Agriculture Commons^™

Genomic Selection For Yield And Seed Composition Stability In An Applied Soybean Breeding Program, Benjamin Mark Harms

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Stability traits are of primary importance in plant breeding to ensure consistency in phenotype across a range of environments. However, selection efficiency and accuracy for stability traits can be hindered due to the requirement of obtaining phenotype data across multiple years and environments for proper stability analysis. Genomic selection is a method that allows prediction of a phenotype prior to observation in the field using genome-wide marker data and phenotype data from a training population. To assess prediction of stability traits, two elite-yielding soybean populations developed three years apart in the same breeding program were used. The individuals in each …

Approaches For Mitigating Woody Breast In Commercial Broilers Through Nutritional And Management Strategies, Clay Maynard

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Breast myopathies have caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry over the last decade. The induction of woody breast (WB), white striping (WS), and spaghetti meat (SM) have caused textural issues, functional issues, and a decline in consumer acceptance. Of these three myopathies, WB causes the most pronounced effects on product quality and reduces functional use. Woody breast is also commonly associated with expansive breast meat growth/high performing broilers. However, progress in reducing these myopathies has been limited without hindering other aspects of poultry rearing. Generally, production performance reduces as myopathy occurrence or incidence reduces. This response is primarily …

Characterizing The Utility Of Atonik On Improving Rice Response To Herbicides, Srikanth Kumar Karaikal

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Biostimulants can improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress by improving plant growth and development. Herbicides cause abiotic stress to crops shortly after application, which may affect yield. Preliminary tests showed that rice yield benefits from Atonik seed treatment or tank-mixture of Atonik with foliar herbicides. Experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse to: (1) determine if seed treatment with Atonik improves rice tolerance to pre-plant herbicides; (2 and 3) evaluate the effect of Atonik seed treatment on rice response to pre-emergence and delayed pre-emergence herbicides; and (4) determine if Atonik improves crop safety of foliar-applied herbicides. Field studies were …

Peers And The Choice Of Irrigation Practices In The Arkansas Delta, Kent Kovacs, Christopher Henry, Qiuqiong Huang, Larry Jason Krutz

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

There are a range of demographic, climatic, and economic factors that influence the use of irrigation practices, along with the effect of peers and Extension agents on agricultural technologies. This research was conducted to determine how a peer's use of multiple irrigation practices influences the use of common irrigation practices in the Delta region of Arkansas. Using data from a producer survey conducted by telephone in 2015, we identify the determinants of the use and the share of an irrigated farm with five common irrigation practices in the Arkansas Delta. The role of peers for irrigation practice use depends on …

Student Perceptions Of Male And Female Instructors In A Post-Secondary Welding Course, S. Kjersti R. Decker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Agricultural mechanics and welding have traditionally been perceived to be careers reserved for males, yet more females have entered professions using welding such as agricultural education. This research was developed because of the lack of gender research in welding. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ perceptions of learning from a male instructor versus a female instructor in a post-secondary welding course. We examined associations and differences between students’ preference of a male and a female welding instructor as well as individual self-efficacy and perceptions towards using welding technology. The population for this study was undergraduate students and …

Case Study: Modeling A Grain Bin For Safe Entry Retrofit, Michael Dyer, Serap Gorucu, Randall Bock, Roderick Thomas, Jude Liu, Linda Fetzer

Office of Research Faculty and Staff Publications

All new grain bins produced after 2018 are recommended to have anchor points capable of handling a 2000 lb loading for attachment of bin entry lifeline systems. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a safe entry anchor point retrofit by using finite element analysis (FEA). We used a grain bin owned by Penn State for 3D FEA modeling in SolidWorks. To validate the model results from the FEA model, first strain and then deflection measurements were conducted on the grain. Strain gauges were applied to the grain bin in five locations and strain values were obtained after applying …

Global-To-Local-To-Global Interactions And Climate Change, Uris Baldos, Maksym Chepeliev, Brian Cultice, Matthew Huber, Sisi Meng, Alex C. Ruane, Shellye Suttles, Dominique Van Der Mensbrugghe

