Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Educational Administration and Supervision Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Higher Education Administration (31800)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (12931)
- Higher Education (7852)
- Communication (7700)
- Arts and Humanities (6112)
-
- Educational Leadership (5347)
- Mass Communication (5152)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (4782)
- Sociology (4704)
- Journalism Studies (4544)
- Sports Studies (4235)
- Public Relations and Advertising (4050)
- Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration (4023)
- Curriculum and Instruction (3918)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (3464)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (3030)
- History (2932)
- African American Studies (2924)
- Social History (2280)
- Race and Ethnicity (2241)
- Business (2060)
- Educational Methods (1613)
- United States History (1572)
- Higher Education and Teaching (1564)
- Political Science (1496)
- Organizational Communication (1417)
- Social Influence and Political Communication (1402)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (1352)
- Institution
-
- Western Kentucky University (12333)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (3630)
- East Tennessee State University (2334)
- Marshall University (1910)
- Walden University (1602)
-
- University of Central Florida (1356)
- Illinois State University (1353)
- Georgia Southern University (1212)
- University of South Florida (1211)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (1061)
- Western Michigan University (964)
- Rollins College (871)
- Southwestern Oklahoma State University (666)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (661)
- Eastern Illinois University (570)
- University of Northern Iowa (531)
- Chapman University (524)
- University of New Mexico (506)
- Seton Hall University (457)
- Taylor University (456)
- Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan (443)
- Rowan University (423)
- Central Washington University (386)
- Indiana State University (356)
- Aga Khan University (350)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (345)
- Liberty University (321)
- University of Dayton (300)
- LSU Health New Orleans (296)
- Old Dominion University (295)
- Keyword
-
- Western Kentucky University (7783)
- African Americans (1824)
- Blacks (1792)
- Education (1764)
- Faculty (1693)
-
- Athletics (1633)
- Events (1518)
- Athletics (WKU) (1510)
- Alumni (1495)
- Staff (1375)
- Academic Senate (1148)
- Higher education (1140)
- Illinois State University (1105)
- Fraternities & Sororities (1091)
- Student Government Association (WKU) (1064)
- Leadership (661)
- College newsletter (601)
- University newsletter (601)
- Chapman University (460)
- Press release (460)
- Press releases (460)
- Student Organizations (392)
- Students (372)
- Faculty Senate (369)
- Student Government Association (354)
- Entertainment (350)
- Minutes (319)
- Professional development (303)
- Accreditation (295)
- Retention (290)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- WKU Administration Documents (6399)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (1564)
- Council of Academic Deans (1284)
- Student Government Association (1233)
- Academic Senate Minutes (1174)
-
- Dissertations (1085)
- Faculty Senate (956)
- Board of Regents Documents (947)
- To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development (919)
- Legislative Branch Publications (917)
- Theses and Dissertations (903)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (789)
- The College of Liberal Arts Faculty Minutes (776)
- Association for Communication Administration Bulletin (768)
- Faculty Senate: Index (713)
- Faculty Senate Agendas and Minutes (677)
- Masters Theses (647)
- Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council Online Archive (621)
- Guides to University Archives (612)
- Faculty Senate Minutes (581)
- Staff Council (504)
- Teacher Education, Educational Leadership & Policy ETDs (499)
- Chapman Press Releases 2003-2011 (460)
- Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs) (453)
- WMU Board of Trustees Meetings (393)
- Graduate School (346)
- Journal of the Association for Communication Administration (345)
- Staff Senate Agendas and Minutes (335)
- Honors in Practice Online Archive (318)
- 1971-1977, UMass Boston Bulletin (300)
- Publication Type
Articles 14191 - 14220 of 46517
Full-Text Articles in Educational Administration and Supervision
Faculty Senate Librarian's Report 2016 Combined, Georgia Southern
Faculty Senate Librarian's Report 2016 Combined, Georgia Southern
Faculty Senate: Librarian's Reports
No abstract provided.
2016-2017 Senate, Senate Committee, And University Committee Membershiip,, Georgia Southern University
2016-2017 Senate, Senate Committee, And University Committee Membershiip,, Georgia Southern University
Faculty Senate: Membership Lists
No abstract provided.
