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Articles 1651 - 1680 of 33337

Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

A Fountain And Other Remains From The Middle Ages In Ramla (With Contributions By Nitzan Amitai-Preiss And Robert Kool) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 173–174), Lior Rauchberger, Aviva Bouchenino Jan 2025

A Fountain And Other Remains From The Middle Ages In Ramla (With Contributions By Nitzan Amitai-Preiss And Robert Kool) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 173–174), Lior Rauchberger, Aviva Bouchenino

'Atiqot

The excavation, conducted 500 m east of the White Mosque in Ramla, exposed architectural remains dated to the Abbasid and Mamluk periods. Pottery vessels from the Ottoman period were also found, but no contemporary architectural remains. Finds from the Abbasid period include pottery—among them a jug with an Arabic inscription—and stone and glass vessels. A fountain and a pool from the Mamluk period were uncovered. In the center of the fountain was a sunken basin in the form of an eight-pointed star. Eight vertical clay pipes embedded in debesh were revealed outside the eight points of the star, and another …

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Glass Finds From The Abbasid And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–76*; English Summary, P. 175), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Finds From The Abbasid And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 71*–76*; English Summary, P. 175), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the excavations at Ramla are remarkable. Out of 30 fragments found, 20 have been identified and 5 of these are discussed: 2 from the Abbasid period and 3 from the Mamluk period. The Abbasid-period assemblage contains a fragment of a mold-blown bowl and a small rim fragment of a bowl decorated with luster painting. The Mamluk-period assemblage includes a bottle, an “omom” sprinkler and a bird-shaped object. These finds testify to the great wealth of Ramla during the Early Islamic period, when the city was founded and served as a major center, and in the Mamluk …

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An Early Islamic-Period Roadbed(?) In Ramla (With A Contribution By Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 31*–44*; English Summary, P. 170), Elie Haddad Jan 2025

An Early Islamic-Period Roadbed(?) In Ramla (With A Contribution By Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 31*–44*; English Summary, P. 170), Elie Haddad

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation, conducted c. 250 m east of Ma‘asiyahu Junction in Ramla, uncovered the probable infrastructure of an ancient road, dating from the Early Islamic period. In most places, this foundation lies over a layer of dark, sandy hamra soil. Interspersed among the stones of the roadbed were potsherds, objects made of steatite, bone and bronze, and glass vessels. The faunal remains include a large number of horse bones. This roadbed was probably part of a secondary route, perhaps a branch of the Jaffa–Jerusalem highway.

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Glass Finds From The Early Islamic And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, Pp. 171–172), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Finds From The Early Islamic And Mamluk Periods At Ramla (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, Pp. 171–172), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

Excavations at Ma‘asiyahu Junction, Ramla yielded 68 glass fragments, 43 of which were identifiable. Most of the vessels are dated between the ninth and the eleventh centuries CE, and one fragment, to the Mamluk period. Four small lumps of raw glass were also found, probably testifying to the existence of a local glass industry. The glassware from the Early Islamic period includes a miniature ampulla, an alembic vessel and a fragment from a distinctive, horseshoe-shaped object. The superior quality of these vessels may indicate that they were imported, evidence of the wealth of Ramla’s residents during the Early Islamic period.

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An Early Islamic Settlement And A Possible Open-Air Mosque At Eilat (With A Contribution By Tamar Schick) (Pp. 129–165), Yehudah Rapuano Jan 2025

An Early Islamic Settlement And A Possible Open-Air Mosque At Eilat (With A Contribution By Tamar Schick) (Pp. 129–165), Yehudah Rapuano

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations were carried out in the southernmost sector of an Early Islamic settlement within the industrial zone of Eilat. Three separate, rectilinear building units were uncovered, situated in close proximity to one another, each comprising rooms and courtyards. This Early Islamic village was part of a wider phenomenon of settlements that flourished on the desert periphery, in the shadow of the ancient port city of Ayla. After its abandonment, in the later part of the eighth century, the site was briefly reused, evidently in the ninth century; this use is marked by pits, some of which contained burials.

