Engineering Commons^™

Obscured Object Detection Via Bayesian Target Modeling Techniques, Rufus H. Cofer

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Underground objects are by nature often severely obscured although the general character of the intervening random media may be reasonably understood. The task of detecting these underground objects also implies that their exact location and or orientation is not known. To partially counter these difficulties, one may; however, be given a model of the target of interest, e.g. a particular tank type, a water pipe, etc. To set up a quality framework for solution of the above problem, this paper utilizes the paradigm of Bayesian decision theory that promises minimum error detection given that certain probability density functions can be …

Investigation Of Solution Space Of Trees And Dags For Realization Of Combinational Logic In At 6000 Series Fpgas, Philip Ho

Dissertations and Theses

Various tree and Directed Acyclic Graph structures have been used for representation and manipulation of switching functions. Among these structures the Binary Decision Diagrams have been the most widely used in logic synthesis. A BDD is a binary tree graph that represents the recursive execution of Shannon's expansion. A FDD is a directed function graph that represents the recursive execution of Reed Muller expansion.

A family of decision diagrams for representation of Boolean function is introduced in this thesis. This family of Kronecker Functional Decision Diagrams (KFDD) includes the Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD) and Functional Decision Diagrams (FDD) as subsets. …

Local Needs Implementation For All Programs, James G. Harris, Madeleine M. Johnson, Norm Rogers, Jay Waddell

Electrical Engineering

SYNTHESIS is one of four ex1sting NSF Engineering Education Coalitions (there are apparently plans to add two others this year to bring the total number to six). SYNTHESIS consists of eight universities: Cal Poly, Cornell. Hampton, Iowa State, Southern, Stanford, Tuskgekee, and UC-Berkeley. It has been supported by NSF for over three years, being one of the first two-the other being ECSEL. The other two existing coalitions are GATEVI/AY and SUCCEED. One 9f the main goals of the 'SYNTHESIS coalition is the development of the National Engineering Education Dehvery System (NEEDS). After giving a brief overv1ew of the NEEDS, we …

National Engineering Education Delivery System (Needs), Alice M. Agogino, Sheri Sheppard, Kate Mink, James G. Harris, Lawrence Genalo, Jaya Krishnagopalan, Dave Martin, John Saylor

Electrical Engineering

The Synthesis Coalition, supported by the National Science Foundation and industrial partners, is comprised of the following eight educational institutions: California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, Comell, Hampton, Iowa State, Southern, Stanford, and Tuskegee Universities, and the University of California at Berkeley (1].

The National Engineering Education Delivery System (NEEDS) is an entirely new courseware development and distribution system which will provide Widespread, rapid, electronic access to an almost arbitrarily large number of diverse instructional modules (2-4). Curricular material in the NEEDS database are organized by a diverse range of indices. Links across disciplines are provided in the …

Vertex Ordering For A Partitioning-Based Fitting Algorithm For An Epld Device, Tongjun Gao

Dissertations and Theses

As the Application-Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) technology develops to the trend of high density and modulization, the ASIC device market has been dominated gradually by the more complex Erasable Programmable Logic Devices (EPLDs) and the Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGAs) instead of the ordinally Programmable Logic Devices(PLDs). Meanwhile, the design automation system for such programmable devices has also moved from schematic entry design to high level hardware description language entry design. Usually, the whole design automation process consists of three phrases, the high level hardware description language compiler, the logic synthesis stage and the layout synthesis stage. Though the layout synthesis stage …

Sensitivity Improvement Of A 1-Μm Ladar System Incorporating An Active Optical Fiber Preamplifier, Michael S. Salisbury, Paul F. Mcmanamon, Bradley D. Duncan

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

In an effort to increase the SNR of a continuous wave, 1-μm all solid state ladar system, a rare-earth-doped optical fiber amplifier is investigated as a preamplifier for ladar return signals. The experimental system is detailed and a theoretical analysis of the fiber amplifier's effect on both heterodyne and direct detection schemes is provided. Beginning with the optical powers incident on the detector, the signal and noises are analyzed, through the detector electronics, to predict the SNR. The SNR is then plotted as a function of the return signal power, and a SNR threshold is defined to determine a minimum …

Periodic Pn Sequence Delay Estimation Using Phase Spectrum Data, Kurt Louis Kosbar, Jorge J. Zaninovich

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An algorithm for estimating the delay of a periodic pseudonoise (PN) sequence is presented. It is a rapid, block-based estimator that can be used for both linear and nonlinear codes. The algorithm exploits the periodicity of the difference between the phase spectra of the received sequence and a local reference. The estimator takes the Fourier transform of the phase spectrum difference data, and searches for the fundamental frequency. Unlike previously described methods, phase unwrapping is not required. The performance in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and a continuous wave (CW) jammer is investigated using computer simulation. Comparisons …

On Generalized Adaptive Neural Filter, Zhiqiang Zhang

Dissertations

Linear filters have historically been used in the past as the most useful tools for suppressing noise in signal processing. It has been shown that the optimal filter which minimizes the mean square error (MSE) between the filter output and the desired output is a linear filter provided that the noise is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, in most signal processing applications, the noise in the channel through which a signal is transmitted is not AWGN; it is not stationary, and it may have unknown characteristics.

