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Articles 1 - 30 of 1842
Full-Text Articles in Nuclear Engineering
Prototyping Pinhole Collimators For Imaging Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Narrie Loftus, Ashish Avachat, Joseph T. Graham, Ryan Fronk, Jordan Fox, Rachel Shaffer, Seth Kilby
Prototyping Pinhole Collimators For Imaging Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Narrie Loftus, Ashish Avachat, Joseph T. Graham, Ryan Fronk, Jordan Fox, Rachel Shaffer, Seth Kilby
Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
Collimator design and fabrication is a costly and time-consuming process that does not lend itself to simplified testing. This manuscript presents an approach for the rapid prototyping of sub-millimeter pinhole collimators for nuclear fuel applications using low-melting-point, high-mass-density materials. Multiple collimators were fabricated to test collimator parameters and properties, including acceptance angle, aperture diameter, and magnification. The fabricated collimators were paired with a position-sensitive CdZnTe detector to determine the detector response convolved with the collimator. Preliminary analysis using these collimators showed that they were effective in collimating multi-energy gamma laboratory sources. Radiography was performed to confirm magnification and determine coarse …
Integrating Gis With Interim Payment Valuation In Road Construction Projects: A Conceptual Framework, Abdulrahman I. Iro, Juma M. Matindana, Julian Ijumulana
Integrating Gis With Interim Payment Valuation In Road Construction Projects: A Conceptual Framework, Abdulrahman I. Iro, Juma M. Matindana, Julian Ijumulana
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Abstract
Interim Payment Valuation is a critical process in road construction contract administration, yet conventional valuation practices remain heavily dependent on manual measurements, fragmented documentation, spreadsheets, and professional judgement. These limitations can affect measurement accuracy, transparency, traceability, and the timeliness of payment certification. Although Geographic Information Systems have increasingly been applied to construction planning, quantity measurement, progress monitoring, infrastructure management, and decision support, their integration with contractual and financial processes for interim payment valuation remains insufficiently explored. This study therefore develops a conceptual framework for integrating GIS with Interim Payment Valuation in road construction projects. A PRISMA-guided structured literature review …
Voltage-Related Power Quality Issues And Impacts On Distribution Networks With Sensitive Loads - A Review, Godwin Elinazi Mnkeni, Jackson Justo, Aviti Thadei Mushi, Bakari M. M. Mwinyiwiwa
Voltage-Related Power Quality Issues And Impacts On Distribution Networks With Sensitive Loads - A Review, Godwin Elinazi Mnkeni, Jackson Justo, Aviti Thadei Mushi, Bakari M. M. Mwinyiwiwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Voltage disturbances are the most important power quality (PQ) complications that customers and power utilities face in this smart era. The growing adoption of sophisticated electronic equipment and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into power grids has increased the susceptibility of power distribution networks (PDNs) to voltage sags, swells, interruptions, flicker, and voltage imbalance. These disturbances, mainly caused by upstream faults, switching operations, and RES integration, compromise voltage PQ and system reliability. Consequently, they accelerate equipment degradation, increase electronic waste (e-waste), raise reactive power demand and maintenance costs, increase power losses, and impose substantial economic losses on customers and …
Recent Advances In Bioethanol Production From Water Hyacinth: A Critical Review, Umuamina A. Matola, Mahir Mohammed Said, Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi, Abraham K. Temu
Recent Advances In Bioethanol Production From Water Hyacinth: A Critical Review, Umuamina A. Matola, Mahir Mohammed Said, Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi, Abraham K. Temu
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Water hyacinth (WH) is a highly invasive tropical aquatic weed with high holocellulose and low lignin content, making it a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. Producing bioethanol from WH offers a sustainable approach to simultaneously managing invasive biomass and producing renewable energy. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in bioethanol production from WH by examining pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation technologies reported between 2014 and 2024. A PRISMA-guided literature search was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and fifty-nine original research articles were selected for analysis. The reviewed studies were comparatively assessed based on pretreatment strategies, …
Notes For The Contributors, Space & Defense
The Global Chessboard: Strategic Deterrence In A New Era Of Great Power Competition, The 66th Annual Academy Assembly
The Global Chessboard: Strategic Deterrence In A New Era Of Great Power Competition, The 66th Annual Academy Assembly
Space and Defense
The 66th annual Academy Assembly brought together twenty-seven student delegates from civilian institutions and sister military service academies to discuss urgent issues in national affairs. This national student congress was held during March 3-5, 2026 and produced the following committee reports.