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Climate change by its very nature epitomizes the necessity and usefulness of the global-to-local-to-global (GLG) paradigm. It is a global problem with the potential to affect local communities and ecosystems. Accumulation of local impacts and responses to climate change feeds back to regional and global systems creating feedback loops. Understanding these complex impacts and interactions is key to developing more resilient adaptation measures and designing more efficient mitigation policies. To this date, however, GLG interactions have not yet been an integrative part of the decision-support toolkit. The typical approach either traces the impacts of global action on the local level …

Predictors Of Tropical Cyclone-Induced Urban Tree Failure: An International Scoping Review, Allyson B. Salisbury, Andrew K. Koeser, Michael G. Andreu, Yujuan Chen, Zachary Freeman, Jason W. Miesbauer, Adriana Herrera-Montes, Chai-Shian Kua, Ryo Higashiguchi Nukina, Cara A. Rockwell, Shozo Shibata, Hunter Thorn, Benyao Wang, Richard J. Hauer

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Background: Trees are critical components of rural and urban ecosystems throughout the world. While they have adapted to the historic conditions of their native environments, climate change, urbanization, and human-assisted range expansion may test the storm resiliency of many tree species.

Objective: In this global multilingual scoping review, we investigate a range of intrinsic (i.e., tree characteristics) and external (i.e., environmental and management) factors which have been used to predict tree failure during tropical cyclones.

Design: We searched online databases and journals in English, Chinese, French, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish to find peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. We retained papers that …

Corn Grain Marketing Strategy Unbiasing For 2023, Matthew Stockton, Shannon Sand

Cornhusker Economics

Discusses cognitive biasing errors that may be employed--in the context of corn market strategizing--such as the Dunning-Krueger effect, availability or distancing bias, gambler's fallacy, and anchoring bias.

A Deep Learning Framework For Processing And Classification Of Hyperspectral Rice Seed Images Grown Under High Day And Night Temperatures, Víctor Díaz-Martínez, Jairo Orozco-Sandoval, Vidya Manian, Balpreet K. Dhatt, Harkamal Walia

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A framework combining two powerful tools of hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for the processing and classification of hyperspectral images (HSI) of rice seeds is presented. A seed-based approach that trains a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) using the full seed spectral hypercube for classifying the seed images from high day and high night temperatures, both including a control group, is developed. A pixel-based seed classification approach is implemented using a deep neural network (DNN). The seed and pixel-based deep learning architectures are validated and tested using hyperspectral images from five different rice seed treatments with six different high temperature …

Fighting Malnutrition In Kenya, Jessica Payton, Tara Ross, Adalyne Nehus

ATU Scholars Symposium

No abstract provided.

Environmental And Agricultural Effects On Waterfowl Population In Arkansas, Caleb Sipes, Ellison Stephens, Marissa Young

ATU Scholars Symposium

This paper discusses some of the positive and negative effects of environmental and agricultural influences on the waterfowl population in the state of Arkansas. Waterfowl hunting has been a prominent source of revenue to the state of Arkansas for many decades. Waterfowl hunting will continue to be prominent in this state in future as long as Arkansans maintain and preserve the natural resources here as well as use our own to further progress the waterfowl industry in Arkansas. Through aerial surveying, requiring hunters to purchase licenses and stamps to legally hunt waterfowl, and conservation efforts from the Arkansas Game and …

Combination Of Hs-Spme-Gc-O-Ms And E-Nose Revealed The Characteristic Aroma Differences Of Watermelon Seeds Under Various Thermal Processing Treatments, Zhang Ru-Ru, Yu Xiong-Wei, Ouyang Hui, Peng Wu, Xu Wei-Jian, Fu Qin-Li, Li Shu-Gang

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to explore the differences in the aroma of watermelon seeds under different thermal processes. Methods: The analysis technics such as Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Olfactory-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-O-MS) and Electronic Nose (E-nose) were applied. Results: Thermal processing changed the flavor of watermelon seeds from light fragrance to strong roasted flavor; A total of 18 categories including 115 volatile compounds were detected with the help of HS-SPME-GC-O-MS, among which pyrazines, alcohols and aldehydes accounted for 34.25%, 21.07% and 10.99% of the total volatile compounds, respectively; In addition, 63 volatile compounds were discovered in watermelon seeds after microwave treatment, …

Construction And Research Of Bioreactor Simulation Scale-Up Model, Hu Yi-Wen, Han Fei-Fei, Jin Kui-Qi, Sun Yang

