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Full-Text Articles in Agriculture

Leather Fragments From A Tomb In The Byzantine Monasteryin Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 111–112), Naama Sukenik Jan 2025

Leather Fragments From A Tomb In The Byzantine Monasteryin Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 111–112), Naama Sukenik

'Atiqot

Several pieces of leather were found amongthe bones in thesouthern burial chamber in theeastern burial complex.They were identified asthe soles of a pair of sandals or closed shoes. It is assumed that the deceased wereburied with their clothes due to the belief in theresurrection of the body.

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The Glass Finds From The Byzantine Monastery In Naḥal Qidron,Jerusalem (Pp. 101–106), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From The Byzantine Monastery In Naḥal Qidron,Jerusalem (Pp. 101–106), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The glass finds from the monastery in NaḥalQidronare associated with the late Byzantine–earlyUmayyad periods, particularly the sixth–seventhcenturies CE. They resemble specimens incontemporary glass assemblages from the Jerusalem area, many of them originating inChristian ecclesiastical complexes.The assemblagecomprises some 170 small glass fragments,about 110 of which belong to windowpanes.Most of the vessels are free blown, plain andmade of translucent glass, mostly colorless, blue, greenish blue and green.

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Provenance Study Of A Basaltic Millstone From The Byzantinemonastery In Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 107–110), Irina Segal Jan 2025

Provenance Study Of A Basaltic Millstone From The Byzantinemonastery In Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 107–110), Irina Segal

'Atiqot

During excavations of a monastery nearJerusalem, a Byzantine-periodbasaltic millstone of an unusualtype was discovered.The aim of this study is to define the chemicalcomposition of the millstone and to attempt to provenance it.

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Mosaic Floors, Liturgical Vessels And Furniture, Andarchitectural Sculpture From The Byzantine Monasteryin Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 83–100), Lihi Habas Jan 2025

Mosaic Floors, Liturgical Vessels And Furniture, Andarchitectural Sculpture From The Byzantine Monasteryin Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 83–100), Lihi Habas

'Atiqot

Salvage excavations in Naḥal Qidron, southof Jerusalem, revealed a monastery adornedwith mosaic floors. A composition of geometricinterlaces populated with animals decorated thefloor of the church hall, while geometric andvegetal carpets decorated the vestibule.Stylistic and technical analyses of the mosaicsindicatea datein the mid-sixth century CE.Liturgical furniture madeof imported marble, alongside local stoneimitations, as well as architectural sculpture,were also found at the site. Fragments of two liturgical vessels, a marblepanel, a fragment of a leg of an altar table and a limestonebracket were found.

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A Byzantine Monastery In Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 49–82), Yehiel Zelinger, Hervé Barbé Jan 2025

A Byzantine Monastery In Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 49–82), Yehiel Zelinger, Hervé Barbé

'Atiqot

A salvageexcavation was conducted on the lowerwestern slope of a high hill east of NaḥalQidron, Jerusalem. The remains wereidentified as a Byzantine monastery.Most of the site washighly disturbed by construction activities andwas excavated as one large unit,including two courtyards, northern and southern, the rooms surrounding them on the north andsouth, and anundergroundburial complex in the east.The finds––pottery, roof tiles, glassand mosaic floors––date to the Byzantine–EarlyIslamic periods, up to the eighth century CE.Fragments of a few ossuaries date to the EarlyRoman period, but they lack a clear stratigraphiccontext. The monastic complex belongs to theone-story coenobium type that flourished inthe Judean Desert …

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Petrographic Examination Of Intermediate Bronze Age Storagevessels From Murhan, A Site In The Harod Valley (Pp. 29–34), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Petrographic Examination Of Intermediate Bronze Age Storagevessels From Murhan, A Site In The Harod Valley (Pp. 29–34), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

The pedology of the vicinity of the site ischaracterized by brown basaltic and brownMediterranean forest soils—both of which are calcareous—covering the hills, and bybrown alluvial vertisoils covering the valleys.Eight samples were selected for petrographicexamination. These form two petrographicgroups: Group 1, from the central Jordan Valley, and Group 2, from the Jezreel Valley.

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Murhan: An Intermediate Bronze Age Site In The Harod Valley (Pp. 13–28), Karen Covello-Paran Jan 2025

Murhan: An Intermediate Bronze Age Site In The Harod Valley (Pp. 13–28), Karen Covello-Paran

'Atiqot

A small-scale salvageexcavation was carried out along the outskirts of the ancientsite of Murhan in the Harod Valley.The site is located on thesoutheastern spur of Giv‘at Qumi, above NaḥalYosef.For the most part, Murhan is a single-periodsite dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age,with sporadic finds dating to the Iron Age.