To overcome the shortcomings of linear filters, nonlinear filters ranging from the median …

Design Of Mask For Striped Filters And Thin-Film Multi-Layer Emissivity Modeling For Multi-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometer, Jitesh Navinchandra Shah

Theses

Multi-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometry (M-WIP) measures thermal radiation of any target (color or gray) in multiple narrow-spectral-regions and can simultaneously determine target temperature and emissivity. One approach for measuring radiation at multiple wavelengths using a 320X244 element Pt-Si SBD infrared camera is to use narrow-band striped filters deposited on a transparent substrate with proper alignment. The major focus of this thesis was the design of a four layer mask for investigating the feasibility of defining three-wavelength striped filters compatible with focal plane array. This mask design allows twelve distinct narrow band striped filter geometries and four test-patterns on a 4-inch silicon …

Rigorous Te Solution To The Staircase Model Of The Dielectric Wedge Antenna, Wan-Yu Chen

Theses

The rigorous TE solution to the staircase model of the dielectric wedge antenna is presented. The fundamental, even TE surface wave mode of the dielectric slab waveguide is taken to excite a dielectric wedge which is formed by symmetrically tapering the slab. The method of solution is based on Marcuse's step-transition method. Radiation patterns of power gain are presented which show increased maximum power gains and narrower main lobe beamwidths for longer wedges. For higher dielectric constant material, the main lobe beamwidth is increased. In all cases examined, negligible sidelobes were obtained.

Radiation From A Tapered Dielectric Rod Antenna, Anil Prabhakar

Theses

The radiation fields from a cylindrical dielectric taper is studied. The numerical results of a theoretical model for a taper excited by the dominant HEn mode is compared with experimental measurements. A theoretical mode] for the next propa¬gating mode in the structure. the TE01 mode. is investigated and numerical results based on this proposed model are generated. The theoretical models are based upon the combination of the exact modal field solutions for a step profile cylindrical dielectric rod waveguide. local mode Hum-T. and the equivalence principle for the determination of equivalent current densities.

The far-zone radiation field is considered to …

Comparison Between Stimulated Emg And Natural Emg, Zak Belfki

Theses

The electromyograph (EMG) signal generated from a cat's jaw muscle in movement, is analyzed. After a series of experiments at UMDNJ, three major categories of EMG were recorded: rest EMG, biting EMG and hissing EMG.

The biting files contained a series of EMG collected in successive episodes. Power spectrum and statistical analysis were applied to the episodes. Each episode had approximately 43,000 samples. Results showed that these episodes had a similar spectrum with statistically the same mean and variance.

The hissing files were produced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus and contained EMG embedded in a stimulus artifact. The problem …

A High-Temperature Pressure Sensor Utilizing Linear Voltage Differential Transformer (Lvdt) And Silicon Wafer-To-Wafer Fusion Bonding Technologies, Robert Sylvester Okojie

Theses

A novel high-temperature pressure sensor was designed based on the principle of magnetic induction. The device is meant to correct the problems inherent in conventional Solid-State pressure transducers such as piezoresistive and capacitive at temperatures above 300°C. Prominent among these problems are increased leakage current, reduced absolute sensitivity, redistributed impurity concentration profile, and thermal mismatch.

This thesis combined the Biot Savart magnetostatic principle and the theory of deflecting clamped circular plates to obtain the microelectromechanical relationship. The problem of thermal mismatch was resolved by the symmetrical layering of a Si₃N₄/TaSi₂/Si₃N₄ sandwich, …

Magnetohydrodynamic Behavior Under Current Impulse Excitation, Shi Wu

Theses

The effects of magnetic field on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) channel flow between two parallel plates of infinite extent are investigated. The applied magnetic field is due to an infinite impulse current-carrying conductor located a small distance below the lower channel wall. Influence of the induced magnetic field, such that the magnetic Reynolds number (R_m) is less than unity but greater than zero, is included. The solution is obtained using the perturbation theory in the expansion of the field components in a double-power series in R_m and I. Calculations for the magneto-fluid components were carried out using personal computer. …

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Infrared Filters, Samiul Amin