Critical Strategic Deterrence Questions For Today, Keith B. Payne
Critical Strategic Deterrence Questions For Today, Keith B. Payne
Space and Defense
r. Payne visited the U.S. Air Force Academy to offer keynote remarks at a national student congress, the 66th Academy Assembly, held during March 3-5,2026 and dedicated to the topic of the Global Chessboard: Strategic Deterrence in a New Era of Great Power Competition. Dr. Payne is co-founder of the National Institute for Public Policy, former Department Head at the Graduate School of Defense and Strategic Studies, Missouri State University, a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, and former Senior Advisor to the Office of the Secretary of Defense. He has authored or co-authored over 230 published articles and 50 …
Death Of Battlefield Hide-And-Seek, Lily Cheatham
Death Of Battlefield Hide-And-Seek, Lily Cheatham
Space and Defense
For the past twenty years, the stealth regime defined military thinking, prioritizing technologies and tactics designed to evade enemy defense systems. Ensuring radar invisibility and maintaining information dominance have been the keys to survival and strategic advantage. On June 21-22, 2025, the United States conducted "Operation Midnight Hammer" against Iranian nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. The principal strike package included seven B-2 Spirit stealth bombers, whose crews flew approximately 18 hours to reach the target area and roughly 36 hours and 13,000 miles round trip. The B-2s dropped 14 GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrators on Fordow and Natanz, marking …
The Baltic Bear Trap Wargame, Connor Crookham
The Baltic Bear Trap Wargame, Connor Crookham
Space and Defense
Modern military education increasingly relies on experiential tools that allow students to explore the complexity of contemporary conflict in ways that lectures and readings alone cannot achieve. Nowhere is this more evident than in the emerging emphasis on multi-domain operations, integrated deterrence, and the blurred boundaries between competition and armed conflict. The Baltic Bear Trap wargame was developed as a student design project to meet this instructional need, offering a structured environment in which players must think, plan, and act as operational-level decision makers confronting a deteriorating security situation in the Nordic–Baltic region. Built for use at the Swedish Defense …
A Cislunar Economic Forecast Under Public-Private Partnership, Naisha Chirag Naik
A Cislunar Economic Forecast Under Public-Private Partnership, Naisha Chirag Naik
Space and Defense
Cislunar space, spanning Earth’s orbit to the Moon, has emerged as a new frontier due to its strategic, scientific, and economic potential, with growing involvement from global powers, governments, and private entities diversifying the market. Unlike the first lunar space race, which saw a spike in activity amongst two countries followed by “silence,” the current cislunar era is hallmarked by a growing mix of public agencies, private companies, and international actors seeking to gain a foothold in what could be the foundation for a long-term space economy. While cislunar space was historically only an interest for superpowers, recent years have …
Autonomous Navigation In Cislunar Satellites, Heith Johnson
Autonomous Navigation In Cislunar Satellites, Heith Johnson
Space and Defense
Cislunar space—the region between Earth’s geosynchronous orbit (about 36,000 kilometers from Earth) and the Moon (roughly 384,000 kilometers away)—is becoming a critical frontier for future space exploration and commercialization.1 This zone includes the Moon’s orbit, transfer orbits, and the Earth-Moon Lagrange points. Additionally, as more nations and corporations launch lunar missions and establish long-term infrastructure, cislunar space is increasingly becoming a strategic focus for exploration, logistics, and transportation.
