Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons^™

Preliminary Report Of Standing Crop And Rates Of Harvest In Lake Fort Smith, Arkansas:1957 Through 1958, Charles F. Cole, Samuel L. Finkelstein

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Studies On The Microcrustacea Of Three Montane Lakes In Glacier National Park, Montana, Robert O. Megard

Biology ETDs

Grinnell Lake, Lake Josephine, and Swiftcurrent Lake, at an elevation of approximately 5,000 feet in northwestern Montana, are comparable with lakes in the montane zone defined by Pennak for lakes at elevations between 8,200 feet and 10,500 feet in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado. Five species of Copepoda, six Cladocera, and four Ostracoda were collected in the lakes studied. The population of microcrustacea in these lakes was most dense in or slightly above the masses of rooted aquatic vegetation growing to a height of six to 10 inches above the bottom wherever the water was between three feet and …

Field Techniques For Sexing And Aging Game Animals, Donald R. Thompson

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

The purpose of this booklet is to provide a ready field reference for identification, sexing and aging of common game species. It has purposely been kept in simplified form, presenting only those techniques which can commonly be applied in the field and avoiding those which would require special equipment and skills. Untrained personnel should be given demonstrations of the techniques, and thereafter this reference should serve as a reminder. It is not expected that the reference could successfully be used without such demonstration. Certain of the techniques such as cloaca! examination of waterfowl may require considerable practice by the individual. …

Comparisons Of Growth Rates Of Game Fish In Lake Catherine, Lake Hamilton, And Lake Ouachita, Arkansas, Andrew H. Hulsey, James H. Stevenson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Nebraska Deer, William Bailey Jr., George Schildman, Phillip Agee, C. G. Pritchard

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

IN COMMON with the experience of most states, Nebraska's deer herds were reduced to a very low level by excessive harvests in our early history. Most American big-game animals were overharvested in the early history of this nation because of commercialization. Buffalo were killed for their hides, deer for their meat. This slaughter continued as long as the hunter (or poacher) could sell his take at a profit. Modem game management and public opinion reversed this trend. Deer are on the way back all over America, and in some states the protection-complex was so strong that deer were restored to …

Nebraska Deer, William Bailey Jr., George Schildman, Phillip Agee, C. G. Pritchard

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

IN COMMON with the experience of most states, Nebraska's deer herds were reduced to a very low level by excessive harvests in our early history. Most American big-game animals were overharvested in the early history of this nation because of commercialization. Buffalo were killed for their hides, deer for their meat. This slaughter continued as long as the hunter (or poacher) could sell his take at a profit. Modem game management and public opinion reversed this trend. Deer are on the way back all over America, and in some states the protection-complex was so strong that deer were restored to …

Grasslands Of The Great Plains: Their Nature And Use, J. E. Weaver, F. W. Albertson, B. W. Allred, Arnold Heerwagen

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

This book is the result of a long-felt need by the authors and their students for a comprehensive survey of the numerous studies that have been made on plains grasslands. From southern Texas far into Saskatchewan the mid and short grasses form a magnificent prairie nearly 2,500 miles in length and approximately 400 miles wide. Kinds of communities, their composition, nature, significance and uses are fully described. Such information is of value not only to students, range technicians, and other professional conservationists, but also to ranchers and other land owners-in fact, to anyone interested in the economy of our midwestern …

A List Of Cestode Parasites From California Mammals, Marietta Voge

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This report brings together information on the occurrence and distribution of cestode parasites in California mammals. The original information reported herein, was obtained by students, myself, and other staff members of this university. Although the host-parasite list which follows is far from complete, the dearth of knowledge about the helminth fauna in California seems to justify the publication of relatively few data, in the hope that other workers will be able to use this list as a starting point and add to it.

With few exceptions, the common names of the hosts, as given in the host list, were obtained …

North American Prairie, J. E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

TO MOST AMERICANS, the word "Prairie" suggests either a romantic element in pioneer fiction or a vast expanse of level land which must be crossed in going from one coast to another. But to the botanist, the American Prairie is a wonderfully complex society of living organisms.

This book tells the story of that society-the variety of its inhabitants; the constitution of its several communities; the internal struggles for domination of the society; and the battles of the Prairie as a whole against its two most vicious enemies, drought and overgrazing. Most striking, perhaps, is the story of that portion …

Influence Of Certain Soil-Proftle Characteristics Upon The Distribution Of Roots Of Grasses, R. L. Fox, J. E. Weaver, R. C. Lipps

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

A method has been devised by Weaver and his coworkers (15) by which a root system may be sampled from the soil surface to a depth of maximum root penetration. The root system may then be separated from the soil without vertical displacement, photographed, and compared with soil profile characteristics. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to relate some chemical and physical properties of the soil to root distribution.

Effect Of Stubble Mulching On Number And Activity Of Earthworms, S. P. Teotia, F. L. Duley, T. M. Mccalla

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

A survey of earthworm population under different cropping systems was made under stubble mulch farming and where the residue was plowed under. The influence of earthworms on some of the important physical and biological properties of the soil was studied. Their role in the decomposition of crop residues was also determined.