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A Site From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At Khirbat El-Burj (With Contributions By Robert Kool And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–30*; English Summary, Pp. 167–169), Ilan Peretz, Pirhiya Nahshoni Jan 2025

A Site From The Roman And Byzantine Periods At Khirbat El-Burj (With Contributions By Robert Kool And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–30*; English Summary, Pp. 167–169), Ilan Peretz, Pirhiya Nahshoni

'Atiqot

The site is located at the foot of the Hebron Hills, one kilometer south of Tell Beit Mirsim. Two areas were excavated (Areas A and B). In Area A, a row of three rooms, possibly associated with a Roman bathhouse, was exposed. The artifacts recovered from the fills and the floors included tubuli, ceramic tiles and segments of mosaic panels, as well as fragments of pottery and glass vessels, and three coins. These finds date mostly to the Late Roman and early Byzantine periods (end of third–fifth centuries CE). In Area B, the remains of a plastered installation, partly built …

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Two Roman–Byzantine Subsurface Features At Ḥorbat Qastra (Castra), At The Foot Of Mount Carmel (Pp. 71–127), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Orit Rutgaizer, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Liora K. Horwitz, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis Jan 2025

Two Roman–Byzantine Subsurface Features At Ḥorbat Qastra (Castra), At The Foot Of Mount Carmel (Pp. 71–127), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Orit Rutgaizer, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Liora K. Horwitz, Nili Liphschitz, Henk K. Mienis

'Atiqot

Two subterranean features were uncovered at Ḥorbat Qastra, situated on the southern outskirts of Haifa: Cave 1070, probably a reservoir, including two adjoining chambers (possibly a ritual bath, miqveh); and Cave 1071, consisting of two chambers, probably intended for dwelling. The caves yielded many restorable glass vessels, as well as pottery, dating from the fourth to seventh/eight centuries CE. The glass finds are characterized by their homogeneous fabric, workmanship and forms, indicating the existence of a local production center. Charred pieces of wood and a few carbonized seeds were found in Cave 1071, belonging to five species that still grow …

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Early Bronze Age Fauna From Qiryat Ata—Area O (Pp. 61–70), Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Early Bronze Age Fauna From Qiryat Ata—Area O (Pp. 61–70), Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

Extensive salvage excavations at the site of Qiryat Ata exposed faunal remains dating to the three phases identified at the site: Phase 3, Early Bronze Age IB; Phase 2, Late Early Bronze Age IB; and Phase 1, Early Bronze Age II. The most common species in the Phase 3 assemblage is pig, followed by sheep/goat and cattle. For Phase 2, remains of cattle are the most numerous, followed by pig, with only scarce remains of sheep/goat. The largest proportion of identified bones from Area O was recovered from Phase 1: cattle predominate, with smaller numbers of pig and sheep/goat remains, …

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Gat-Govrin (Naḥal Qomem): A Late Chalcolithic Site In The Northern Negev (Pp. 1–25), Hamoudi Khalaily, Sorin Hermon Jan 2025

Gat-Govrin (Naḥal Qomem): A Late Chalcolithic Site In The Northern Negev (Pp. 1–25), Hamoudi Khalaily, Sorin Hermon

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation at Gat-Govrin, located in the southern coastal plain, exposed an archaeological layer subdivided into two sedimentological levels. At the base of the archaeological layer were pits—some shallow and wide, others deep and bell-shaped. Ten pits were excavated; all contained potsherds, stone vessels and flint artifacts. The homogeneous pottery assemblage, manufactured from local material, is characteristic of the Chalcolithic repertoire. The flint artifacts include Canaanean blades, some retouched and with gloss. It appears that the Gat-Govrin site was a seasonal settlement, occupied by small groups toward the end of the Chalcolithic period (last quarter of the fourth millennium …