The Complex Dichotomies Of Student Affairs Practitioners' Perceived Competencies: A Quantitative Evaluation Of Self-Awareness, Jami K. Hall
The Complex Dichotomies Of Student Affairs Practitioners' Perceived Competencies: A Quantitative Evaluation Of Self-Awareness, Jami K. Hall
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
This study examines the perceived competencies and the perceived self-awareness of student affairs practitioners. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the two variables of competencies and self-awareness. The overarching research question for this study was: What is the relationship between self-awareness and perceived competencies for student affairs practitioners? This question was followed by two sub questions: To what degree, if any, does experience in the field as a student affairs practitioner predict one’s self-awareness of professional competencies? To what degree, if any, does job level/position in the field as a student affairs practitioner …
Remedial Education Programs And Student Success: Perceptions Of Faculty And Administrators At Hbcus, Tenora J. Simonez
Remedial Education Programs And Student Success: Perceptions Of Faculty And Administrators At Hbcus, Tenora J. Simonez
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine factors that contributed to student success in remedial education as perceived by faculty members and administrators at one public HBCU in the University System of Georgia. The five specific areas that contributed to student success and were identified for review were administrative factors, curricula and instructional models, academic support services, importance of placement tests, and the impact of financial issues. Each of these areas was represented in literature regarding the histories of remedial education programs and HBCUs, recent federal and state admissions and fiscal changes, and instructional best practices of remedial …
Student Motivation And Intent To Take Online Courses, Ashley W. Cullum
Student Motivation And Intent To Take Online Courses, Ashley W. Cullum
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
The Motivation Orientation Scale – Student Version (MO-SV) and Unified Theory of User Acceptance of Technology (UTAUT) were used to predict to what extent motivation orientation impacts student intent to take online courses, to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of students that drive them to take online courses, to examine the relationship between motivation to take online courses and motivation to take face-to-face courses, and to determine if demographic variables influence behavioral intent to take online courses. A sample of 394 full-time and part-time students at a large, public, research university with an integrated health center in the Southeast …
Charter School Governance: An Exploration Of Autonomy And Board Effectiveness, June A. Erskine
Charter School Governance: An Exploration Of Autonomy And Board Effectiveness, June A. Erskine
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Despite the increased numbers of charter schools each year, we understand very little about their governing boards. According to the Georgia Public Policy Foundation (2004) factors that correlate with charter school success such as accountability, public support, and institutional capacity to progress toward established goals are typically under the management of a charter school governing board. While there is no shortage of governance recommendations for charter schools, there are few empirically validated prescriptions. There are empirically validated characteristics of successful Non-Profit Organization (NPO) governing boards (Herman & Renz, 2008). The methodology for this research was designed to determine if governance …
Exploring The Connection Between Christian Colleges' Mission And Finance, Farrah Rachele Senn
Exploring The Connection Between Christian Colleges' Mission And Finance, Farrah Rachele Senn
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Two main issues currently threatening Christian colleges include mission conflict and financial viability, and research suggests that there is a relationship between these two. However, current literature about the relationship between mission and finance is mostly qualitative in nature, either being case studies or observations of practice. This research set out to establish the nature of the relationship between mission fidelity and financial health using quantitative methodology. A survey instrument was used to quantify mission fidelity for 81 colleges in the Coalition of Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU), a national organization of Christian colleges, using Benne’s (2001) Typology of Christian …
Deans Of Students’ Responsibilities In Campus Crisis Management, Patrice B. Jackson
Deans Of Students’ Responsibilities In Campus Crisis Management, Patrice B. Jackson
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this descriptive quantitative study was to discover the responsibilities of the dean of students in managing campus crisis. The literature clearly identifies the dean of students as a member of the crisis management team (Benjamin, 2014; Zdziarski, 2001, 2006, 2016). However, a gap in the literature exists concerning the specific responsibilities of the dean of students in responding to campus crisis.
The five phases of crisis management as defined by PPD-8 are Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery (US Department of Homeland Security, 2011). In signing PPD-8, President Obama mandated all state and federal organizations develop comprehensive …
Teacher Unions, The Right-To-Work And Fair Share Agreements, Charles J. Russo
Teacher Unions, The Right-To-Work And Fair Share Agreements, Charles J. Russo
Educational Leadership Faculty Publications
The status of collective bargaining in public education has been in an almost constant state of flux recently. More than 30 states have adopted laws that allow teachers and other public school employees to form unions to bargain collectively with their boards over the terms and conditions of their employment.
Amid debates over their status in public education, the Supreme Court has consistently upheld the right of unions to charge fair-share fees even as it limited their scope. Fair-share or agency fees are based on the premise that insofar as nonmembers benefit from union activities, they should have to pay …
Collective Leadership Practices That Assure High Levels Of Student Learning For All: High School Implementation Of Response To Intervention, Melissa E. Wainwright
Collective Leadership Practices That Assure High Levels Of Student Learning For All: High School Implementation Of Response To Intervention, Melissa E. Wainwright
Theses and Dissertations--Educational Leadership Studies
Twenty-first century schools are complex organizations that serve individual students’ needs while meeting accountability and assessment demands. Effective leadership balances these diverse responsibilities through collective work of the shareholders in order to assure high levels of learning for all.