Planetary Defense As The Ethico-Legal Gateway For International Space Security, Evie Kendal
Planetary Defense As The Ethico-Legal Gateway For International Space Security, Evie Kendal
Space and Defense
Following the news in late 2024 that there was a city-killer asteroid on a possible collision course with Earth, many members of the public were shocked to learn there was no reliable global plan for managing such asteroidal and cometary impact hazards. While calculations of Asteroid 2024 YR4’s trajectory were further refined to exclude the previously reported 2-3% chance of collision in 2032, this event highlighted a major security threat: the lack of a globally coordinated, appropriately resourced, and politically supported planetary defense strategy (Gibney, 2025). In so doing, it also provided an opportunity for security experts to consider the …
Space-Based Missile Defense With Early Interceptor Launch Strategies, William Priedhorsky, James Wells
Space-Based Missile Defense With Early Interceptor Launch Strategies, William Priedhorsky, James Wells
Space and Defense
There is renewed interest in space-based boost-phase intercept (SBPI) for missile defense against ICBMs of near-peer adversaries. We discuss SBPI in the context of other missile defense approaches, and address one of its challenges, which is the expense of fielding a large enough constellation of interceptors in space to counter even a small number of ICBMs. We develop an early-launch approach that could substantively reduce the required density of interceptors. Because every second matters in boost-phase defense, early launch of interceptors can significantly increase the reach of each interceptor. Early launch would require interceptors that have highly throttleable motors. Our …
Golden Dome: Seeking Space Security, Namrata Goswami
Golden Dome: Seeking Space Security, Namrata Goswami
Space and Defense
The “Golden Dome” initiative [formerly Iron Dome] was announced by President Donald Trump on January 27, 2025, signifying a transformative shift in global space security policy. It fundamentally questions long-standing assumptions about deterrence, national vulnerability to missile attacks, and the role of space in strategic defense. More importantly, it emerges at a moment of acute strategic transition: the erosion of Cold War arms control frameworks, the rapid advancement of hypersonic and orbital delivery systems, and the growing integration of space into warfighting doctrines. Launched via a presidential memorandum in January 2025, Golden Dome calls for a layered missile defense system …
Space & Defense Vol. 17 No. 1 Editor's Note, Damon Coletta
Space & Defense Vol. 17 No. 1 Editor's Note, Damon Coletta
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Space & Defense Vol. 17 No. 1 Table Of Contents, Space & Defense
Space & Defense Vol. 17 No. 1 Table Of Contents, Space & Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Space & Defense Vol. 17 No. 1 Front Matter, Space & Defense
Space & Defense Vol. 17 No. 1 Front Matter, Space & Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Space & Defense Volume 17 Issue 1 Summer 2026 (Whole Issue), Space & Defense
Space & Defense Volume 17 Issue 1 Summer 2026 (Whole Issue), Space & Defense
Space and Defense
No abstract provided.
Radiological Safety Assessment Of Gamma Spectroscopy Based Spent Fuel Burnup Analysis At The Itu Triga Mark Ii Reactor, T. Akyurek, Z. Boduroglu, A. Kaya, O. Erbay, I. A. Reyhancan, M. S. Kiziltas, S. Ozcan
Radiological Safety Assessment Of Gamma Spectroscopy Based Spent Fuel Burnup Analysis At The Itu Triga Mark Ii Reactor, T. Akyurek, Z. Boduroglu, A. Kaya, O. Erbay, I. A. Reyhancan, M. S. Kiziltas, S. Ozcan
Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
This study investigates radiological safety and photon attenuation behavior during spent fuel inspection and burnup analysis at the ITU TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor. A lead-shielded fuel inspection system equipped with an HPGe detector was used to perform remote gamma spectroscopy on spent fuel elements, ensuring operator safety. Dose rate measurements were taken using a handheld radiation monitor at both the surface and at a distance of 1 m from the inspection system for each fuel element. The highest contact dose rate was observed for the B4 element (6.68 ± 0.60 μSv/h), while the lowest was for F30 (2.4 ± …
Assessment Of The Radionuclide Concentration Levels Of Water And Sediments Along The Mara River, Gasper Kachenge, Abubakary Salama, Abdalah Kileo, Furaha Chuma
Assessment Of The Radionuclide Concentration Levels Of Water And Sediments Along The Mara River, Gasper Kachenge, Abubakary Salama, Abdalah Kileo, Furaha Chuma
Tanzania Journal of Science
For many years, several factors have impacted the water quality of the Mara River, including population growth, agricultural expansion, livestock keeping, mining, and industrial activities. These factors have intensified water pollution and climate change effects around the river. While previous studies have mainly focused on assessing heavy metal pollution risks on the Mara River, this study evaluates the concentration levels of radionuclides in boreholes, water, and sediments along the river and its tributaries. Naturally occurring radioactive materials, including 226Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K, were evaluated. A high-purity germanium radiation detector (HPGe) with a coaxial detector system coupled with Gamma Vision software …