Food and Machinery

Objective: Building a perfect bioreactor scale-up model provides convenience for enterprise production, and a guidance for reactor manufacturers. Methods: Through the test of 1.5, 5, 20, 200 L scale reactor, the correlation and parameters of the volume dissolved oxygen coefficient kLa and mixing time tm were optimized and explored, the simulation amplification model of bioreactor was established, and the Scaleuper amplification system was built by MATLAB. Results: Compared with the test results, the simulation deviation of kLa was within ±15%. By introducing the definition of critical speed into the correlation of tm, the overall simulation deviation of tm was reduced …

Preparation And Analytical Application Of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Electrochemical Sensor Forganoderic Acid A, Huang Gui-Zhen, Wang Qing-Xiang, Chen Jin-Mei, Zhan Feng-Ping, Wei Lan, Zheng Wan-Rong

Food and Machinery

Objective: Construction of a simple and rapid method for the analysis of ganoderic acid A （GAA）. Methods: The molecular imprinted polymer （MIP） that can specifically recognize ganoderic acid A （GAA） were prepared by cyclic voltammetric deposition using GAA as template molecule and o-phenylenediamine as functional monomer. The structure, morphology and electrochemical behavior of MIP were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. Using [Fe（CN）₆]^3-/4- as the active indicator, the analytical performance of the sensor for GAA was investigated. Porous MIP for GAA can be prepared on the electrode surface by one-step electropolymerization. Results: The …

Study On Supercritical Co2 Extraction Process, Volatile Components And Antioxidant Activity Of Rose Oil From Dianhong Rose, Liu Jin-Yun, Chang Jian, Jiang Zhuo-Fang, Xu Chong-Jun, Cheng Wan, Wu Heng

Food and Machinery

Objective: Comprehensive utilization of Dianhong rose resources to improve the added value of products. Methods: The single-factor experiment and response surface experiment were used to optimize the extraction process of supercritical CO₂ with essential oil yield as the measurement index. The composition and relative content of different rose oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The components and relative contents of different rose oils were analyzed by GC-MS, and the antioxidant activities of different rose oils were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters were as followed: particle size of 40 mesh, extraction pressure of 25.5 MPa, extraction …

Study On Preparation Technology And Amino Acid Composition Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Seaweed Iodine, Liu Wen-Qian, Yue Yuan-Yuan, Li Jia-Xing, Ouyang Hua-Feng, Wang Ru, Wang Yi-Ping

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to improve the preparation efficiency seaweed iodine and reduce the cost. Methods: The ultrasonic assisted technology was applied in kelp extraction section. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of seaweed iodine was optimized by single factor and response surface test design. The amino acid composition in the final product was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic power 125 W, ultrasonic time 130 min and ultrasonic temperature 57 ℃. Under the control of these conditions, the extraction yield was 39.85%, which was 1.6 times higher than that without ultrasonic-assisted …

Study On The Anti-Fatigue Activity Of Chickpea Peptide, Dong Jing-Ru, Mo Jun-Ming, Wang Sheng

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anti-fatigue activity of chickpea polypeptide and its anti-fatigue mechanism. Methods: Weight-bearing swimming test, fatigue-related biochemical index analysis and immune activity determination were analyzed in mice. Results: In the weight-bearing swimming test, the swimming time of the chickpea polypeptide-fed group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P<0.01). The test results of biochemical indicators showed that chickpea polypeptide significantly reduced the levels of urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid in the blood of mice, and also significantly increased the contents of liver glycogen, muscle glycogen and insulin (P<0.01). Chickpea polypeptide also significantly improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In addition, chickpea polypeptide supplementation improved the immunity by increasing phagocyte activity, stimulating sIgA secretion and reducing proinflammatory cytokines in mice. Conclusion: Chickpea polypeptide has a strong anti-fatigue effect on mice.