This qualitative study examined Response to Intervention (RTI) implementation in two high performing high schools in Kentucky. Both schools were classified as distinguished on the 2014-15 Kentucky School Report Card. One school has a long-standing tradition of high performance. The other school’s journey to high performance involved moving from a Needs Improvement School to a School of Distinction.
The 4-D Appreciative …
A Meta-Analysis Of Research-Based Reading Interventions With English Language Learners, Maritza Torres
A Meta-Analysis Of Research-Based Reading Interventions With English Language Learners, Maritza Torres
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Response to Intervention (RTI) model, introduced as part of the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 2004, is a proactive process of early interventions and evidence-based instruction for all students. RTI has additional intensive and individualized interventions to prevent student underachievement, including students at risk for academic failure and culturally and linguistically diverse students (Vellutino et al., 1996; Donovan & Cross, 2002; Francis, Rivera, Lesaux, Kieffer, & Rivera, 2006; Fuchs & Fuchs, 2006; Vellutino, Scanlon, Small, & Fanuele, 2006; Al Otaiba et al., 2009). Klingner and Edwards (2006) suggest that the needs of culturally and linguistically …
Book Review: The Rhetoric Of Remediation: Negotiating Entitlement And Access To Higher Education, Chad T. Patton
Book Review: The Rhetoric Of Remediation: Negotiating Entitlement And Access To Higher Education, Chad T. Patton
Journal of College Access
For the past 140 years, remedial students have existed in one way or another. In her book The Rhetoric of Remediation: Negotiating Entitlement and Access to Higher Education, Stanley contends that the remedial student has been an important character in U. C. Berkeley's importance in the eyes of the state of California as well as other universities across the nation. Amid many recent political decision affecting higher education and access, Stanley's work is rooted in the history of the remedial student and what that student means to higher education and politics as a whole.
Response To Intervention Teachers' Perspective Of Tier 2 Intervention Fidelity, Doretha Meissner
Response To Intervention Teachers' Perspective Of Tier 2 Intervention Fidelity, Doretha Meissner
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In an urban Texas school district, teachers and administrators were concerned about students' achievement and the teachers' knowledge and implementation of Response to Intervention (RTI) Tier 2 interventions with fidelity. This study addressed teachers' perceptions of the reliability of the application of Tier 2 interventions at the study site, its influence on student achievement, and the appropriateness of current professional development at the targeted campus. The constructivist concept of how people learn and the implementation theory of scaffolding instruction, meaningful experiences, and active learning provided the framework for this study. The educators provided perspectives of how the quality and frequency …
The Relationship Between Community College Academic Advising And Time To Degree Completion, Brenda Wepfer Pongracz
The Relationship Between Community College Academic Advising And Time To Degree Completion, Brenda Wepfer Pongracz
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Increasing student on-time completion is a challenge for many higher education institutions. In the community college chosen for this study, only 5.2% of its first-time-in-college, full-time students graduated within 3 years with a 2-year degree. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between participation in the college's academic advising program and students' time-to-degree completion, based on the pre- and post-entry attributes outlined in Tinto's institutional departure theory. A non-experimental, correlational, quantitative research method with multiple regression analysis was applied, using a convenience sample of 190 graduating students from the institution's 2011 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) …
Successful Sustainability In A Catholic Secondary School, Diane Tucker
Successful Sustainability In A Catholic Secondary School, Diane Tucker
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The decreasing number of sustaining Catholic schools has limited diversity in educational options for families, affecting local district finances, reducing potential for academic competition among schools, and increasing crime and violence in in the areas where these schools have closed. In 2013-2014, 9 out of 22 Catholic secondary schools closed or merged in the Northeast region of the United States. However, some schools in the Northeast region have been thriving and sustaining their students and programs. Utilizing Fullan's systems thinking on sustainability as conceptual framework, a descriptive case study of a successful Catholic secondary school in the Northeast region was …
Case Study Of Stakeholders' Views On Retention And Self-Efficacy In Texas Nursing Programs, Durcilla Kay Williams
Case Study Of Stakeholders' Views On Retention And Self-Efficacy In Texas Nursing Programs, Durcilla Kay Williams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Retention of students through the completion of the nursing degree is a problem that exists at local Texas nursing programs, adding to the nursing shortage at local Texas hospitals. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to identify the best practices used by a local Texas college with graduation rates above the benchmark of 85% set by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. The study framework was based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and Tinto's theory of student retention. The research questions for the study focused on reasons the college maintained a high retention rate, best practices currently used, …
Relationship Between Internships And Employment Competencies Of Degreed Professionals Who Completed A College Internship, Shawn Barnwell
Relationship Between Internships And Employment Competencies Of Degreed Professionals Who Completed A College Internship, Shawn Barnwell