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Glass Vessels And Glass-Production Remains From The “Ganor Compound” In Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 143–151), Yael Gorin-Rosen Jan 2025

Glass Vessels And Glass-Production Remains From The “Ganor Compound” In Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 143–151), Yael Gorin-Rosen

'Atiqot

A typical group of Crusader glass vessels was found in the “Ganor Compound” in Yafo, as well as a single bottle from the late tenth and early eleventh centuries CE. The Crusader glass mainly includes beakers and bottles of common types. Remains of glass production were also found: small chunks of raw glass, a small glass drop and remains of bricks, walls or floors of the furnaces; these could belong to either primary or secondary production stages. It seems that most of the vessels were locally made.

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Pottery From The “Ganor Compound,” Yafo (Jaffa) (Hebrew, Pp. 85*–96*; English Summary, P. 161), Aviva Bouchenino, Eriola Jakoel Jan 2025

Pottery From The “Ganor Compound,” Yafo (Jaffa) (Hebrew, Pp. 85*–96*; English Summary, P. 161), Aviva Bouchenino, Eriola Jakoel

'Atiqot

Excavations in the “Ganor Compound” in Yafo exposed potsherds from the Early Islamic (eighth–eleventh centuries CE) to the end of the Crusader (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE) periods. The Early Islamic pottery includes glazed bowls, kraters, a cooking pot, a jar, jugs and amphoriskoi; a stone-bowl handle was also found. The ceramic assemblage from the Crusader period consists of two main groups: local and imported vessels. The local pottery includes glazed and unglazed bowls, a krater, cooking pots, frying pans, a table amphora, jugs, a juglet and oil lamps. The imported vessels attest to flourishing trade between the city port of Yafo …

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The Coins From Yafo (Jaffa), Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (Pp. 135–141), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Yafo (Jaffa), Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (Pp. 135–141), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

The coin finds from Jerusalem Boulevard in Yafo represent a wide chronological range, from the second century BCE to the early years of the State of Israel, reflecting the city’s long and multiple-layered history. Among the coins were two Seleucid-period small bronzes; a single prutah from the Roman period; three Byzantine-period coins—a small pre-reform copper nummus, a post-reform nummus and a follis; Ummayad post-reform coppers; two medieval silver coins—one of them is a square-cut dirham; and five Late Ottoman currencies, including a gold 10 franc coin of Napoleon III and a pierced 5 Milliemes.

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Remains From The Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader And Ottoman Periods In The “Ganor Compound,” Yafo (Jaffa) (With Contributions By Amir Golani, Robert Kool, Moshe Sade)(Hebrew, Pp. 71*–83*; English Summary, Pp. 159–160), Eriola Jakoel Jan 2025

Remains From The Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader And Ottoman Periods In The “Ganor Compound,” Yafo (Jaffa) (With Contributions By Amir Golani, Robert Kool, Moshe Sade)(Hebrew, Pp. 71*–83*; English Summary, Pp. 159–160), Eriola Jakoel

'Atiqot

Excavations on the eastern fringes of Tel Yafo unearthed finds dating from the Hellenistic, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader and Ottoman periods. From the Hellenistic period, a bronze coin of Ptolemy II was found. From the Byzantine period, occupation layers were exposed that contained potsherds, glass tesserae and glass industrial waste. During the Islamic period, the area was used for industrial and agricultural purposes. In the Crusader period (the late eleventh–twelfth and the thirteenth centuries CE), organized street networks, public buildings and dwellings, as well as a well-developed industry, were exposed. Yafo was reoccupied in the Ottoman period (seventeenth century CE), …

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Glass Vessels From Yafo (Jaffa), Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (Pp. 131–133), Brigitte Ouahnouna Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From Yafo (Jaffa), Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (Pp. 131–133), Brigitte Ouahnouna

'Atiqot

The excavations on Jerusalem Boulevard in Yafo yielded about 40 glass objects. The major finds are medicine bottles, medical ampules and cosmetic or perfume containers, dating from the end of the nineteenth to the first half of the twentieth centuries (British Mandate). Inscriptions on the bottles indicate that there existed a pharmacy on-site. This glass repertoire highlights an aspect of daily life in Palestine at the beginning of the twentieth century.