Effect Of Different Soaking Conditions On The Quality Of Tartary Buckwheat Wine, Bai Jia-Jia, Ji De-Rong, He Yu-Zhen, Zhong Qiu, Duan Li-Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to find the most appropriate tartary buckwheat variety for soaking wine. Methods: The contents of total flavones, soluble solids, total phenols, antioxidant properties, color difference and light transmittance of three kinds of tartary buckwheat wines (A, B and C) were investigated. The effects of different tartary buckwheat varieties on wine quality characteristics were explored. Results: The contents of total flavone, total phenol, soluble solid and the scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS free radicals of tartary buckwheat B were the highest. The color difference showed that the content of total flavonoids and total phenols had a …

Optimization Of Preparation And In-Vitro Activity Of Uricate-Lowering Peptide From Dorsal Belly Meat Of Skipjack, Chu Yu-Rou, Sun Ji-Peng, Zhu Qiu-Yu, Yao Wei, Song Ru, Wang Jia-Xing

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to develop an auric-lowering peptide of skipjack byproducts (SPBp) with Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition activity and improve the utilization rate of byproducts of skipjack. Methods: Based on the response surface methodology, several parameters affecting this process were investigated, including protease types and enzymatic dosages, pH, temperature, time and their interactions on the content of amino-nitrogen, solid content and XOD inhibition activity. Results: The results showed that trypsin was the best protease. The optimal process parameters were as follows: the dosage of the enzyme was 4%, pH 8.0, temperature 55 ℃, time 5 h, solid-liquid ratio 1∶3 …

Effects Of Carbon Quantum Dot-Chitosan Coating On Preservation Of Fresh-Cut Shiitake Mushroom, Yang Na, Wei Qi-Min, Yang Wei-Ling, Huang Qun

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to improve freshness preservation quality of the fresh-cut shiitake mushroom. Methods: Carbon quantum dots were synthesized from dragon fruit peel and ethylenediamine, and characterized for stability and toxicity. Fresh-cut shiitake mushrooms were studied, and stored at 4 ℃ for 10 d after coating with 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mL/100 mL carbon quantum dots-chitosan （N-CDs/CH） for preservation treatment. During the period of preservation, the weight loss, color difference, soluble solids and polyphenol oxidase were measured every 24 h to evaluate the preservation effect of the composite films. Results: The synthesized N-CDs had the typical characteristics, which had …

Research On Trajectory Planning Algorithm Of Artificial Meat Adipose Tissue 3d Printing, Chen Lian-Jie, Ning Meng, Chen Hui-Tao, Zhang Fan

Food and Machinery

Objective: Aiming at the problems of unstable 3D printing quality and low printing efficiency of adipose tissue part of artificial meat based on plant raw materials, studied and improve the intelligent 3D printing trajectory motion algorithm matching with food materials, to reduce the accumulation and corners in the printing path. Methods: A trajectory planning method adapted to the characteristics of artificial meat adipose tissue raw materials was proposed. The complex section layer of the sliced model was divided into several simple polygon sub-partition contours using Bayesian algorithm, and an improved nearest neighbor method was used to determine the optimal motion …

Cloud Point Extraction Coupled With Isooctane Back Extraction For Determination Of Eight Pesticide Residues In Tea Beverages By Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Xie Jie, Zhou Run, Kong Ling-Can, Meng Yuan-Hua, Wang Yu

Food and Machinery

Objective: Rapid determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in tea beverages. Methods: Selecting the non-ionic surfactant PEG-4000 as cloud point extraction, pesticides were extracted with isooctane by ultrasonic back extraction. The upper layer of isoctane solution was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass. The isooctane solution was separated by HP-5 ms UI capillary column and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC/MS. Results: The eight pesticides showed a good linear relationship between 0.01～2.0 and 0.02～4.0 mg/L, respectively, with the correlation coefficients (R) of over 0.995. The detection limit and quantification limit of this method were 0.003~0.008 mg/L and 0.01~0.02 mg/L, respectively. The …

Determination Of Bisphenol A And Nonylphenol In Food Packaging Material By High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Tang Ji-Wang, Yuan Lie-Jiang, Xiao Yong, Wang Shu-Xia, Pan Zhao, Deng Hang

Food and Machinery

Objective： A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in food packaging material. Methods: The extraction solvent and extraction method were investigated. Solid-phase extraction （SPE） conditions were optimized. The effects of solid phase extraction column, loading solvent, eluting solvent and elution solvent on the purification effect were systematically analyzed. The samples were ultrasonic extracted with dichloromethaneand cleaned up on a solid-phase extraction （SPE） cartridge equipped with packing material of silicone. The separation was performed on a Venusil MP C₁₈（2）（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）by gradient elution with 0.1% ammonia …