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
An estimated 1.5 million underemployed or unemployed college graduates have one or more college degrees, and many have high loan debt. Policy makers, students, and institutions of higher education are all concerned with the question of how prepared students are to enter the workforce upon graduation, yet little is known about whether internships are a strategy to improve career preparedness and gainful employment after graduation. Guided by Dewey and Kolb's experiential learning theory, the purpose of this nonexperimental study was to evaluate the impact of internships on career preparation from the perspective of graduates, specifically to evaluate whether graduates perceive …
Exploring An African American Principal's Cultural Leadership Effects On Closing The Achievement Gap, Doristine Cornelius
Exploring An African American Principal's Cultural Leadership Effects On Closing The Achievement Gap, Doristine Cornelius
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Closing the achievement gap is a key concern for educational leaders. Research has indicated that principals’ actions directly and indirectly influence student learning. The purpose of this case study was to explore cultural leadership in an urban Mississippi high school from an African American’s racialized perspective. The cultural competency/proficiency theory provided the conceptual framework for this study. Successful leadership practices of this African American principal were examined through the principal and through the perceptions of teachers and the assistant administrator. A researcher-developed questionnaire was content validated and given to a purposeful sample of 17 individuals: the principal, assistant principal, and …
Instructor's Employment-Level, Instructor-Efficacy, And Knowledge Of Effective Classroom Strategies For Emotional Disorders, Andrea Karen Haglin
Instructor's Employment-Level, Instructor-Efficacy, And Knowledge Of Effective Classroom Strategies For Emotional Disorders, Andrea Karen Haglin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Community college instructors are responsible for creating learning opportunities for all students, including adult students affected by emotional disorders (ED). Concerns in the literature have grown over how invested part-time instructors are in their teaching; however, limited data were available regarding instructor knowledge of ED, instructor-efficacy, and the impact of employment status. The purpose of this study was to address the gap in the literature and analyze relationships between instructor knowledge of ED strategies (as assessed by Teaching Students with Emotional Behavior Disorders scale) and instructors' efficacy beliefs (as assessed by the Ohio State Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale). It also evaluated …
Mentor Perspectives On Effective Mentoring For Beginning Elementary School Teachers, Betsy Holley Gross
Mentor Perspectives On Effective Mentoring For Beginning Elementary School Teachers, Betsy Holley Gross
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The attrition of beginning teachers is an ongoing problem for public schools as it impacts campus moral, results in economic losses, and maintains the number of newly-hired teachers. Although induction programs for beginning teachers have been found effective in reducing novice teacher attrition, funding for many induction programs have been eliminated due to budget constraints, leaving local school systems with limited support of the mentors and no consistency as to expectations or outcomes. Compounding this problem is that little research has examined what is most successful and supportive for mentors to be able to function most effectively. Guided by Knowles' …
A National Mixed Methods Research Study: Defining Reasonable Accommodations In Higher Education For Adult Students With Disabilities, Anita Schwartz
A National Mixed Methods Research Study: Defining Reasonable Accommodations In Higher Education For Adult Students With Disabilities, Anita Schwartz
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions that differ among university personnel and students with disabilities regarding the vagueness in the legal definition of the term reasonable accommodations. The theoretical framework that guided this study was the social model of disability. Using a sequential mixed-method design, the first strand surveyed 98 students and 93 personnel; then 10% of each group participated in an interview or focus group. The main research questions explored the different accommodations offered by university personnel versus those that were used by students and the different perceptions of the term reasonable accommodations in accordance …
Factors For Success In Community College Online Gateway Math, Lisa Marie Borzewski
Factors For Success In Community College Online Gateway Math, Lisa Marie Borzewski
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Researchers have found that student success rates in online classes are lower than in comparable face-to-face courses. Yet, the research is unclear as to whether student demographic and academic history variables are related to the lower success rates. At a large community college in Florida, low success rates for students in the online Intermediate Algebra course led to delays in the continuation of required coursework and graduation for many students and the factors associated with low success rates were largely unknown. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the associations between several student variables and student success in …
Traditional Suspension Practices And Nonpunitive Alternatives For Secondary Students With Disabilities, Karen Joyce Clifford
Traditional Suspension Practices And Nonpunitive Alternatives For Secondary Students With Disabilities, Karen Joyce Clifford
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Growing numbers of suspensions and expulsions of students with disabilities (SWDs) have prompted school districts to explore nonpunitive alternatives to traditional suspension practices. The study school district implemented nonpunitive alternatives to suspension for SWDs, specifically students classified as emotionally disturbed (ED). SWDs are being suspended at a higher rate than their general education peers for the same violation. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to examine differences in academic performance between students with emotional disabilities who received out of school suspensions and those who received nonpunitive consequences other than suspension for the same violation. To understand disruptive behavior, social …