Design And Feasibility Study Of An Air-Cooled Reactor Cavity Cooling System For Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors, Alexandra D. Martinez
Design And Feasibility Study Of An Air-Cooled Reactor Cavity Cooling System For Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors, Alexandra D. Martinez
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
Licensing efforts for Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors (FHRs) are dependent on passive safety systems designed for decay heat removal, yet no prior study has evaluated an air-based Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) for this role. This thesis addresses that gap by determining whether an air-cooled RCCS can be designed to passively remove post-shutdown decay heat from the Mk 1 FHR. An RCCS configuration was developed and sized using a one-dimensional lumped-parameter design methodology, then evaluated through system-level thermal-hydraulic modeling in RELAP5-3D under a conservative, lower-bound post-shutdown transient. The analysis characterizes the radial heat-transfer pathways from the FHR core to the RCCS …
Investigating The Corrosion Behavior Of Stainless Steel 316 In Static Lead Lithium Eutectic Under Applied Stressed Conditions, Daniel E. Levario
Investigating The Corrosion Behavior Of Stainless Steel 316 In Static Lead Lithium Eutectic Under Applied Stressed Conditions, Daniel E. Levario
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
As fusion power moves closer to feasibility, identifying structural materials compatible with breeding blanket environments remains a critical challenge. Lead-lithium eutectic (LLE) is a leading candidate breeder and coolant material due to its low melting point and combined tritium breeding and neutron multiplication capability. However, the corrosive nature of LLE toward structural steels at elevated temperatures must be characterized before these systems can be reliably deployed. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of Type 316 stainless steel in static LLE under applied stress conditions at 550°C using C-ring stress corrosion specimens. Post exposure analysis via optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and …
Higher-Order Statistical Analysis Of Inter-Arrival Times For Radiation Detector Deadtime Characterization And Paralysis Factor Determination, Abdallah Wazzan, Shoaib Usman, Tayfun Akyurek
Higher-Order Statistical Analysis Of Inter-Arrival Times For Radiation Detector Deadtime Characterization And Paralysis Factor Determination, Abdallah Wazzan, Shoaib Usman, Tayfun Akyurek
Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
All real detectors exhibit hybrid behavior that combines both paralyzable and non-paralyzable which requires improved characterization techniques. This study investigates the relationship between detector deadtime parameters and higher-order statistical for inter-arrival time distributions to develop advanced detector characterization. Two comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation approaches were employed using MATLAB: a full radioactive decay curve analysis spanning approximately 4.5 half-lives of Cobalt-60 and Vanadium-52 sources, and a fixed count rate analysis covering practically achievable laboratory conditions (440 to 1,000,000 counts per second). The hybrid deadtime model was implemented with deadtimes ranging from 2.5 to 50 μs for the full simulation and from …
Validation Of Electromagnetic Shower Development In A Reduced Alice Focal-E Detector Model Using Geant4, Isaac Lara Romo
Validation Of Electromagnetic Shower Development In A Reduced Alice Focal-E Detector Model Using Geant4, Isaac Lara Romo
Physics
This project focuses on the preliminary simulation of a reduced FoCal-E detector model for the ALICE experiment at CERN. Beamline tests were simulated using an electron gun at various incident energies, and the results were compared with those of the FoCal group. The longitudinal charge deposition per sensor layer was compared between the two setups to verify that the reduced model exhibited expected calorimeter behavior. Additionally, the transverse signal across the high-granularity sensor layers was examined to determine whether the reduced model reproduced the expected lateral development of electromagnetic showers. The results obtained from these measurements show that the reduced …
Physics-Informed Machine Learning-Aided Framework For Entrainment Fraction In Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Annular Flow, Anadi Mondal, Subash L. Sharma
Physics-Informed Machine Learning-Aided Framework For Entrainment Fraction In Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Annular Flow, Anadi Mondal, Subash L. Sharma
Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works
The liquid film flow rate or droplet flow rate in annular flow is determined by a parameter known as the entrainment fraction. Conventional empirical correlations are commonly employed for predicting the entrainment fraction; however, their applicability is often restricted to specific operating conditions and working fluids. Recently, a few machine learning (ML) models have been developed to achieve better accuracy in entrainment fraction prediction. However, these models are completely data-driven, meaning they are good for prediction in the interpolated domain, but exhibit limited generalization capability in the extrapolated domain. To address this limitation, a physics-informed machine learning-aided framework (PIMLAF), combining …
