Agriculture Commons^™

Real-Life Conundrums In The Struggle For Institutional Transformation, Julia Mcquillan, Nestor Hernandez

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Intersecting systems of inequality (i.e., gender and race/ethnicity) are remarkably resistant to change. Many universities, however, seek National Science Foundation Institutional Transformation awards to change processes, procedures, and cultures to make science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) departments more inclusive. In this article we describe a case study with observations for eight years of before (2000–2007), five during (2008–2013), and seven after (2014–2020) intensive efforts to increase women through reducing barriers and increasing access to women. Finally, we reflect on flawed assumptions built into the proposal, the slow and uneven change in the proportion of women over time, the strengths …

Quantifying High-Temperature Stress On Soybean Canopy Photosynthesis: The Unique Role Of Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Hyungsuk Kimm, Kaiyu Guan, Charles H. Burroughs, Bin Peng, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Carl J. Bernacchi, Caitlin E. Moore, Etsushi Kumagai, Xi Yang, Joseph A. Berry, Genghong Wu

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

High temperature and accompanying high vapor pressure deficit often stress plants without causing distinctive changes in plant canopy structure and consequential spectral signatures. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), because of its mechanistic link with photosynthesis, may better detect such stress than remote sensing techniques relying on spectral reflectance signatures of canopy structural changes. However, our understanding about physiological mechanisms of SIF and its unique potential for physiological stress detection remains less clear. In this study, we measured SIF at a high-temperature experiment, Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement, to explore the potential of SIF for physiological investigations. The experiment provided a gradient of …

Applied Research Note: Development Of A Novel Low Flow Water Monitoring System In Poultry/Agriculture Systems, J. Z. Hiltz, S. K. Orlowski, L. N. Harrington, C. W. Maynard, T. W. Tabler, N. B. Anthony

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Water scarcity is a global reality and with the anticipated population growth, freshwater resources will be further strained to meet both human and agriculture applications. To ensure a water sustainable and food secure future, all aspects of agriculture must become more efficient. Two strategies were explored. The first strategy was to develop a more efficient and accurate method for measuring water consumption/inputs in agriculture. To date, water measuring technology has lacked the necessary sophistication to assure accuracy and repeatability of low flow water usage. The second strategy utilized the improved water measuring technology, to develop water-efficient genetics in agricultural populations …

Research Note: Modified Serum Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Dextran (Fitc-D) Assay Procedure To Determine Intestinal Permeability In Poultry Fed Diets High In Natural Or Synthetic Pigments, Christine N. Vuong, Garrett J. Mullenix, Michael T. Kidd, Walter G. Bottje, Billy M. Hargis, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) has been used as an indicator for intestinal permeability in poultry research for several years. Under healthy conditions, tight junctions in the intestinal wall will not allow the 4-6kDa FITC-d to enter the bloodstream. Detection of FITC-d in serum (1-hour post-oral administration of FITC-d) has proven to be a reliable indicator of leaky gut syndrome (increased intestinal inflammation and disruption of tight junctions). Administration of supplementary phytobiotics in feed, particularly products with high beta-carotene levels or other pigments, has resulted in strong serum background fluorescence, which can render this assay unreliable. …

Can Home Garden Be A Safe Haven In Times Of Crisis? To Measure Householders Attitudes, Preferences And Willingness To Have Home Garden At Time Of Pandemics, Noura Mubarak Al Mansouri

Theses

The new coronavirus that has rapidly become a worldwide outbreak leads people to Self-quarantine, where work, school, and shopping have become through remote applications. Keeping fit and being healthy is important at any time, especially during the coronavirus pandemic. Having a garden or outdoor space provides the opportunity to have a place that can be used to maintain a healthy life and well-being of an individual. The coronavirus lockdown has provided the time ad opportunity to create a garden that has been always wanted by householders. A Garden is a plot of ground where herbs, fruits, flowers, vegetables, and etc. …

Can Date Palms Planted For Urban Landscaping Purposes Serve In The Production Of Edible Fruits? An Evaluation Of Tissue Element Concentrations, Fruits Quality And Health Risks, Khattab Omar Adam Al Nidawi

Theses

More than 80.000 date palms are grown for ornamental purposes as part of public urban greenery in the city of Al Ain. The fruits that these palms produce, are often not valorized as food for humans, due to the fear that they might contain potentially hazardous pollutants, such as heavy metals. When palms are grown near roads or in urban environments, pollution might arise from the exhaust and dust produced by vehicles, industrial activities, as well as through urban waste material deposition, including irrigation with treated sewage effluent. On the other hand, many date palms grown for landscaping purposes might …