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The Northeastern Fringes Of Yafo (Jaffa) In Light Of The Excavations On Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (With Contributions By Peter Gendelman, Alexander Glick)(Hebrew, Pp. 43*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 157–158), Eriola Jakoel, Jenny Marcus Jan 2025

The Northeastern Fringes Of Yafo (Jaffa) In Light Of The Excavations On Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (With Contributions By Peter Gendelman, Alexander Glick)(Hebrew, Pp. 43*–70*; English Summary, Pp. 157–158), Eriola Jakoel, Jenny Marcus

'Atiqot

Excavations in the northeastern part of Yafo exposed a massive wall from the Hellenistic period, which might have been part of a farmstead. The pottery, metal artifacts and numismatic finds from this period indicate that the occupants were wealthy and maintained trade contacts. The most prominent finds date to the late Ottoman period (nineteenth–mid-twentieth centuries CE), including the remains of seven buildings, a road, seven built cesspits and an underground drainage system. The late Ottoman remains attest to extensive development of the area at a time when there was a flourishing trade in citrus fruit and the city’s population reached …

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Ottoman Pottery And Glass Bracelets From Yafo (Jaffa), Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (Pp. 115–129), Anna De Vincenz Jan 2025

Ottoman Pottery And Glass Bracelets From Yafo (Jaffa), Jerusalem Boulevard And Its Vicinity (Pp. 115–129), Anna De Vincenz

'Atiqot

The Ottoman-period pottery uncovered on Jerusalem Boulevard in Yafo includes well-known types, dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries CE. These include hard paste and porcelain vessels, glazed vessels such as Didymoteicho and Çanakkale Wares, and coarse-ware vessels such as Gaza Ware and other local wares. Imitations of Chinese porcelain were observed, such as the use of transfer-printing technique and Sponge Ware. Also found were a Meissen coffee cup, clay pipes of the chibouk type, narghile heads, floor tiles and glass bracelets, typical of the Ottoman period. The numerous imported vessels in the assemblage correlate with the status of …

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The Coins From Moshav Ha-Bonim (Pp. 113–114), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From Moshav Ha-Bonim (Pp. 113–114), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

Eight coins were unearthed at Moshav Ha-Bonim. Three of the identified coins originated in a significant archaeological context: a bronze nummus of Constantine I and two Byzantine-period coins. Noteworthy is a quasi-autonomous bronze coin that was minted at the ancient port city of Dora under Roman rule.

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Decorated Entablature And Liturgical Elements From Moshav Ha-Bonim (Pp. 101–106), Peter Gendelman Jan 2025

Decorated Entablature And Liturgical Elements From Moshav Ha-Bonim (Pp. 101–106), Peter Gendelman

'Atiqot

Several fragments of decorated entablature and liturgical elements were uncovered within the ecclesiastical complex at Moshav Ha-Bonim. Most of the fragments were discarded into a cistern near the southern aisle of the church. Several limestone cornice fragments were found, as well as a marble spiral-fluted column, a limestone pinecone-shaped finial, a limestone chancel screen, a marble rectangular offering altar and a marble sigma table top. These were all probably originally part of the furnishings of the nearby church.

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The Glass Finds From Moshav Ha-Bonim (Pp. 107–112), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From Moshav Ha-Bonim (Pp. 107–112), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The excavation yielded some 300 glass fragments, about 120 of which were diagnostic. The glass finds from the Byzantine church in Area B included bowls, beakers, wineglasses, bottles, a lamp and a fragment of a quadrangular windowpane. Glass-production debris was found in Area A, dating to the Roman and early Byzantine periods.

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A Church And Agricultural Installations South Of Moshav Ha-Bonim (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–42*; English Summary, Pp. 155–156), Uzi 'Ad Jan 2025

A Church And Agricultural Installations South Of Moshav Ha-Bonim (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–42*; English Summary, Pp. 155–156), Uzi 'Ad

'Atiqot

Three areas (A–C) were excavated, comprising four occupation layers dating from the first–second centuries CE, the third–fourth centuries CE, the fifth century CE and the seventh–eighth centuries CE. A trefoil-apsed church dating to the fifth century CE was exposed in Area B. The apse was built over a crypt that most probably contained the remains of martyrs or saints. The finds recovered from the church include pottery, glass, coins, marble fragments of a table and columns, attesting that it was in use until the Muslim conquest of the country in the seventh century CE. In Area A, complex winepresses, quarries …

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The Archaeozoology Of Bronze Age Offerings From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 75–100), Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

The Archaeozoology Of Bronze Age Offerings From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 75–100), Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

The animal remains recovered during the salvage excavations in Cave 900 were interspersed among human skeletal remains, ceramics, weapons and ornaments. It is apparent that the faunal remains represent exclusively domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus) that were slaughtered as part of Bronze Age mortuary rituals. This assemblage provides additional evidence for the widespread nature of the funeral feast in both the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age IIB.