District-Funded Common Core Collaboration Grants Used For Teacher Professional Development, Stephanie Pratt Gregson
District-Funded Common Core Collaboration Grants Used For Teacher Professional Development, Stephanie Pratt Gregson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
With the adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in English language arts and mathematics by the State of California in 2010, a shift in instructional practices along with the level of rigor and expectations for students began. As a result of these changes, a local school district sought a way through district-funded Common Core Collaboration Grants (CCCG) to provide professional development that supported 4th-6th grade teachers in their implementation of the CCSS. The purpose of this qualitative program evaluation case study was to examine teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of professional development funded by CCCG in supporting 4th-6th …
Educational Leadership Characteristics Of Rural High School Principals And Graduation Rates, Christopher Michael Groves
Educational Leadership Characteristics Of Rural High School Principals And Graduation Rates, Christopher Michael Groves
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
High school graduation rates and the leadership of principals are important measures of accountability within schools. Principal leadership has been investigated through qualitative and correlational studies in mostly urban areas. Limited research has focused on the educational leadership characteristics of the high school principals and graduation rates in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to identify, describe, and categorize the leadership characteristics of veteran and novice principals with respect to graduation rates in selected rural schools. Bolman and Deal's 4 frames of leadership informed this study and helped to create the broad leadership categories of interpersonal skills, leadership …
Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Department Nurses, Dionne Hutson Hendy
Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Department Nurses, Dionne Hutson Hendy
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Compassion fatigue (CF) is a problem seen within healthcare institutions worldwide, especially critical care units and emergency departments (EDs). The problem identified in this quality improvement (QI) project was CF, experienced by nurses in the ED. The effects of CF cross nurse-patient boundaries and negatively impact a patient's expectations of having a quality care experience. The Iowa model's evidence-based team approach was used to guide the development of the education initiative for nurses on recognizing, preventing, and identifying methods of coping with CF in the ED. The outcome products for the project included an extensive review of the literature, a …
A Quantitative Examination Of The Relationship Between Cultural Competence And Patient Satisfaction Scores, Kelley Ann Lovati
A Quantitative Examination Of The Relationship Between Cultural Competence And Patient Satisfaction Scores, Kelley Ann Lovati
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
As the U.S. population continues to diversify, hospitals need to understand and care for patients of diverse backgrounds and provide quality service for positive patient satisfaction scores. The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative retrospective survey design was to determine what relationship exists between cultural competence initiatives (CCI) and patient satisfaction scores as reported by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey in U.S. hospitals. The theoretical framework for this study was based upon CCI and patient satisfaction through the lens of service quality. The research questions were created to understand the relationship between CCI and …
Patterns Of One-Course Cohort Participation In Online Teacher Education Programs, Janeal Crane Smith
Patterns Of One-Course Cohort Participation In Online Teacher Education Programs, Janeal Crane Smith
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Online higher education is a field that can benefit significantly from further research on innovative pedagogical methods designed to support students and decrease attrition rates. One method shown to improve engagement and retention of students in online environments is to include interactive engagement. This case study explored the patterns of students' interactions and assessment performance in an introductory teacher education one-course cohort. The study used a conceptual framework incorporating Bandura's social learning theory and Siemens' theory of connectivism. The study assessed archival data, from Adobe Connect recordings and records of competency pass rates, on the interactions and patterns of behavior …
Evaluation Of A Goal Setting Intervention With Grades 3-5 Military Dependent Students Targeting Math Proficiency, Whitney Desantis
Evaluation Of A Goal Setting Intervention With Grades 3-5 Military Dependent Students Targeting Math Proficiency, Whitney Desantis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
As military dependent students relocate, they enroll in multiple schools throughout their K-12 experience. Frequent mobility can create gaps in achievement. The challenge in the local setting is meeting the needs of military dependent students scoring below grade level standards in math. The purpose of the formative evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of the Personalized Education Plan (PEP) program and propose refinements. The conceptual framework included goal setting, motivation, engagement, and self-regulation. The concurrent multi-methods study included a central research question on whether a PEP increased student math scores. Questions about student motivation, engagement, self-regulation, and goal setting followed. …