Morphophysiological And Molecular Characterization Of Millet (Panicum Miliaceum L.) Varieties For Crop Improvement In Western Europe, Massimo Vischi, Nicola Zorzin, Maria Bernhart, Johanna Winkler, Dipak Santra, Carla Pappalardo, Stefano Marchetti

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background

Global warming and issues in favour of a more sustainable agriculture suggest a reconsideration of minor cereals in European agrosystems. Compared to other summer crops, proso millet has a remarkable drought resistance and could be used to improve crop rotation and biodiversity. Proso millet is also increasingly sought by industry to produce novel foods such as those designed for celiac patients. In this study, a thorough characterization of 11, commercially available, proso millet (Panicum milliaceum L.) varieties was carried out as a preliminary step for crop reintroduction and breeding in Western Europe.

Methods

The cultivars under evaluation were …

Research Performance And Trends In Seed Technology Research: A Scientometric Assessment, Suresh N Dr, Thanuskodi S Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study assesses the research performance and trends of global Seed technology research publications by using scientometric indicators i.e. publication growth pattern, author, institution and country research performance, the collaborative trend among countries. The study found that a total of 16613 publications contributed by 40588 authors from 1647 number of scholarly journals received with 350561 citations and h-index and g-index 182, 262 respectively, 148 countries have contributed in the Seed technology research. The English Language has the dominant language (96%) in Seed technology research. The research article title “Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops” has received 2215 …

Solanum Jamesii As A Food Crop: History And Current Status Of A Unique Potato, David Kinder, John Bamberg, Lisbeth Louderback, Bruce Pavlik, Alfonso Del Rio

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Solanum jamesii is a wild potato found in the US southwest. There is ample evidence that this potato was used by ancestral Puebloans as a food source, where some researchers think it was used as a starvation food while others consider it to be regular food source. Currently this potato is being grown by Native Americans, notably the Navajo, as a specialty food as well as a food crop. There are several attributes to this potato that make it especially suitable for development as our climate changes and food needs become more demanding, including its drought tolerance and ability to …

Application Of Linguistic/Non-Numeric Fuzzy Aggregation To The Ranking Of Processed Crops, David Koloseni

Tanzania Journal of Science

A non-numeric fuzzy aggregation approach is applied for the fusion of information obtained from farmers and experts for evaluation and selection of alternatives under multiple criteria. The technique has the ability to assign linguistic variable to fused information and find consensus of gathered opinions from a number of experts on crop processing for each processed crop. The technique is illustrated with a crop processing problem by adding value to the crop and increase income to entrepreneurs. The proposed technique has been successfully applied to the ranking of the processed crops based on the expert’s opinions, thus obtaining best preferences based …

Improved Taste And Texture In Novel Popcorn Varieties Compared To Conventional Lines, Leandra Parsons, Oscar Rodriguez, David R. Holding

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Abstract Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) varieties were bred out of a unique germplasm pool derived from Quality Protein dent Maize and conventional popcorn lines. To identify and compare distinctive characteristics within this population, a new sensory method was employed that coupled hedonic numeric rankings of common sensory traits appearance, aroma, texture, and taste with an “overall likability” score while requiring the selection of specific descriptors for taste and texture. Participants tasted six popcorn cultivars, rated each sample based on sensory factors, and offered specific descriptors for taste and texture. This sensory method identified two QPP hybrids with higher overall likability …

Analysis Of Stable Carbon Isotope Characteristics Of Formaldehyde In Food And Its Application In Source Analysis Of Formaldehyde, Han Li, Yu Ting-Ting, Liu Di, Yang Qing, Gao Fang, Wang Hui-Xia

Food and Machinery

Based on the method of Gas Chromatography-Combustion-Isotope Ratio mass Sprectrometry (GC/C/IRMS), the contents of formaldehyde and the δ ¹³C value in aquatic products, dried edible fungi, fruits and vegetables were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the mass fraction of formaldehyde in the squid samples was 0.341~24.185 mg/kg, and the δ ¹³C value was -48.167‰~-24.514‰; the mass fraction of dragon fish samples was 54.555~121.416 mg/kg, and the δ ¹³C value was -45.430‰~-27.468‰. In the dried edible fungi, formaldehyde was detected only in dried Lentinus edodes of 212.741 mg/kg, and the δ ¹³C value were ranging …

