties.

Surface sizing of the sheet is done prior to silicone coating. The objective of this research is to find their film forming capabilities, fluid hold out of various starches, and the effect of the various calendering process on the release properties was also studied.

No significant difference between the starch sources were observed, except for the modified com starch …

Maritime Pine For Western Australia - Revegetation On Farms Information Kit, David Bicknell, Department Of Conservation And Land Management

Natural resources published reports

Revegetation on farms

The Revegetation on Farms Project and the material in this Information Kit is targeted at the agricultural zone of Western Australia with less than 600 mm rainfall. Some of the information is valid outside this range.

All information is provided in good faith, to help make informed revegetation decisions leading to sustainable land use.

TreeNote No 20 - Weed control in eucalypts and pines

TreeNote No 21 - Insect pests of eucalypts and pines

In search of the perfect pine - David Gough (Article)

Farming carbon - Syd Shea (Article)

Meeting Minutes, July 2nd, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Called the meeting to order.; The minutes from the 15 June meeting were not read.; The Treasurer's report was dispensed with.; The membership report was dispensed with.; No old business was brought forth.; The purpose of the meeting was to facilitate the change in NSA webmasters.; Reviewed changes that would make the website more user friendly.; Wrote a personal check so that he could begin work immediately.; Each section of the current website was reviewed at length.; Meeting adjourned.;

Farming Exotic Mushrooms In The Forest, Deborah B. Hill

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

One income opportunity derived from forest farming is the production of exotic mushrooms. Many of these edible mushrooms, such as shiitake (Lentinula edodes), maitake (Grifola frondosa), lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus, and oyster (Pleurotus spp. feed on the cellulose and lignin in wood. Although a significant volume of these mushrooms is produced under artificial conditions on a substance of sawdust, grains and other supplements, production on logs results in firmer texture and more flavor.

Production of high-value mushrooms on small diameter logs of almost any hardwood species enables a private forest landowner to utilize …

Forest Production Of Goldenseal, Jeanine M. Davis

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a valued medicinal herb which has been collected from hardwood forests in eastern North America for hundreds of years. The historical range for goldenseal is north into Canada, south to Alabama, and west to Kansas. Overharvesting of goldenseal has caused serious reductions in populations reported in Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, and eastern Kentucky. In 1997, goldenseal was listed on Appendix II of the Convention for International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES), an international treaty monitoring trade in threatened and endangered species. Designed to protect the species, this listing imposed controls on goldenseal trade. This …

Economics And Marketing Of Ginseng, Robert L. Beyfuss

Agroforestry Notes (USDA-NAC)

It is extremely important to learn about the economic potential of the various types of ginseng and how to market the product prior to growing it. Raising ginseng is something that a patient person who enjoys growing things can find interesting and potentially profitable but, it requires hard work, at least a small capital investment, and it certainly is not a sure thing. This Agroforestry Note will familiarize readers with some economic considerations and marketing tips. For specific information about growing ginseng refer to AF Note Forest Farming -3, American Ginseng Production in Woodlots.

Meeting Minutes, June 15th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes:; Minutes of the executive committee meeting held ll May l999.; Treasurers Report:; $5000 from the video fund for Steve Smith to cover current expenses.; how profits from the sale of footage from the video should be spent.; Requests to allow more flexibility and independence in spending.; Membership Report: procedure limits report.; Old Business:; SA's plan to move to new quarters.; Adopt-A-Trail program.; Progress of the Redding reunion. New Business:; Move to new quarters.; Part time employee.; Progress report on the director's election.; Progress of the News Letter.; Ways to boost membership.; Mailing informing former jumpers about the Mann …

Stand Structure And Productivity Of The Rhizophora Mangle In Hawaii, Evelyn F. Cox, James Allen

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Since its introduction in the early part of this century, Rhizophora mangle L. has spread extensively through most of the main islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. We investigated the structural properties and estimated productivity of a R. mangle population at Nuupia Ponds Wildlife Management Area (NPWMA), on windward Oahu, where the mangroves were being controlled due to their propensity to overgrow archaeological sites and the habitat of endangered Hawaiian waterbirds. Mangroves within NPWMA were very dense (> 24,000 trees ha^-1) and most were relatively small (only 3.3% of the trees were ≥ 10 cm DBH). Mean basal area, …

