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Articles 1 - 30 of 118
Full-Text Articles in American Sign Language
Exploring Strategies For Modeling Sign Language Phonology, Lee Kezar, Riley Carlin, Tejas Srinivasan, Zed Sehyr, Naomi Caselli, Jesse Thomason
Exploring Strategies For Modeling Sign Language Phonology, Lee Kezar, Riley Carlin, Tejas Srinivasan, Zed Sehyr, Naomi Caselli, Jesse Thomason
Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research
Like speech, signs are composed of discrete, recombinable features called phonemes. Prior work shows that models which can recognize phonemes are better at sign recognition, motivating deeper exploration into strategies for modeling sign language phonemes. In this work, we learn graph convolution networks to recognize the sixteen phoneme “types” found in ASL-LEX 2.0. Specifically, we explore how learning strategies like multi-task and curriculum learning can leverage mutually useful information between phoneme types to facilitate better modeling of sign language phonemes. Results on the Sem-Lex Benchmark show that curriculum learning yields an average accuracy of 87% across all phoneme types, outperforming …
Working With Deaf Children In Healthcare Settings, Maria E. Lombardi
Working With Deaf Children In Healthcare Settings, Maria E. Lombardi
JADARA
Effective and efficient health care is greatly influenced by communication between patient and provider. Federal laws require the use of a sign language interpreter (SLI) or other appropriate accommodations to ensure effective communication within the health care system for deaf children. Specialized training and certifications are available for SLIs choosing to specialize in the health care field. The training is typically geared toward SLIs working with adults rather than children. In addition, very few studies focus on the use of SLIs for children within health care settings. SLIs bring unique perspectives to their respective settings when referencing one’s skill set. …
Asymmetric Event-Related Potential Priming Effects Between English Letters And American Sign Language Fingerspelling Fonts, Zed Sevcikova Sehyr, Katherine J. Midgley, Karen Emmory, Phillip J. Holcomb
Asymmetric Event-Related Potential Priming Effects Between English Letters And American Sign Language Fingerspelling Fonts, Zed Sevcikova Sehyr, Katherine J. Midgley, Karen Emmory, Phillip J. Holcomb
Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research
Letter recognition plays an important role in reading and follows different phases of processing, from early visual feature detection to the access of abstract letter representations. Deaf ASL–English bilinguals experience orthography in two forms: English letters and fingerspelling. However, the neurobiological nature of fingerspelling representations, and the relationship between the two orthographies, remains unexplored. We examined the temporal dynamics of single English letter and ASL fingerspelling font processing in an unmasked priming paradigm with centrally presented targets for 200 ms preceded by 100 ms primes. Event-related brain potentials were recorded while participants performed a probe detection task. Experiment 1 examined …
Improving Sign Recognition With Phonology, Lee Kezar, Jesse Thomason, Zed Sevcikova Sehyr
Improving Sign Recognition With Phonology, Lee Kezar, Jesse Thomason, Zed Sevcikova Sehyr
Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research
We use insights from research on American Sign Language (ASL) phonology to train models for isolated sign language recognition (ISLR), a step towards automatic sign language understanding. Our key insight is to explicitly recognize the role of phonology in sign production to achieve more accurate ISLR than existing work which does not consider sign language phonology. We train ISLR models that take in pose estimations of a signer producing a single sign to predict not only the sign but additionally its phonological characteristics, such as the handshape. These auxiliary predictions lead to a nearly 9% absolute gain in sign recognition …
The Success In Creating An International Perspective On Sign Language Policy, Beverly Buchanan
The Success In Creating An International Perspective On Sign Language Policy, Beverly Buchanan
Society for American Sign Language Journal
No abstract provided.
Are There Really Deaf People Who Are Languageless?, Kristin Snoddon
Are There Really Deaf People Who Are Languageless?, Kristin Snoddon
Society for American Sign Language Journal
No abstract provided.