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Rescue Excavations At The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata—Area O (With Contributions By Raphael Greenberg, Hamoudi Khalaily And Henk K. Mienis) (Pp. 27–60), Amir Golani Jan 2025

Rescue Excavations At The Early Bronze Age Site Of Qiryat Ata—Area O (With Contributions By Raphael Greenberg, Hamoudi Khalaily And Henk K. Mienis) (Pp. 27–60), Amir Golani

'Atiqot

The excavation at Qiryat Ata, Area O, was undertaken in the southern, peripheral zone of the site. Three primary settlement episodes were revealed: Phases 3 and 2 date to EB IB and consist of two buildings and associated surfaces, while Phase 1 dates to EB II and mainly consists of a large fortification wall. These three phases correlate with the three main occupation strata (III–I) that have been identified at the site. The finds in Area O include two large and homogenous pottery assemblages, dating to EB IB and EB II; four cylinder-seal impressions; flints, representing a relatively ‘clean’ EB …

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The Late Bronze Age Ii ‘Fisherman’S Grave’ From Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–7*; English Summary, P. 241), Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa Jan 2025

The Late Bronze Age Ii ‘Fisherman’S Grave’ From Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–7*; English Summary, P. 241), Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa

'Atiqot

Heavy rains exposed a Late Bronze Age IIB pit-grave in the eastern burial ground at Akhziv. Fourteen vessels, arranged in two groups, were interred along its eastern and western sides; no skeletal remains were preserved. The pottery assemblage includes bowls, juglets, jugs and jars, local and imports. Of note was a collection of lead fishing-net weights found inside one of the bowls.

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Lead Fishing-Net Weights From The ‘Fisherman’S Grave,’ Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–17*; English Summary, Pp. 242–243), Jacob Sharvit Jan 2025

Lead Fishing-Net Weights From The ‘Fisherman’S Grave,’ Akhziv (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–17*; English Summary, Pp. 242–243), Jacob Sharvit

'Atiqot

Some 73 lead fishing-net weights were found within a milk bowl in a Late Bronze Age II grave in the eastern Akhziv burial ground. Fishing nets, and the lead weights attached to them, are one of the earliest forms of fishing equipment, and have been used by Mediterranean fishermen for thousands of years. Thus, identifying and dating the weights is particularly difficult. The find of the lead weights in a sealed archaeological context in the Akhziv grave is especially important, because here they can be identified and dated, and a typological database can be constructed. Based on a comparison between …

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The Coins From The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 229–239), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 229–239), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Fifty-eight coins were found during the excavations, all made of bronze; twelve were unidentifiable. The date of the coins conforms to the main settlement phase at the site, i.e., the Late Roman and Byzantine periods; five coins date to the Hellenistic period, and one coin is a solitary Abbasid fals. None of the coins from the Byzantine phase date later than the first half of the sixth century, which may suggest that the site was affected by the plagues that struck the region beginning in mid-542 CE.

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A Roman Milestone From The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 223–228), Israel Roll Jan 2025

A Roman Milestone From The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 223–228), Israel Roll

'Atiqot

A Roman milestone was uncovered 50 m to the northwest of the Byzantine estate buildings. It is a segment of a marble column, roughly cut at one end and broken at the other. The milestone segment bears two lapidary Latin inscriptions: one from the time of Elagabalus (218–222 CE), the other from the reign of Diocletian (284–305 CE).