The Influence Of Fumed Metallic Oxides On Coating Structure And Their Relationships To Print Quality, Hyun-Kook Lee

Masters Theses

Aqueous-based coating for paper or paperboard applications use traditional coating pigments such as clay, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide. But, for matte coated ink jet papers, amorphous and gelled silicas are used due to their unique morphological properties, which are sponge-like in nature. The unique structure of these pigments provides an internal porosity and packing porosity which enables the rapid diffusion of liquid inks into the coating layer. The rapid uptake of the ink immobilizes the anionic dyes at the surface of the coating, allowing high optical print densities to be achieved.

The particle size of precipitated and gelled silicas …

Borax As A Strength Additive In Recycling, Siva Krishnagopal Devisetti

Masters Theses

The effect of multiple recycling on strength properties and fiber properties like strength of fiber, weighted average fiber length, fines percentage and water retention values were investigated in this study. Borax was used as a strength aid and swelling agent to improve the flexibility of fiber and strength of recycled paper. Bleached softwood kraft pulp was used to make the hand sheets and recycled repeatedly for up to four cycles. The main objectives were to evaluate the chemically treated pulp and untreated pulp at each stage of recycling, to study the effect of multiple recycling on strength properties of paper …

Use Of Boron Compounds To Reduce Phototyellowing Of Mechanical Pulps, Qilin Zhou

Masters Theses

Bleached chemithermomechanical pulps (BCTMP) are replacing chemical pulps such as bleached kraft pulp (BKP) in many paper grades. However, the loss of brightness that arises from exposure to light remains a significant impediment to the wider use of these pulps. Efforts have been made in reducing photoyellowing, but so far no universal, economical method has been found which converts high-yield pulp into a product with brightness stability comparable to that of a bleached chemical pulp.

This study evaluates the ability of sodium borate and/or boric acid to inhibit the yellowing process of paper that was made from BCTMP, with an …

Meeting Minutes, May 11th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes of the last executive committee meeting.; Since the meeting was devoted entirely to setting up an agenda for the annual directors meeting, no minutes were recorded.; Adopt-A-Hwy clean up.; Treasurer's Report: treasurer's report and cash flow report.; Membership Report: report.; Old Business:; Mann Gultch remembrance program.; Progress of the Redding reunion in the year 2000.; New Business:.; A better office location.; Hiring a part time worker.; Collecting and counting the ballots returned for the Director positions.; News letter costs and future content.; Adopt-A-Trail project.;

Ecology Of The Malay Civet (Viverra Tangalunga) In A Logged And An Unlogged Forest In Sabah, East Malaysia, Christina P. Colon

Publications and Research

Malay civets in a dipterocarp rain forest were studied from December, 1995, through June, 1997, in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve in Sabah, East Malaysia. To investigate the basic ecology of this species and explore the potential impact of selective logging, data on home range, activity and diet were collected on study animals in an unlogged and a selectively logged forest, and comparisons made.

Density in the unlogged forest was 1/0.46 km² , and 1/1.07 km² in the logged forest. Mean home range size based on a 95% minimum convex polygon was 110 ha. and did not differ …

Local Teacher Suggestions And Evaluations Of The Allen And Alice Stokes Nature Center School Group Programs, Jennifer E. Desarro

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Environmental education is becoming more prevalent in school curriculums. The Tbilisi Declaration of 1977 defines environmental education as:

A process aimed at developing a world population that is aware of, and concerned about, the total environment and its associated problems, and which has the knowledge, attitudes, skills, motivation, and commitment to work individually and collectively toward solutions of current problems and the prevention of new ones (Braus and Wood, p.6).

By incorporating more environmental education into elementary and middle school curriculums, the students are becoming more prepared to deal with problems and make educated choices affecting their futures.