Cultural Insights On The First School Building For Deaf Children In Belleville, Ontario, Canada, 1870-1922, Clifton F. Carbin, Dana J. Fano
Cultural Insights On The First School Building For Deaf Children In Belleville, Ontario, Canada, 1870-1922, Clifton F. Carbin, Dana J. Fano
Society for American Sign Language Journal
No abstract provided.
Gaining Insights Into Signed Music Through Performers, Pamela E. Witcher, Jody Cripps, Hodan Youssouf
Gaining Insights Into Signed Music Through Performers, Pamela E. Witcher, Jody Cripps, Hodan Youssouf
Society for American Sign Language Journal
Signed music is best described as an inter-performative art form that combines lyrical and non-lyrical musical performances and is deeply rooted in the culture of deaf people who communicate through signed language (J. H. Cripps & Lyonblum, 2017; J. H. Cripps et al., in press [a]). The key investigative component for this article includes outlining the experiences that three Canadian performers had about their signed music creativity during a plenary at the Partition/Ensemble 2020 Conference held by the Canadian Association for Theatre Research in Montreal, Quebec. The panelists responded to two questions that they developed for themselves: What inspired us …
Volume 5, Issue 2, Full Issue
Society for American Sign Language Journal
No abstract provided.
American Sign Language (Asl): Linguistically And Cognitively - Why Deaf People Should Learn Asl & Learn It Early, Helena Isabel Berczes
American Sign Language (Asl): Linguistically And Cognitively - Why Deaf People Should Learn Asl & Learn It Early, Helena Isabel Berczes
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis presents data supporting the value of including American Sign Language (ASL) in the education of Deaf people. Historically, Deaf education has not fully included or has excluded ASL in an effort to focus on English due to a belief that ASL hinders learning English. ASL must fit within the definition of language with unique linguistic features for its inclusion in language education. Plasticity of the brain lends itself to the ability for language processing networks to form based on language experience. Deaf people can fully access visual language versus auditory language. Therefore, acquiring ASL early in life, during …
Deaf Accessibility In The Christian Church, Madison Finley
Deaf Accessibility In The Christian Church, Madison Finley
Honors Projects
Around the globe, only two percent of Deaf people have had the opportunity to be introduced to the Gospel. Religious accessibility is limited for individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. This paper begins to investigate:
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How can Christian churches increase accessibility to religion, worship, and other programs for Deaf individuals?
My Honors Project activity is preparing research and materials for a physical guide booklet for Christian churches that do not currently offer any Deaf ministries or American Sign Language interpretation or that may be seeking to increase accessibility for Deaf individuals. The primary purpose of this project is to create …
Afterword: Some Thoughts From The Former School Superintendent, Paul S. Bartu
Afterword: Some Thoughts From The Former School Superintendent, Paul S. Bartu
Society for American Sign Language Journal
No abstract provided.