Theses

In-situ temperature monitoring, mapping, and control have become significant in semiconductor processes. Temperature of these processes can be measured by making use of the thermal emission from substrates in the infrared region. Various methods have been proposed to provide multicolor infrared detection. One such method involves placing segmented infrared filters close to the focal plane. The present study aims at gaining an insight into the design, fabrication and characterization of infrared filters. Filters were designed and fabricated with peak transmission at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 m. Extensive spectroscopic studies, using FTIR spectroscopy, have been performed in the infrared region, on …

Traffic Management Of A Satellite Communication Network Using Stochastic Optimization, Ambalavanar Arulambalam

Theses

The performance of nonhierachial circuit switched networks at moderate load conditions is improved when alternate routes are made available. However, alternate routes introduce instability under heavy and overloaded conditions, and under these load conditions network performance is found to deteriorate. To alleviate this problem, a control mechanism is used where, a fraction of the capacity of each link is reserved for direct routed calls.

In this work, a traffic management scheme is developed to enhance the performance of a mesh-connected, circuit-switched satellite communication network. The network load is measured and the network is continually adapted by reconfiguring the map to …

A Parallel Processing Architecture For Dqdb Protocol Implementation, Nilesh Vinubhai Gandhi

Theses

The high bandwidth transmission links, which have been provided by the advances of Fiber Optics Technology, reduce drastically the packet transmission times and place new demands on the nodal protocol processing. Segmentation and reassembly of packets, computation of checksums, introduction of source and destination addresses, etc., must be performed extremely fast in order to prevent node processing from becoming the bottleneck of the transmission. Parallel processing enables the execution of the previous tasks on multiple packets simultaneously and therefore has the potential of addressing the issue of fast node processing successfully. In this thesis we focus on the Medium Access …

An Efficient Guaranteed Bandwidth And Balancing Mechanism For High Speed Mans, Venediktos Hadjisavvas

Theses

The Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) has become the IEEE 802.6 stan-dard for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). The main advantage of DQDB is that its throughput performance is not affected by the network parameters such as size, number of connected stations, or channel bandwidth. Its main drawback is that the location of the stations on the bus strongly affects their performance. For this reason a Bandwidth Balancing Mechanism (BBM_DQDB) has been proposed and included in the 802.6 standard that can provide the requested bandwidth by the lightly loaded stations and evenly distribute the remaining bandwidth among the overloaded stations. The …

Model Parameter Identification Of The Oscillatory Potential In The Electroretinogram, Sung Hoon Jang

Theses

A mathematical model of the oscillatory potential which may be a useful clinical tool to diagnose the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The model has been investigated by compressing from oscillatory potential into three parameters which contain most of the information for the oscillatory potential data.

About thirty subjects including both normal and diabetic subjects were investigated in this study. Comparing normal and diabetic subjects, we found amplitude parameter was most important factor to classify subjects by normal and diabetic.

Since modeling of the oscillatory potential and the estimation of the model parameters were our final goal, we haven't proposed to …

Object Oriented Design Of Petri Net Simulator, Himanshu Juneja

Theses

Petri nets are highly useful for modeling discrete event dynamic systems. The objective of this effort is to develop a tool for drawing, editing and simulating Petri nets using object oriented programming on a standard platform. The object oriented approach was chosen because of its code reuse and extendability features which simplify the task of adding features to the tool as the model evolves. The design stresses on modeling of the problem by objects which closely relate the system design with the implementation.

C++ is used for implementing the object oriented design, and the XView toolkit is used for building …

Simplification Of The Generalized Adaptive Neural Filter And Comparative Studies With Other Nonlinear Filters, Henry Steven Hanek

Theses

Recently, a new class of adaptive filters called Generalized Adaptive Neural Filters (GANFs) has emerged. They share many characteristics in common with stack filters, include all stack filters as a subset. The GANFs allow a very efficient hardware implementation once they are trained. However, there are some problems associated with GANFs. Three of these arc slow training speeds and the difficulty in choosing a filter structure and neural operator.

This thesis begins with a tutorial on filtering and traces the GANF development up through its origin -- the stack filter. After the GANF is covered in reasonable depth, its use …

Modeling Of Rapid Thermal Processing System By Finite Element Method, Helen Martynov

Theses

A finite element model for the Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) system at NJIT was developed based on the software package MSC/NASTRAN. Based on this model, a thermal analysis of the 9" chamber, 3 zones (37 lamps) RTP system was conducted for various modes of system operation with the 6" silicon wafer temperature varying from 300°K to 1100°K. An open-loop control algorithm was developed in order to study the dependence of wafer temperature on time, position, and applied radiant heat distribution. It was shown that the non-uniformity in the radial temperature profile can be less than 3°C during wafer heating at …

Investigation Of The Pl Cebus Performance With And Without Acknowledgment, Menghan Pan