A Survey Of The General Public Assessing Public Attitudes Toward Animal Damage Control Management Policy, Douglas K. Reiter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mail survey of randomly selected stratified U.S. households assessed general attitudes toward wildlife and specific concerns about wildlife damage management and the federal Animal Damage Control program. Respondents strongly supported federal government's role in ensuring public safety, engaging in public education, and continuing research into nonlethal control methods. Weaker support was found for lethal control of predators and crop depredators, and financial compensation for losses due to wildlife activities was generally opposed. Lethal methods of control were generally considered to be inhumane and nonlethal methods humane. When asked to rank the importance of factors to be considered when selecting …

Multi-Scalar Spatial Modeling Of Northern Forest Dynamics: Foundations, Theories, And Applications, Don C. Bragg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This dissertation describes the development and analysis of a new forest dynamics model. The NORTHern Woodland Dynamics Simulator (NORTHWDS) was designed to spatially model forest pattern and process for the northern Lake States, and to incorporate multiple spatial scales. While ecologically detailed, this stand table-based model is sufficiently parsimonious to be able to simulate 100s to 1000s of hectares for centuries. Processes like tree regeneration, growth, and mortality, herbaceous and shrubby competition, biogeochemistry, carbon cycling, edge effects, and climatic influences are incorporated in NORTHWDS. Wind disturbance and white-tailed deer browsing were also included …

Utah's Rural Communities: Planning For The Future, Judith A. Kurtzman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two of the biggest concerns facing communities in the Intermountain West are the dichotomies of rapid growth and development as opposed to economic decline and stagnation. Numerous strategies have been developed by social and economic scientists to help communities manage the many problems associated with these concerns. One strategy recommended by many researchers and used by numerous communities to stabilize their economies is economic diversification. For many rural communities in Utah, tourism and recreation have been used as part of that diversification effort. Recreation and tourism also play a role in the dichotomies of rapid growth and development by often …

Forestland: A Good Investment April 9-10, 1999, Arthur Temple College Of Forestry And Agriculture

eBooks

No abstract provided.

Meeting Minutes, April 10th, 1999, National Smokejumper Association Board Of Directors

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Approval Of Minutes.; Treasurer's Report.; Financial Health Of The Organization.; Membership And Data Base Report.; Website.; Draft Study, Project 2000.; Travel Allowance.; Base Liaison Directors.; Role In The Future Of Smokejumping.; Mission Statement.; Role In Mann Gulch Commemorative Activities.; Records Management.; Historical Preservation Committee.; Executive Committee Meetings Quarterly.; Elections.; Membership Committee.; Scholarship Fund For Children Of Jumpers Through The Nsa.; Logo.; Social Activities.; Director At Large.; Collect E-mail Addresses For Directors/Members.; Monitor Budget And Dues Structure.; Complete Nsa Brochure.; Survey Membership To Determine Talents Available For N Sa Work.; Review, Amend, And Adopt Position Descriptions.; Solicit Corporate Memberships. Upgrade …

Dimethyldioxirane In Tcf Bleaching Sequences, Nayereh Mahdavi

Masters Theses

The use of chlorine containing bleaching process creates various organic compounds such as chlorinated furan, dioxin, and AOX (adsorbable organic halogen). The human and aquatic life has been affected with the formation of these chlorinated organic compounds. EPA is proposing new regulations to impose discharge limits on the conventional pollutant materials of the bleaching effluents.

The objective of this research was to evaluate two TCF (Total Chlorine Free) bleaching sequences that use hydrogen peroxide and DMD on oxygen delignified hardwood kraft pulp. In one of the sequences, the DMD stage (A) was used prior to the hydrogen peroxide stage (P), …

Effects Of Temperature Control On Gravure Packaging Inks, Rodrigo Sosa

Masters Theses

It is well known that variations in ink temperature cause a variation in color density and viscosity. The viscosity of almost all liquids decreases with increasing temperature. In this research project, three different ink temperatures were selected to measure the effects of temperature control on solvent and ink consumption and on printability. Two colors were selected (magenta and cyan) and two heat exchangers were constructed to cool and/or heat the ink.

It was found that variations in ink temperature cause variation in solvent and ink consumption. As the temperature of the ink increases, solvent consumption and ink consumption increase, but …