Wartime Emergency And The Education Of Deaf Children, 1941–1944, Clifton F. Carbin, Donna J. Fano
Wartime Emergency And The Education Of Deaf Children, 1941–1944, Clifton F. Carbin, Donna J. Fano
Society for American Sign Language Journal
According to historical accounts, three Canadian schools for deaf children temporarily vacated their premises during World War II (1939–1945). Under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, the Manitoba School for the Deaf in Winnipeg was the third wireless school site for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), from February 17, 1941, to December 31, 1944. In Vancouver, British Columbia, the RCAF took over the grounds of Jericho Hill School for the Deaf, which was in proximity to the RCAF Station Jericho Beach, from early 1942 to December 1945. And the Ontario School for the Deaf (OSD) in Belleville was home …
John Barrett Mcgann, Pioneer In Canadian Deaf Education, Clifton F. Carbin, Donna J. Fano
John Barrett Mcgann, Pioneer In Canadian Deaf Education, Clifton F. Carbin, Donna J. Fano
Society for American Sign Language Journal
This article1 is one of several sesquicentennial projects undertaken by staff of the OSD-SJW Archives to commemorate the 150th anniversary (1870–2020) of the Sir James Whitney School for the Deaf (SJW) in Belleville, Ontario. Initially known as the Ontario Institution for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb (OIDD), it opened on Thursday, October 20, 1870. This article includes a condensed history of the life of John Barrett McGann, an Irish-born immigrant to Canada in 1855, and his founding of schools for deaf children in Toronto (1858), Hamilton (1864), and Belleville (1870), taken from a forthcoming book by …
A Decade Of Hard Work And Success, 2010–2020, Clifton F. Carbin, Donna J. Fano
A Decade Of Hard Work And Success, 2010–2020, Clifton F. Carbin, Donna J. Fano
Society for American Sign Language Journal
This article1 is an account of the archives and museum at the Sir James Whitney School for the Deaf (SJW) in Belleville, Ontario, which has a long history dating back to 1870. The deaf community affectionately calls this school “Belleville” in American Sign Language after the city where it is located, and so references to the school in this article are also to “the Belleville school.” It is also important to understand that the Belleville school had different names over the years: The school was first called the Ontario Institution for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb …
Why Schools For Deaf Children Are A Good Thing..., Jody Cripps
Why Schools For Deaf Children Are A Good Thing..., Jody Cripps
Society for American Sign Language Journal
No abstract provided.
How Hearing Parents With Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing Children Construct Deafness Through Their Early Intervention Experience, Bettie T. Petersen
How Hearing Parents With Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing Children Construct Deafness Through Their Early Intervention Experience, Bettie T. Petersen
Language, Literacy, and Sociocultural Studies ETDs
This dissertation explores how hearing parents with deaf/hard of hearing children come to understand deafness. This mixed methods study used an online survey and multiple case studies (volunteers from survey). Participants were asked about early intervention experiences and beliefs about deafness. The survey had 74 respondents and five families participated in the interviews. Survey participants’ beliefs about deafness were primarily medical, focusing on the perceived barriers caused by deafness and the remediation of those barriers through spoken language options. A small number of respondents adopted a cultural perspective of deafness and focused on remediation of barriers through involvement in the …
Collaging As Embodied Method: The Use Of Collage In A Study Of American Sign Language (Asl) Interpreters' Experiences, Lucy E. Bailey, Taylor L. Woodall-Greene
Collaging As Embodied Method: The Use Of Collage In A Study Of American Sign Language (Asl) Interpreters' Experiences, Lucy E. Bailey, Taylor L. Woodall-Greene
The Qualitative Report
This methodological essay describes the generativity of collaborative collaging in a qualitative inquiry project with American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters who serve D/deaf students within a public university. Sign language interpreting is a demanding profession requiring physical endurance, creativity, and quick mental processing to switch between spoken and sign language. Interpreters’ visual communicative culture aligns conceptually with the embodied arts-based, visual, and tactile research technique of collaging. We first introduce collaging scholarship to ground our discussion of using collaging as a method within this case study of ASL interpreters. We then provide an overview of ASL interpreter research and our …
Lived Experiences Of Mixed-Race Children Of Deaf Adults, Marissa Rivera
Lived Experiences Of Mixed-Race Children Of Deaf Adults, Marissa Rivera