Microorganisms And Soil Structure, T. M. Mccalla

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

SUMMARY

Laboratory tests were made to determine the effectiveness of different compounds and microbial groups in increasing the stability of Peorian loess lumps against the action of falling water drops. The influence of these on percolation tests in the laboratory was also determined.

Many organic substances-dextrose, sucrose, starch, peptone, cullulose, and gum arabic-did not themselves contribute directly to soil-structure stability, though these substances do furnish energy material for soil microorganisms, which can convert them readily into either microbial tissue or decomposition products that increase soil-structure stability. Lignin, proteins, oils, fats, waxes, resin, and paraffin increased the stability of lumps of …

Life Histories Of North American Nuthatches, Wrens, Thrashers And Their Allies: Order Passeriformes, Arthur Cleveland Bent

Papers in Ornithology

An attempt has been made to give as full a life history as possible of the best-known subspecies of each species and to avoid duplication by writing briefly of the others and giving only the characters of the subspecies, its range, and any -habits peculiar to it. In many cases certain habits, probably common to the species as a whole, have been recorded for only one subspecies. Such habits are mentioned under the subspecies on which the observations were made. The distribution gives the range of the species as a whole, with only rough outlines of the ranges of the …

The Raccoon, A New Host For Microphallus Sp., With Additional Notes On M. Ovatus From Turtles, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discusses the raccoon, a new host for Microphallus sp., with additional notes on M. ovatus from turtles.

North American Prairie, J. E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

From the highlands of central Mexico across the entire United States and northward into Canada extends the great mid-continental prairie. On the east it is in contact with the deciduous forest. From this central mass the prairie extends westward beyond the Rocky Mountains across Wyoming into eastern Utah, and southwestward through northern New Mexico in to northern Arizona. The Palouse Grasslands occurred in eastern Oregon and Washington, and other parts of the far Northwest. The Pacific Prairie was found in the Great Valley of California, and the-Desert Plains Grassland still occupies much of southern Arizona and New Mexico and southwestern …

Recovery Of Midwestern Prairies From Drought, John E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

The long period of desiccation, which began in 1934, finally terminated in 1940. The western portion of True Prairie was greatly decimated and a veritable mosaic of types of vegetation resulted. These ranged from well-preserved relict communities of bluestems (Andropogon) to mixed stands of grasses on nearly bared soil, but included communities of western wheat grass (Agropyron smithii) , short grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and Buchloe dactyloides) , needle grass (Stipa spartea), and prairie drop seed (Sporobolus heterolepis) . These types varied in size from a few square rods to many …

Changes In True-Prairie Vegetation During Drought As Determined By List Quadrats, J. E. Weaver, Joseph H. Robertson, Robert L. Fowler

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

The drought of 1934 was not only the most severe on record for the true-prairie association but was also of the earliest inception.  On June 8, Kincer ('34) stated that "pastures are the poorest ever known, and the hay crop will be extremely short, regardless of future weather."  The stress increased as the summer advanced.  Stoddart ('35) tood advantage of these conditions to investigate the relation of osmotic pressure and water content of prairie plants to environmental factors in the vicinity of Lincoln, Nebraska. Simultaneously, Nedrow ('37) was conducting trenching experiments in his study of the efficiency of absorption at …

Increase Of Sporobolus Cryptandrus In Pastures Of Eastern Nebraska, J. E. Weaver, Walter W. Hansen

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

The severe drought of 1934 to 1938 has resulted in great losses in the plant
populations of native pastures. In Nebraska, little bluestem, Andropogon scoparius, and Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis, have almost disappeared, while big bluestem, Andropogon furcatus, and numerous other important pasture grasses have suffered heavy losses. In addition to shiftings within the plant populations to compensate these losses, such as an enormous increase in side-oats grama, Bouteloua curtipendula, notable and widely spread local extensions have occurred. Over thousands of pastures western wheat grass, Agropyron smithii, has spread widely, and in similar numbers sand …

The Fate Of The Indigenous, Arthur N. Wilcox

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Relative Efficiency Of Roots And Tops Of Plants In Protecting . The Soil From Erosion, Joseph Kramer, J. E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

An increasing realization of the importance of preventing or controlling soil erosion has resulted in numerous scientific investigations. Some of these are concerned with soil characteristics which promote or retard erosivity (Middleton, '30; Middleton et al., '34; Lutz, '34; and Bouyoucos, '35). Many have to do with engineering methods of reducing soil wastage (Bates and Zeasman, '30; Ramser, '30; Roe, '33; and Bartel, '35). But perhaps most were planned to discover the effects of plants in protecting and binding the soil, reducing runoff, and consequent loss of soil and subsoil (Sampson and Weyl, '18; Duley and Miller, '23; Lowdermilk, …

Some Monogenetic Trematodes From The Galapagos Islands And The Neighboring Pacific, Frank Grose Meserve