Determination Of The Residues Of 9 Kinds Of Antiviral Drugs In Animal-Derived Sports Nutrition By Hilic-Ms/Ms, Guo Wei

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to help with strengthening the monitoring of antiviral drug residues in animal-derived sports nutrition products. Methods: A method for determining the residues of 9 kinds of antiviral drugs in animal-derived sports nutrition was established, by using hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were extracted by 1% acetic acid-acetonitrile and purified by PRiME HLB column. The mobile phase system of acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) was separated by Sielc Obelisc R column in gradient elution mode to achieve the separation of nine target components. Results: The 9 kinds of antiviral drugs …

Simultaneous Determination Of 24 Kinds Of Pesticide Residues In Coffee Peel By Solid Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Liu Chao, Mei Li-Bao, Yin Hai-Fei, Li Shu-Zhen, Long Yu-Zhou

Food and Machinery

Objective: A solid phase extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 24 pesticide residues in coffee peel. Methods: The sample was wetted with water, extracted with acetonitrile, the extract solution is concentrated and then purified with ProElut TPC solid phase extraction column, eluted with acetonitrile and toluene=3∶1, after concentration, the sample was determinated by GC-MS and the peak area was measured by internal standard method. Results: The 24 pesticides were separated well within 28 minutes. The residue of pesticide was in the range of 0.016～0.400 mg/kg, the linearity of the method was good, the correlation …

Quality And Safety Management Research Of Traditional Fermented Meat Products, Zhao Ya-Li, Zhang Xiang-Mei, Lu Han, Yang Bei, Wen Gang

Food and Machinery

The quality safety risks and quality management issues of traditional fermented meat products were analyzed. This paper put forward suggestions on increasing research and development efforts, accelerating the knowledge benefit transformation process, standardizing the standard system, refining supervision standards, standardizing workshop production, optimizing product markets, strengthening the awareness of social participation, and promoting social co-governance, in order to improve the overall quality and safety level of the traditional fermented meat products industry.

Research On Multi-Agent Collaborative Governance Of Food Safety In Catering Services Enabled By Blockchain Technology, Yu Hui-Li, Liu Deng-Pan

Food and Machinery

Objective: Solving the problem of poor information exchange among the governance subjects will help to improve the governance effect. Methods: By sorting out the typical food safety crisis events of catering services in China in 2021, and analyzing the relationship between blockchain technology and food safety collaborative governance of catering services. Results: Governance information fragmentation, information asymmetry and difficulty in information traceability were realistic dilemma of multi-agent collaborative governance. Blockchain technology and multi-agent collaborative governance had the coupling of information decentralization, security, transparency and traceability. Conclusion: Construct the multi-agent collaborative governance framework enabled by blockchain technology, promote the in-depth integration …

The Reflection And Reconstruction Of The Penalty Exemption List System In The Field Of Food Safety, Lin Ke-Liang, Mo Chen-Yu, Yang Hai

Food and Machinery

Current food safety penalty list positioning fuzzy, content reiterated a lot of the current legislation, to avoid the defects of food safety substance problems. The reason is that the administrative law enforcement excessive list penalty for food safety risk, thus adopted a negative avoidance attitude. It is not only conducive to optimize the business environment, but also will cause adverse effects on food safety in a long-term view. In essence, the formulation of the exemption list is still administrative activities rather than legislative activities. The reconstruction of the food safety exemption list system should replace the current legislation in terms …

Three-Dimensional Flow Field Analysis Of A Progressively Accelerating Single Screw With Kneading Blocks, Tian Dong, Guo Shu-Guo, Wang Li-Yan

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to improve the mixing performance and work speed of a single screw extruder increase. Methods: A coaxial gradual acceleration single screw using planetary wheel assemblies and mixing elements was designed. Using ansys/cfx to conduct the three-dimensional flow field analysis of the flow channel, the macro pressure field, speed vector diagram, speed streaming diagram and axial speed changes, were finished, which was compared to the only traditional pillar. Results: As the speed of the pillar continues to increase, the time for the material to stay in the barrel becomes shorter, and the extrusion efficiency of the gradual acceleration …