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative exploratory study was to examine the impact of Deaf culture upbringing on mixed-race children raised in the United States. The data was obtained through virtual semi structured focus groups with ten mixed-race children of Deaf adults (Codas) over the age of eighteen years old, and an anonymous survey with the phenomenological analysis of participants’ experiences growing up as a mixed-race child of a Deaf adult. Growing up mixed-race as a Coda revealed four overarching themes of lived experiences such as: intersectionality of a mixed-race Coda, parental culture transmission, hearing family members, and managing intersecting …
Goodnight Gorilla: How Do Second Language Learners’ American Sign Language Narrative Renditions Change After Viewing An Asl Model?, Jennifer Beal Dr., Jessica Scott, Terynce Butts
Goodnight Gorilla: How Do Second Language Learners’ American Sign Language Narrative Renditions Change After Viewing An Asl Model?, Jennifer Beal Dr., Jessica Scott, Terynce Butts
Journal of Interpretation
We investigated the effects of a single viewing of an American Sign Language (ASL) model on university second language learners’ ASL narrative renditions. Spoken English was the first language of all participants and they had varied lengths of signing experience, ranging from 1 to 26 years. Participants completed a receptive measure of ASL. Then they rendered a wordless picture book in ASL. Afterwards, they watched a native-signing adult model of the story in ASL, and then told the story again. We investigated their inclusion of specific details and how they expressed them, including their use of constructed action (CA), depicting …
Resiliency: Experiences Of African American/Black Sign Language Interpreters., Jordan Satchell, Campbell Mcdermid, Lindsey Totten, Anna Yarborough
Resiliency: Experiences Of African American/Black Sign Language Interpreters., Jordan Satchell, Campbell Mcdermid, Lindsey Totten, Anna Yarborough
Journal of Interpretation
There is a growing body of literature on the experiences of African American/Black sign language interpreters (Carpenter, 2017; West Oyedele, 2015), but still many challenges faced by this community in the field. For example, many experience isolation in their interpreter education programs and later in the field, and they described the programs they attended as White-centric and oppressive (Carpenter, 2017; Cokey & Schafer, 2016; West Oyedele, 2015). To understand their experiences better, a qualitative study was conducted which involved interviewing ten African American/Black interpreters. The findings indicated many barriers in the field, including racism and discrimination in systems of networking. …
Exploring The Underlying Forces In Interpreter Education In The United States, Chris Mcgaha
Exploring The Underlying Forces In Interpreter Education In The United States, Chris Mcgaha
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
In interpreter education programs across the United States, future practitioners are shaped and molded by many factors during their education journey, some explicit and some implicit. Those factors can include the formal curriculum, faculty and staff diversity, and interactions with mentors and peers. The underlying forces or hidden curriculum that often goes unseen can impact a student’s educational journey positively or negatively. The impact can vary depending on certain demographic variables of the individual students. The data was analyzed using a system thinking framework and validated that there are underlying forces influencing interpreter student development. The following research briefly examined …
Adjusting To Change: Learning American Sign Language Online During A Global Pandemic, Kara Gournaris
Adjusting To Change: Learning American Sign Language Online During A Global Pandemic, Kara Gournaris
Northwest Journal of Teacher Education
Second language acquisition of American Sign Language (ASL) requires opportunities for engagement with native language models (Krashen, 1988). The shift to online instruction due to the impact of COVID-19 presented unique challenges for ASL programs across the United States. With little time to redesign courses, instructors and students had to navigate the experience of online learning together. The students who participated in this 2020 study at Western Oregon University (WOU) shared their raw experiences related to this transition, and unfortunately, one year later, many of the same barriers reported by students persist. The purpose of this article is to share …
Exploring Teaming Dynamics In Video Remote Interpreting, Jana R. Mauldin
Exploring Teaming Dynamics In Video Remote Interpreting, Jana R. Mauldin
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
Collaborative work is an integral part of providing a successful interpretation in certain situations, and the practice of working in Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) settings has left interpreters without their usual strategies or approaches available to work as a team. This research study utilized an online questionnaire to explore strategies employed and challenges faced by interpreters working together in VRI. A descriptive survey revealed that interpreters alter their approach to teaming, juggle a multitude of technological demands, and have created inventive ways of connecting or using technology to their advantage. Findings also indicate the need for increased training in VRI, …