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Remains From The Hellenistic Through The Byzantine Periods At The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 167–222), Yigal Israel, Tali Erickson-Gini Jan 2025

Remains From The Hellenistic Through The Byzantine Periods At The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 167–222), Yigal Israel, Tali Erickson-Gini

'Atiqot

The excavation revealed fragmentary evidence of occupation from the Iron Age through the Early Roman period (Area E); five early Gaza-jar kilns from the first–third centuries CE (Area F1); the remains of a well-built installation complex that included a bathhouse, pools, an oil press, two winepresses, several warehouses and a pottery kiln, belonging to a large Byzantine-period (late fourth or early fifth to early seventh centuries CE) agricultural estate (Areas A–C, E); and several Byzantine-period graves and a tomb (Areas A, D). Hellenistic and Early Roman pottery, dating from the third through the first centuries BCE, as well as five …

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A Late Bronze Age Ii Settlement On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 133–141), Yonatan Nadelman Jan 2025

A Late Bronze Age Ii Settlement On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 133–141), Yonatan Nadelman

'Atiqot

The excavation took place on a kurkar hill overlooking the sea. Four squares were opened on the southern slope, and settlement deposits of the Late Bronze Age II were revealed, without any architectural elements. A ceramic figurine was found. The vessels that were found at the site seem to indicate a single-period LB II settlement. The fabrics point to a number of sources, local (Canaanite) and foreign (Cypriot, Mycenaean and possibly Egyptian). This international character is clearly in keeping with the general picture of the period.

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An Intermediate Bronze Age Settlement And A Middle Bronze Age Ii Cemetery At The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 143–165), Tali Erickson-Gini, Yigal Israel Jan 2025

An Intermediate Bronze Age Settlement And A Middle Bronze Age Ii Cemetery At The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 143–165), Tali Erickson-Gini, Yigal Israel

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation was conducted on the eastern slopes of a kurkar ridge that runs parallel to the Mediterranean shoreline. The excavation revealed remains from the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age II. Architectural remnants of the Intermediate Bronze Age (2200–2000 BCE) comprise a ‘cluster’ of round or oval rooms, constructed of mud bricks. The pottery assemblage from the site is characteristic of the Intermediate Bronze Age in southern Canaan. Sixteen pit graves dating to MB II were discovered in three clusters. The inhabitants buried here may have lived in a satellite settlement of the MB II fortified city …

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Petrographic Analysis Of Selected Vessels From The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 123–126), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Petrographic Analysis Of Selected Vessels From The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 123–126), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Samples of nine vessels from the site on the southern beach of Ashdod were examined petrographically using a polarized microscope to identify the origins of the vessels. According to the petrographic results, it appears that none of the vessels sampled were locally made. The variety of the vessels’ raw materials bears witness to the commercial relations this site had with other sites located along the northern coast of Israel and the Lebanese coast, as well as its ties overseas. The internationality of the Late Bronze Age is well-expressed in the petrographic results.

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Botanical Remains From The Excavation On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 127–131), Yoel Melamed Jan 2025

Botanical Remains From The Excavation On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (Pp. 127–131), Yoel Melamed

'Atiqot

Carbonized remains of seeds and fruit mixed with sand were collected in Areas A and B of the Late Bronze Age site (thirteenth century BCE) on the southern beach of Ashdod. The majority of the identified remains were of grapes; other species are represented by a few seeds.

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A Thirteenth-Century Bce Site On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Shlomit Israeli, Hamoudi Khalaily, Dror Segal And Israel Carmi, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Eldad Barzilay, Pirhiya Nahshoni And Eyal Tishler) (Pp. 59–122), Pirhiya Nahshoni Jan 2025

A Thirteenth-Century Bce Site On The Southern Beach Of Ashdod (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Shlomit Israeli, Hamoudi Khalaily, Dror Segal And Israel Carmi, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Eldad Barzilay, Pirhiya Nahshoni And Eyal Tishler) (Pp. 59–122), Pirhiya Nahshoni

'Atiqot

The site is located approximately 4 km west of Tel Ashdod, about 50 m from the shoreline. Two areas were excavated: in Area A, installations identified as winepresses, as well as occupation levels, were found; in Area B, a mud-brick complex was uncovered. One tomb (T1) was discovered, and traces indicating the presence of other tombs were discerned north of the site. In the building and in the vicinity of the winepresses numerous pottery sherds were found, of locally-produced vessels, as well as Cypriot, Mycenean and Egyptian imports. Other finds included an Egyptian scarab, spindle whorls and loomweights, metal fishhooks, …