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Introduction

Trematodes are parasitic, unsegmented, flattened (rarely cylindrical) worms. They have ventral, anterior, posterior or median attachment organs. The sense organs are poorly developed. The mouth is terminal or ventral and subterminal. The intestine is usually forked with or without lateral branches. The animals, with few exceptions, are hermaphroditic. The ovary is usually single. They have one, two, or more testes. The development is direct with only one host in the ectoparasitic Monogenea and indirect in the Digenea which have two or more hosts. The digenetic trematodes usually parasitize vertebrates which serve as their primary hosts and invertebrates (Mollusca) which …

Comparison Of Runoff And Erosion In Prairie, Pasture, And Cultivated Land, J. E. Weaver, Wm. C. Noll

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

Soil erosion resulting from runoff water has come to be recognized as a national menace. The determination and evaluation of all factors influencing runoff and erosion are studies of fundamental importance, especially insofar as they may be made to yield information upon methods of control over this insidious tendency of washing away the land.

"Fully 75 per cent of the crop-producing and grazing areas of the United States is sloping enough to set in motion, moderately or violently, these wasteful processes of accelerated soil-removal and excessive runoff. That 35 million acres of formerly cultivated land have been essentially ruined by …

The Interrelationships Of Bark Beetles And Blue-Staining Fungi In Felled Norway Pine Timber, J. G. Leach, L. W. Orr, Clyde Christensen

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A study of two species of bark beetle (lps pini Say and I. grandicollis Eichh.) and the fungi associated with them has been made as the first part of a general investigation of the interrelations of insects and fungi in the deterioration of felled logs of Norway pine.

Quantity Of Living Plant Materials In Prairie Soils In Relation To Run-Off And Soil Erosion, J. E. Weaver, George W. Harmon

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

The menace of soil erosion did not appear in the west until much of the prairie was broken for cropping or weakened by continuous overgrazing. The grassland sod is a great conserver of rainfall; the amount of run-off water is relatively small, and the soil is firmly held against the forces of erosion. This study is concerned with the role that the living underground plant parts play in promoting the absorption of water by the soil, and especially their importance in reducing run-off. Their holding of the soil against the forces of water erosion has been experimentally determined. A study …

Ecological Relations In The Pitch Pine Plains Of Southern New Jersey, Harold J. Lutz

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

An investigation was undertaken with the primary object of determining the factors responsible for the peculiar development of the vegetation in the Plains community. The conclusion ·is reached that the Plains areas are capable of supporting forest growth similar to that in the Pine Barrens. Inasmuch as the Plains owe their continued existence to repeated fires, it is obvious that effective fire protection is the first and most important step toward their rehabilitation.

Bird Studies Of The Bear River Marshes, Ernest W. Parkinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The establishment of the Bear River Bay Bird Refuge has created for the state of Utah an immense and valuable biological field, a veritable paradise for naturalist and sportsman alike. The naturalist wants a place to study wild life and the sportsman desires game. With the proper control of open seasons on wild fowl the hunting instinct and incentive for the sport should be satisfied for the sportsman. To the naturalist this region will open up bountiful treasures of knowledge that is to be gained only by intense and prolonged scientific study.

An Ecological Study Of Timpanogos Creek From Aspen Grove To Wildwood, Marion L. Harris

Theses and Dissertations

Ecology may be oonsidered as one of the vital parts of botany, since there are two ultimate facts in this science; namely, the plant and its habitat . The habitat is made up of the physical factors that control function. At Timpanogos there are so many different habitats, that the chief problem is not that of finding a problem to study, but rather that of selecting one from the many. The purpose of this paper is to point out some of the interesting features that are found in a study of Timpanogos Creek from Aspen Grove to Wildwood.

Root Behavior And Crop Yield Under Irrigation, Frank C. Jean, John E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

More than half of the surface of the earth receives insufficient precipitation
for the most favorable growth of crops. The, best method of making up this deficiency is through the application of water by irrigation. Hence the economical use of irrigation water is one of the chief problems of agriculture in arid regions. Since much more land is available than can be irrigated by the supply of water, even when methods of greatest economy are employed, the welfare of these regions demands that the irrigation water be used as efficiently as possible (cf. Harris, 1916). It has been estimated that …

The Ecological Relations Of Roots, John E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

Although considerable progress has been made in the study of root systems of desert plants (Cannon, 1911, 1913; Markle, 1917), very little information is available concerning the roots of other native species. During 1914 the writer investigated the root systems of the prairie plants of southeastern Washington, where the annual precipitation is only 21.6 inches and occurs mostly in the period of rest: Since that time it has been planned to make a comparative study of the roots of prairie plants growing in a more humid region and where the precipitation occurs mostly during the season of plant growth. The …

Changing Diatoms Of Devils Lake, Clarence Elmore

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

During the summer of 1915 I spent some time at the Biological Station of the University of North Dakota at Devils Lake, investigating the diatoms of the lake. Before this considerable diatom material had been sent to me by Dr. R. T. Young of the University, who is conducting the biological survey of the lake.
The immediate practical object in the survey is to determine the organisms in the lake in relation to the fish that might be able to subsist upon them, and diatoms being the most abundant of microscopic plants, deserve special attention in this connection. At present …