Design And Analysis Of Automatic Cutting Blade For Slender Jellyfish Silk, Feng Yi-Ran, Tao Xue-Heng, Wang Xue-Jun, Lu Jin-Shi, Lee Eung-Joo

Food and Machinery

To satisfy the demand for batch cutting and processing of bowl shaped jellyfish, a slender jellyfish cutting automatic cutting blade was designed for bowl shaped jellyfish. The curvature and deflection of the blade were numerically simulated using the Frenet-serret frame formula combined with the shape of the jellyfish skin, and the blade trajectory was obtained as a spatially non-isometric spiral. Two special cutting blades for bowl shaped jellyfish were designed by using heat-treated 440C stainless steel as the material for the blades, taking into account the actual working environment. The mechanical properties of the two blades were analyzed and the …

Improvement On Tobacco Temperature And Moisture Control Method Of Tobacco Heating Cylinder, Cui Sheng, Li Ri-Nan, Kang Jin-Ling, Liu Zhen, Huang Bo

Food and Machinery

In view of the problem that the current tobacco heating cylinder cannot meet the temperature and moisture control requirements of the tobacco under different process conditions, the existing tobacco heating cylinder was designed and improved. A cooling and humidity control system was added to the tobacco, heating cylinder to realize dual-mode adjustment and control of the temperature and moisture of different smoke sheets. According to the temperature and moisture control requirements of the tobacco， the improved tobacco heating cylinder can switch between forward and reverse flow control. Verification experiments showed that the temperature and moisture stability of the improved tobacco …

Extraction And Membrane Separation Of Pigment From Seed Coat Of Red Adzuki Bean, Jin Li-Mei, Sui Shi-You, Ren Meng-Ya, Bai Jing, Niu Guang-Cai, Li Zhi-Jiang

Food and Machinery

The red pigment from the seed coats of red adzuki beans was extracted by soaking in water and separated by the pressure-driven membrane technology (microfiltration, nanofiltration, etc.), and the separation processes were also optimized. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of pigment from seed coats were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid (mass of seed coats: volume of water) at 1∶30 （g/mL）, extraction temperature 90 ℃, extraction time 90 min, and the color value of the extracts reached 7.53. The optimized membrane separation process was the combination of microfiltration (0.22 μm) and nanofiltration membrane (NF245), with …

Effect Of Drying Technology On Curcumin Compounds And Volatile Oil In Curcuma Longa L., Tian Si-Hui, Dong Chun-Ping, Wang Che-Li

Food and Machinery

In order to explore the change law of curcumin compounds and turmeric volatile oil in the drying process, the effects of different drying temperatures （60, 80, 100, 120, 150 ℃）, time （2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h） on Curcumin compounds and turmeric volatile oil in Curcuma were studied. The selection of temperature in the actual drying process was further discussed. Curcuma was extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction method for a certain time （0~10 h） at different temperatures （60~150 ℃）, and the volatile oil of Curcuma was extracted by steam distillation. The yield of the two was calculated respectively. The composition …

The Application Practice Of Nutri-Score Labeling And Its Enlightenment To China, Huang Ze-Ying, Huang Bei-Xun

Food and Machinery

Nutri-score labeling's promotion, implementation effect, algorithm, comparison with related FOP labels were elaborated, and then our study summarized application practice, and put forward the enlightenment for implementation of the FOP labeling in China.

Variations Of Physicochemical Properties Of Starch In Bitter Melon Function Rice, Yang Yong-Jian, Yuan Jie, Tao Xiang-Lin, He Yan, Tang Han-Jun

Food and Machinery

The particle morphology, particle size distribution, crystal structure, gelatinization, gel texture and molecule properties of indica rice starch of importing bitter melon DNA （D9） were compared with its receptor. The results showed that the volume percentage of D9 starch <3 μm increased significantly, while the volume percentage of large granule >9 μm decreased. The molecular ordering index values of D9 starch were 0.67 and 1.66 respectively, which were significantly higher than those of receptor, 0.60 and 1.18; while the pasting temperature of differential scanning calorimetry was 65.5 ℃, which was significantly lower than that of receptor 77.8 ℃. The highest viscosity, the minimum viscosity, disintegration value and final viscosity of D9 …