Theses

The power line implementation of the consumer electronic bus (PL CEBUS) is a promising and inexpensive approach for home automation. Since the intro¬duction of the PL CEBUS standards, there has been increasing efforts on evaluating its performance. However, all the works have been performed for unacknowledged networks. This thesis presents the first successful evaluation of the PL CEBUS with acknowledment. Three different cases, namely, 600, 300 and 100 bits packet sizes, have been considered. The evaluation included the simulation of performance parameters such as message and packet delays, message throughput, and channel throughput. Acknowledged network performance has been confirmed to …

Linear Ccd Motion Detection System, Thekepat J. Sudesh

Theses

The mechanical response to electrical stimuli of the human membrane represents an important area of research in medicine. A linear sensing system was designed and fabricated to measure the displacements (along a specified direction) and the frequency response of a ear membrane, the Outer Hair Cell (OHC). The output of this system was a voltage proportional to the instantaneous position of the bimorph and could be displayed on an oscilloscope.

The system consisted of optics to project the image of the vibrating membrane onto a Linear CCD Camera and electronic analog and digital circuitry which produced an instantaneous voltage proportional …

Real Time Control Of A Dual Resonator System, Penghuai Shen

Theses

An experimental multi-resonator system has been developed to study modelling and robust control of such systems in a real-time environment. The plant to be controlled consists of a pair of interconnected resonators whose resonant frequency and plant structure are known. The control objectives are to provide closed loop stability and asymptotic regulation of the frequency, gain and phase of each of the resonators. Furthermore, it is desired to use a minimal controller configuration so as to reduce implementational complexity.

The theoretical results follow directly the paper " Decentralized Robust Control of Interconnected Resonators" written by my advisor Dr. Timothy N. …

Hardware Design For Jpeg And A Comparative Study Of Jpeg And Mpeg Image Compression Algorithms, Aravind Soundararajan

Theses

The complete PC-based hardware design along with the initialization and control software of the JPEG algorithm is presented in this thesis. The hardware could run in real-time to compress, decompress and display still frame images. LSI Logic JPEG chipset was used in the design. This is a dedicated chipset for the JPEG compression algorithm.

A simulation software was used for studying the performance of MPEG video compression algorithm. Various video test sequences were compressed through the codec simulation software and the resulting rate-distortion performance was calculated. These are compared with the performance of JPEG based image sequence compressor.

It is …

The Spirit Iii Radiometer Data Compression System, Scott E. Budge

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we describe the image data compressor designed and built for the SPIRIT III radiometer which will be used to provide a real-time "quick-look" capability for the instrument. A a brief description of elements of the radiometer design which determine the data compression requirements is given, followed by a description of the VQ-based hybrid data compression algorithm. Highlights of the hardware design are also discussed.

The performance of the compressor is presented. Tests made using data obtained during cold tests of the instrument indicate an RMS error of 6.26 counts for the 10:1 compression mode and 5.83 counts …

Simulation Of Switched Linear Networks, Dietmar Reinhard Skowronn

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis deals with the time-domain analysis of switched linear networks and investigates inherent problems which have to be considered when analyzing this class of networks. Computer simulation requires the use of numerical methods and we focus on the transmission -line modelling technique (TLM) and the numerical inverse Laplace transform. A general approach based on the one-graph modified nodal description is given which allows the formulation of circuit equations of a TLM-modelled circuit by inspection. The numerical equivalence of TLM and trapezoidal rule has been found and a proof is given. A variable step size simulator has been developed based …

Two-Dimensional Simulation Of Switch-On Speeds In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors, J. S. Huang, Cheng-Hsiao Wu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report accurate two-dimensional simulations of switch-on speeds in hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors. The trap charge density along, or transverse to, the direction of semiconductor channel is highly nonuniform and the trap filling time dominates the switching time as compared to the transit time, which is about four orders of magnitude smaller. Near both contacts, direction of the transverse current is always upwards toward the insulator-semiconductor interface due to the strong electric fields. However, at the central region of the channel, the transient current is quite complex and is discussed here. When the channel length varies from 2 to …

Acoustic Correlates Of Vowel Perception As Determined From Synthesis Experiments With Multi-Tone Stimuli, Zhongjiang Zhang

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

An essential requirement of speech signal processing is to extract information (features or parameters) from the speech signal which encode the information carried by the signal. The objective of this thesis work was to examine and evaluate two feature sets as acoustic correlates for vowel perception. They are formants and DCTCs. Formants are the frequencies of spectral peaks of the speech signal. DCTCs are the Discrete Cosine Transform Coefficients of the magnitude spectrum and are thus features which encode the global spectral shape of speech signal.

There are different opinions regarding which feature set is a more accurate representation for …