Interpreting Beyond The Binary: An Exploration Into The Experience Of American Sign Language Interpreters Beyond And Between Female/Male Binaries, Tristen Evah Hellewell
Interpreting Beyond The Binary: An Exploration Into The Experience Of American Sign Language Interpreters Beyond And Between Female/Male Binaries, Tristen Evah Hellewell
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
This study explores the experience of sign language interpreters who exist between and beyond female/male gender binaries. Limited research in the field of sign language interpreting to date centers the experiences of transgender and non-binary interpreters, prompting the need for inquiry into this population. Through a mixed-methods approach using surveys (N=31), interviews (n=4) and a focus group (n=4) participants were asked to describe experiences with colleagues, interpreter users, hiring bodies and the general interpreting field. Three themes emerged from the findings including (a) collegial relationships indicating both lack of support and instances of collegial solidarity; (b) personhood of interpreters pertaining …
Error Occurrences And Types Between Certified And Non-Certified Interpreters, Ariel Baeseman
Error Occurrences And Types Between Certified And Non-Certified Interpreters, Ariel Baeseman
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
Much of the standard interpreting practice is dependent on an interpreter’s certification level. As a result, many interpreters find themselves at assignments for which they are not qualified. This study aimed to identify what differences in error rates - if any - were present between interpreting samples from certified and non-certified interpreters of similar experience levels. In a sample of ten interpreters with less than five years of professional interpreting experience, split evenly between certified and non-certified, each provided an unrehearsed interpretation of the same stimulus to be analyzed. The sample was rated against a rubric measuring knowledge-lean interpreting skills …
Tell Me How You Really Feel: A Qualitative Look At The Trepidation Felt By American Sign Language Interpreters When Voicing Taboo And Strong Language, Devon E. Wilson
Tell Me How You Really Feel: A Qualitative Look At The Trepidation Felt By American Sign Language Interpreters When Voicing Taboo And Strong Language, Devon E. Wilson
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
Interpreters are humans and, despite historical assumptions and beliefs, do not remain completely neutral when performing interpreting duties. At times, interpreters will feel emotions that surface as a reaction to source messages. These emotions can arise quickly with little warning, causing interpreters to navigate them in a matter of seconds and make decisions regarding how to best interpret the source message. This is especially true if the source message contains any form of taboo / strong language. Such messages may cause trepidation when voicing - working from American Sign Language into English - and word choices may affect the hearing …
The Presence Of Coping Education In American Sign Language Interpreter Education Programs As Perceived By Graduates, Anna N. Teitt
The Presence Of Coping Education In American Sign Language Interpreter Education Programs As Perceived By Graduates, Anna N. Teitt
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
This study investigated whether coping strategies were part of the curriculum in various American Sign Language interpreter education programs (ASL IEPs). The researcher conducted a national survey and ten interviews with participants to assess their current coping strategies, where they had been learned, and whether their IEPs had prepared them to cope with the possibility of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and vicarious trauma (VT). The researcher utilized literature regarding risks of STS and VT in several settings for interpreters to position the gap of literature regarding coping strategies interpreters use. This study focused on graduates of IEPs because IEPs provide …
Health, Human Rights, And Structural Violence: Identifying Barriers To Healthcare Access Of Deaf American Sign Language Users In Rhode Island, Christine A. West
Health, Human Rights, And Structural Violence: Identifying Barriers To Healthcare Access Of Deaf American Sign Language Users In Rhode Island, Christine A. West
Master of Arts in Interpreting Studies and Communication Equity Thesis or Action Research Project
Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users possess both human and legal rights to health. Yet, despite these rights, this linguistic minority group continues to experience challenges in accessing health care services. Using a structural violence framework, this study identifies the barriers to healthcare access of Deaf ASL users in one particular state - Rhode Island. More specifically, this study seeks to uncover the structural and social forces that constrain agency of Deaf ASL users in their attempts to access healthcare. Survey methodology is used to obtain both qualitative and quantitative data from 11 community stakeholder groups. Results show that Deaf …