Isolation, Identification And Enzyme Production Characteristics Of Culturable Bacteria In The Air Of High-Temperature Daqu Fermentation Room, Huang Zhi-Guo, Liu Na, Wei Chun-Hui, Deng Jie, Zhong Shu-Xia, Chen Bo, Ren Zhi-Qiang

Food and Machinery

Taking the cultivable bacteria in the air of high-temperature Daqu fermentation room as the research objects to study the characteristics of separation, identification and enzyme production. The cultivable bacteria were used to take liquid state fermentation in sorghum mash, and the metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: 8 strains were isolated from the air in the high-temperature Daqu fermentation room, and they were: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Pedobacter suwonensis, Sphingomonas sanguinis, Massilia sp., Delftia sp. and Sphingobacterium sp.. After the enzyme production tests, three dominant functional bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus cereus, which all …

Isolation And Identification Of Two Acid Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria From Traditional Pickles, Feng Jin-Xiao, Li Ming-Zhu, Li Cui-Ping, Yan Wen-Di

Food and Machinery

A total of 8 strains of bacteria were isolated from 6 pickle samples in Northeast, Shandong, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places. Using simulated gastric acid experiments， morphological observations, physiological and biochemical experiments, lactic acid bacteria qualitative experiments, two strains of lactic acid bacteria with high survival rate under pH 2.5 conditions were obtained by simulation experiment. After 16S rDNA sequencing, it was determined that the two acid-resistant lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus brevis isolated from Shandong sugar garlic pickles numbered Shandong SRB and Lactobacillus casei isolated from Northeast sauerkrautnumbered Northeast HS.

The Effect Of Dark Tea Fungus On The Quality Of Wrapped Starter Culture Process, Fan Bin-Qiang, Wu Hao-Ren, Yu You-Gui, Liu An-Ran, Xiong Xiang

Food and Machinery

On the basis of the high-temperature wrapped starter production process, in the traditional wheat koji-making raw materials, 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the weight of the wheat are added to the dark tea culture medium containing Eurotium cristatum. The changes of main microbial groups, enzyme activities and conventional physical and chemical indexes in the process of culture management were investigated. The results showed that, within 28 days of culture management, the number of microbial groups (mold, yeast, bacteria and E. cristatum), conventional physical and chemical indexes (culture temperature, Koji moisture, acidity and starch content) and enzyme activity (fermentability, …

Thermal Pyrolysis Characteristics And Kinetics Study Of Reconstituted Tobacco With Different Coating Rates, Zhang Guo, Yue Xian-Ling, Ye Jian-Bin, He Yuan, Zhang Jun-Song, Liang Miao

Food and Machinery

In order to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of reconstituted tobacco with different coating rates, thermogravimetry technique combined with Coats-Redfern method was adopted to study the pyrolysis behavior and the variation of kinetic parameters of main weight loss stages. Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas release behavior was monitored by TG-FTIR technique. The results showed that: ① The content of C increased gradually and the content of O decreased with the increase of coating rate of reconstituted tobacco. While the change in the microstructure of reconstituted tobacco was not obvious. ② The thermogravimetric process of reconstituted tobacco can be divided into five stages: …

A Portable And Rapid Gutter Oil Detector Based On Multi-Feature Neural Network, Zhang Zhi-Peng, Huang Shi-Zhen, Lin Meng-Ru, Lu Qing-Ru, Lin Yan, Chen Rui-Qi

Food and Machinery

An offline oil detection device is designed based on the heterogeneous architecture of a System on a Programmable Chip (SoPC). The SoPC platform is constructed by porting Cortex-M0 soft core to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Using FPGA hardware resources, the operation order is optimized through the pipeline design with serial-parallel hybrid methods. Moreover, the parameter calibration accelerator and neural network accelerator are designed and connected to the bus system. Experimental results show that this device can perform the qualitative analysis and classification of gutter oil accurately with high detection efficiency. Compared with the traditional similar terminal gutter oil detection …

Uncertainty Evaluation For Determination Of Amantadine In Egg By Isotope Dilution-Uplc-Ms/Ms, Ma Kai, Bao Na, Huang Yong-Qiao, Wu Xin-Wen

Food and Machinery

A method for the evaluation of the uncertainty of amantadine in egg by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry was established. Based on SN/T 4253—2015, the mathematical models of uncertainty was established and the sources of uncertainty were analyzed and evaluated, while the components of uncertainty were composed. The results showed that the expanded uncertainty was 4.9 μg/kg （k=2, 99% confidence interval） when the content of amantadine was 25.2 μg/kg, mainly caused by standard solution preparation and curve fitting.