Helium Effects In High Entropy Alloys For Fusion Reactor Plasma Facing Components, Shane Evans
Helium Effects In High Entropy Alloys For Fusion Reactor Plasma Facing Components, Shane Evans
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
The plasma facing materials (PFMs) within fusion reactors, such as the divertor, must be able to withstand high temperature (>1000 K) for extended durations of time, in addition to extreme flux from neutrons, helium (He) ash, and neutral species such as deuterium and tritium. These materials must withstand these conditions while maintaining their selected mechanical properties, minimal sputter yield, and low fuel retention. In recent years refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have been investigated due to their improved mechanical and irradiation-resistant properties when compared to pure W, the current material for PFMs. In this work RHEAs have undergone fusion …
Cfd Simulation Analyses Of The Blowdown Phase Of A Depressurized Loss Of Forced Cooling Accident In A Htgr, Keenan Kresl-Hotz
Cfd Simulation Analyses Of The Blowdown Phase Of A Depressurized Loss Of Forced Cooling Accident In A Htgr, Keenan Kresl-Hotz
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
This research numerically investigates the helium-air mixing in HTGR containment cavities during the blowdown phase of a simulated DLOFC accident. The results of the performed CFD simulation analyses, using the commercial code STAR-CCM+, are compared with reported measurements from an experiment conducted at CCNY. The analyses investigate the effects of the RANS and LES turbulence models, numerical mesh refinement, time-step size, and flow rate and temperature of the injected hot helium into the scaled reactor cavity. Calculated parameters analyzed include the pressure and spatial distributions of temperature and oxygen concentration in the simulated reactor and steam generator cavities. CFD oxygen …
In-Situ Measurement Of Dynamic Deuterium Retention In Tungsten-Based Alloys Under Plasma Exposure, Ethan Gabriel Rashap
In-Situ Measurement Of Dynamic Deuterium Retention In Tungsten-Based Alloys Under Plasma Exposure, Ethan Gabriel Rashap
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
Nuclear fusion is a promising pathway for sustainable energy production, but the performance of plasma-facing materials remains a key challenge for reactor operation. In particular, hydrogen isotope retention in tungsten—the leading candidate material for divertor components—affects tritium inventory, fuel recycling, and overall material lifetime. In this work, the temperature-dependent deuterium retention behavior of W–Ti and W–TiTa alloys was experimentally investigated under fusion-relevant ion irradiation conditions between 400 and 700 K. In-situ nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) was used to track retention during plasma exposure and subsequent cooldown, providing depth-resolved insight into deuterium accumulation and release. The results show that deuterium retention …
Development Of A Lead-Lithium Eutectic Magnetohydrodynamic Loop For Corrosion Studies, Xavier S. Angus
Development Of A Lead-Lithium Eutectic Magnetohydrodynamic Loop For Corrosion Studies, Xavier S. Angus
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
Lead–lithium eutectic (LLE) is a leading candidate coolant and tritium breeder for fusion reactor blankets due to its favorable heat transfer properties and high tritium breeding ratio. However, LLE is highly corrosive and, in the strong magnetic fields present in fusion reactors, experiences magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects that can produce significant pressure drops and flow instabilities. Understanding corrosion behavior in these extreme environments is essential for assessing the viability of LLE blanket systems. This work presents the design and construction of a forced-convection LLE corrosion loop to study corrosion behavior at temperatures up to 425 °C and flow velocities up to …
Design And Analysis Of An Intermediate Heat Exchanger And Passive Decay Heat Removal System For A Generic Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor Application, Bao Hoang Nguyen
Nuclear Engineering ETDs
Generation IV reactors, such as the Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR), feature efficient heat transfer and passive heat removal systems. However, accurately predicting thermal behavior under steady-state and transient conditions remains challenging. This work designs and evaluates a twisted tube heat exchanger (TTHX) serving as an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) and a reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS) serving as a passive decay heat removal system for a generic FHR (gFHR), integrating both systems into a system-level MELCOR model. The TTHX was first designed and assessed using a MATLAB-based framework, followed by detailed MELCOR simulations. The results demonstrate effective heat transfer …