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A Late Bronze Age Cemetery On The Coast Of Palmahim (Pp. 9–57), Eli Yannai, Ram Gophna, Shmuel Liphshitz, Yuval Liphshitz Jan 2025

A Late Bronze Age Cemetery On The Coast Of Palmahim (Pp. 9–57), Eli Yannai, Ram Gophna, Shmuel Liphshitz, Yuval Liphshitz

'Atiqot

A total of 23 tombs were excavated in the Palmahim Northern Cemetery, located on the shore, some 200 m south of Naḥal Soreq’s outlet to the Mediterranean Sea, just north of Yavne-Yam. The tombs were hewn in bedrock and lined with stone slabs, a method of burial that is almost unique in the Late Bronze Age in Israel. The pottery from the Northern Cemetery was in a fine state of preservation, pointing to various production techniques, such as knife-paring, slipping, burnishing and painting. The assemblage, dating between the late fourteenth and the beginning of the thirteenth centuries BCE, includes local …

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Underwater Ptolemaic Coin Hoards From Megadim (Pp. 1–8), Danny Syon, Catharine Lorber, Ehud Galili Jan 2025

Underwater Ptolemaic Coin Hoards From Megadim (Pp. 1–8), Danny Syon, Catharine Lorber, Ehud Galili

'Atiqot

In the shallow underwater zone adjacent to Naḥal Megadim on the Carmel coast, a concentration of bronze objects, among them coins from the Hellenistic and Mamluk periods, were discovered. The coins belonged to three hoards: 55 medium-sized Ptolemaic bronze coins (Hoard 1), probably from the joint reign of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy IX; 19 silver tetradrachms (Hoard 2), ranging from Ptolemy VIII to Ptolemy X (152/1–100/99 BCE); and 10 bronze coins that were found within an amphora (Hoard 3), dating between c. 180(?) and 168 BCE. It is likely that the Ptolemaic silver coins of Hoard 2 belonged to the …

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Coins From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 127–131), Robert Kool Jan 2025

Coins From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 127–131), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

During excavations at the site of Ḥorbat Yagur, 132 coins were discovered, 49 of which were identified. All the coins, except for two isolated Roman Provincial types of the second–third centuries CE, are small bronze nummi, dating to the fourth and fifth centuries CE.

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The Medieval Pottery From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 117–126), Yael D. Arnon Jan 2025

The Medieval Pottery From Ḥorbat Yagur (Pp. 117–126), Yael D. Arnon

'Atiqot

The medieval assemblage from the excavations at Ḥorbat Yagur dates from the ninth (Early Islamic period) until the fourteenth (Mamluk period) centuries CE. The pottery was divided into two categories based on function: tableware and cooking ware, each further divided into unglazed and glazed wares. The pottery demonstrates that the excavated area was probably a dwelling.

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A Settlement From The Roman–Mamluk Periods At Ḥorbat Yagur (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, P. 143), Kareem Sa‘Id Jan 2025

A Settlement From The Roman–Mamluk Periods At Ḥorbat Yagur (Hebrew, Pp. 77*–90*; English Summary, P. 143), Kareem Sa‘Id

'Atiqot

The excavation at Ḥorbat Yagur uncovered a settlement inhabited continuously from the Roman to the Mamluk periods, with a gap from the eighth to the first half of the ninth centuries CE. In Area A, two strata were discerned: Stratum II, comprising the remains of buildings, dated by ceramic finds to the Roman period; and Stratum I, comprising a wall dating to the Byzantine period. One-hundred twenty-nine coins from the fourth–fifth centuries CE were found. In Area B, four strata were discerned: part of a building in Stratum IV; fills of burnt earth in Stratum III; part of a building …