Evaluation Of Uncertainty In The Determination Of Ethyl Carbamate In Chinese Spirits By Isotope Dilution Gc-Ms Method, Wang Kai-Yu, Zuo Hui-Jun, Yu Xin-Xin, Du Yun, Ma Yan-Ling, Wu Shuai

Food and Machinery

According to GB 5009.223—2014 "National Standard for Food Safety, Determination of Ethyl Carbamate in Foods", the ethyl carbamate in liquor was determined, and the uncertainty of the measuring result was evaluated according to JJF 1059.1—2012 "Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation and Expression". Analysis found that the uncertainty of the measurement results was independent of not only the internal standard concentration of the isotope or the volumetric volume of the standard solution series, but also the volume of the sample after processing. Moreover, the uncertainty component introduced by the internal standard solution only related to the volume of the internal standard liquid. The …

The Study And Practice On The Standardized Methods For Rice Bran Oil Safety And Production, Wu Xiao-Juan, Wu Wei

Food and Machinery

According to national, local and industry standards, the entire chain of rice bran oil production was analyzed and the critical control points, main detection indicators and risk assessment systems were determined. The safety and production controlling method of rice bran oil was established in accordance with the actual situation of the enterprise. The results indicated that the establishment and application of this method could reduce the acid value, peroxide value and plasticizer content of rice bran oil products, and increase their oryzanol and phytosterol content. The oryzanol content of 36 kinds of rice bran oil products produced in 2020 was …

Design Of Chocolate Bar Feeding System Based On Linear Array Camera, Zheng Chen-Xu, Li Ya

Food and Machinery

A set of automatic feeding system of chocolate bar based on line array camera was designed. Design and select hardware system according to functional requirements; Aiming at the difficulty of hand-eye calibration for linear array cameras, a hand-eye calibration method for dynamic scanning imaging was proposed. After preprocessing the collected images, the template matching was used to identify the target, and the tracking trajectory was optimized and then sent to the robot to grasp and place. The experimental results showed that the grasping error of the robot was less than 0.5 mm, and the feeding speed met the requirements. The …

Rapid Detection Of Protein Contentin Rice Based On Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Yin Kun, Liu Jin-Ming, Zhang Dong-Jie, Zhang Ai-Wu

Food and Machinery

In view of the time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly problem of chemical detection methods in the national standard, the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS） combined with chemometrics for rapid detection of rice protein was investigated. Based on strategies of variable selection, feature extraction and nonlinear modeling, BiPLS-PCA-SVM was constructed by combining reverse interval partial least squares （BiPLS） with principal component analysis （PCA） and support vector machine （SVM） to improve the performance of the protein regression model. In BiPLS-PCA-SVM, the optimal number of principal components （PCs） was selected by combining Monte Carlo cross validation with the predicted residual sum of squares, and …

Boiling Heat Transfer And Pec Evaluation Of Helical Bellows In Vertical Grooves, Wang Jin-Feng, Teng Wen-Qiang, Xie Jing, Zhu Sheng-Lin, Chang Wan-Ying

Food and Machinery

In this simulation, R32 in the inner tube is heated by the water flowing from the outer tube to make it boil. CFD is used to simulate the boiling heat transfer of the inner spiral bellows with different numbers of vertical grooves. The results showed that compared with the smooth tube, the inner helix corrugated structure enhances the boiling heat transfer but increases the pressure drop of the inner tube. The surface heat transfer coefficient and the inner tube pressure increase to 147% and 221% of the smooth tube, respectively. With the increase of the number of vertical grooves, the …

Three-Dimensional Flow Field Analysis Of Coaxial Variable Speed Single Screw Extruder With Planetary Gears Based On Ansys, Tang Lin-Sen, Guo Shu-Guo, Wang Li-Yan

Food and Machinery

Use ANSYS/CFX software to analyze the flow channel of a coaxial variable speed single-screw extruder with planetary gears, and compare with the ordinary single screw. Results: compared with the ordinary single screw, the new coaxial variable speed single screw extruder has better pressure building capacity and longer residence time of the material in the screw, which is conducive to better mixing of the material, indicating that the planetary gear is coaxial. The variable speed single screw can locally reduce the material transportation speed, increase the material mixing capacity and the screw pressure building capacity.