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A Cache Of Iron Quarrying Tools From Excavations Near Jerusalem’S Third Wall (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

A Cache Of Iron Quarrying Tools From Excavations Near Jerusalem’S Third Wall (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 153–154), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

A group of quarrying tools was recovered from Area B of the Third Wall excavations, approximately 400 m northwest of Damascus Gate, Jerusalem. The tools were found side-by-side, one atop the other, and therefore, seem to be part of a stonemason’s tool kit. Among the tools are splitting wedges and wedge slats. This is the first time that so large a group of ancient quarrying tools has been exposed in situ in an archaeological excavation. The tools were probably used in a quarry dating to the Second Temple period.

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The Anthropological Remains From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–74), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Anthropological Remains From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–74), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age II were exposed in Burial Cave 900. The MB II burials were found in two superposed levels. Despite the fragmentary nature of the bones, children and adults of both sexes were identified.

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Petrographic Analysis Of Seven Vessels From Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 69–70), Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

Petrographic Analysis Of Seven Vessels From Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 69–70), Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Seven Middle Bronze Age II vessels from Cave 900 were analyzed. They were divided into two petrographic groups: Group 1, which included a bowl and a ring flask, and Group 2, which included two Tell el-Yahudiyeh juglets, a jug and a juglet; the rhyton can be related to either of the two groups. The raw materials of both groups are available near the site.

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The Scarab From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 71–72), Daphna Ben-Tor Jan 2025

The Scarab From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 71–72), Daphna Ben-Tor

'Atiqot

The offerings in Burial Cave 900 included one glazed steatite scarab, which originated in the lower Middle Bronze Age II burial level. Its design is not attested on any known example; however, it displays characteristics indicating it is a local Canaanite production.

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Pottery And Small Finds From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 33–67), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Pottery And Small Finds From Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 33–67), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

A total of 107 pottery vessels were discovered in the cave, dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age II. The Intermediate Bronze Age assemblage was found in situ and as such, is an important contribution to the study of this period in greater Jerusalem. The finds from this period include jars, a four-spouted lamp and a stopper. The MB II pottery includes piriform juglets, globular bowls, jugs, store jars and dipper juglets. Three unique specimens were found: an unusually decorated Tell el-Yahudiyeh juglet; a ring flask—the earliest of its kind in Canaan; and an intact bull-shaped rython. …

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An Intermediate Bronze Age Presence At Tel Yizra‘’El (With A Contribution By Ofer Marder And Howard Smithline) (Pp. 1–16), Howard Smithline Jan 2025

An Intermediate Bronze Age Presence At Tel Yizra‘’El (With A Contribution By Ofer Marder And Howard Smithline) (Pp. 1–16), Howard Smithline

'Atiqot

Excavations on the eastern slope of Tel Yizra‘’el, near the spring of ‘En Yizra‘’el, revealed two periods, represented mainly by ceramic finds: the Intermediate Bronze Age, and, to a lesser extent, Early Bronze Age III. The discovery of an Intermediate Bronze Age habitation at Tel Yizra‘’el fills a lacuna in the Intermediate Bronze Age settlement pattern on the western foothills of Mt. Gilboa, at the south–central approach to the Jezreel Valley.

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Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 17–32), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah Jan 2025

Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave 900 In Naḥal Refa’Im, Jerusalem (Pp. 17–32), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah

'Atiqot

Burial Cave 900 in Naḥal Refa’im, Jerusalem, exposed two main burial phases: the early phase dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age and the later, to Middle Bronze Age II. The finds from the Intermediate Bronze Age layer included the bones of a single individual and several pottery vessels. Above this layer were two MB II burial levels: the early level included the remains of 12 individuals, attesting to a multiple burial, and the later level comprised seven burial groups, each representing the secondary burial of one individual and his personal items, as well as animal bones.

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Front Matter, Editorial Board Jan 2025

Front Matter, Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Ottoman Clay Tobacco Pipes And Nargile Heads From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 97–102), Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Ottoman Clay Tobacco Pipes And Nargile Heads From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Pp. 97–102), Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Clay tobacco pipes and nargile heads were unearthed in the flour mills in the Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko. They were most probably used by the workers of the mills. Based on previous researches and studies, the tobacco pipes and the nargile heads should be dated between the eighteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries CE.

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The Coins From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 159*–160*; English Summary, P. 119), Robert Kool Jan 2025

The Coins From The Flour Mills In The Ridwan Gardens, ‘Akko (Hebrew, Pp. 159*–160*; English Summary, P. 119), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

The excavations in the flour-mills compound yielded 15 coins. The earliest coin dates to the Byzantine period and the latest, to the first years of the State of Israel. Most of the coins date to the Ottoman period, pointing to the main period when the mills operated, in the first half of the nineteenth century CE.

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