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A Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Pp. 71–108), Howard Smithline, Edna J. Stern Jan 2025

A Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Pp. 71–108), Howard Smithline, Edna J. Stern

'Atiqot

A Crusader-period bathhouse, which was exposed in the Montmusard suburb north of the Crusader city wall, is the first large verifiable Crusader-period structure to be found in this area. It was constructed directly upon remains of the Hellenistic city, with no intervening occupation levels. The bathhouse, only partially preserved in its western part, is of the hypocaust type, comprising a furnace, a storage and stoking room, a northern hot room and a larger eastern hot room. Its eastern part was very poorly preserved due to extensive stone robbing during the Ottoman period. The finds include fragmentary ceramic vessels, water pipes …

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Glass Finds From The Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (Pp. 109–116), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Finds From The Crusader-Period Bathhouse In ‘Akko (Acre) (Pp. 109–116), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

More than 700 glass fragments were discovered in the Crusader bathhouse in ‘Akko, the vast majority dating to the Crusader period. Four very small cast-bowl fragments and a glass inlay or gaming piece from the late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods were also found, as well as a fragment of a Byzantine wineglass. Windowpane fragments form the largest part of the Crusader-period glass finds. They were all blown, with a circular or oval outline. Most of the panes were of poor-quality light greenish glass, some were colorless with grayish green, yellowish green, or other undertones, and 30 fragments were in …

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Remains Of A Byzantine And Early Islamic Rural Settlement At The Be’Er Sheva‘ North Train Station (With Contributions By Natalya Katsnelson And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–76*; English Summary, Pp. 140–142), Yigal Israel, Gregory Seriy, Oded Feder Jan 2025

Remains Of A Byzantine And Early Islamic Rural Settlement At The Be’Er Sheva‘ North Train Station (With Contributions By Natalya Katsnelson And Moshe Sade) (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–76*; English Summary, Pp. 140–142), Yigal Israel, Gregory Seriy, Oded Feder

'Atiqot

Two areas were excavated, uncovering the remains of four buildings (Buildings 100, 200, 300 and 400). Building 100, a watchtower, was probably erected during the Byzantine period. Building 300, a farmhouse, included a kitchen, in which two ovens were constructed; numerous pottery vessels date the building to the late Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. The building also yielded fragments of glass vessels, a fragment of a small iron pruning-knife and archaezoological finds. Building 400, the corner of a farmhouse, included pottery from the end of the Byzantine period. Building 200, probably from the beginning of the Early Islamic period, included …

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Wall Paintings From The Late Roman Or Early Byzantine Period In Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, P. 139), Talila Michaeli Jan 2025

Wall Paintings From The Late Roman Or Early Byzantine Period In Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, P. 139), Talila Michaeli

'Atiqot

Traces of simple wall paintings, painted in fresco technique with reddish brown paint, were found in Arcosolium Cave 4 at Ben Shemen. The depiction of a wreath might be connected with Christian funerary art, symbolizing the victory of Christ and his believers; however, the wreath may have framed an inscription with the name of the deceased or his portrait. The dating is difficult, since reddish brown monochrome paintings appear in Israel in tombs dating from the mid-third to the fifth centuries CE. Therefore, only a general date can be attributed to the paintings: the final phase of the Roman or …

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A Greek Inscription From The Late Roman Period In Burial Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Pp. 67–70), Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

A Greek Inscription From The Late Roman Period In Burial Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Pp. 67–70), Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A Greek inscription, consisting of four lines, including the term “servants of Christ”, was found in a rock-hewn arcosolium burial cave (Cave 4) in Ben Shemen. The inscription was painted in red on a plastered section of the cave wall that had collapsed from above the eastern arcosolium. Based on palaeography, as well as the type of abbreviations used in the script, the tomb was used in the late third or early fourth centuries CE.

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