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Full-Text Articles in Philosophy

"What's In A Name?”: The Use Of Instructional Design In Overcoming Terminology Barriers Associated With Dark Patterns, Andrea Curley, Damian Gordon, Dympna O'Sullivan Jan 2022

"What's In A Name?”: The Use Of Instructional Design In Overcoming Terminology Barriers Associated With Dark Patterns, Andrea Curley, Damian Gordon, Dympna O'Sullivan

Conference Papers

Many users experience a phenomena when they are shopping on-line where they feel they are being pressured to either spend more money than they had intended, or to share more personal data than they wanted. In academic circles we use the term “Dark Patterns” to describe these deceptive practices, and categorize them as being within the discipline of User Experience (Narayanan, 2020). As academics it is important to name phenomena, and to categorize them, so that we can discuss and analyze these issues. However, this particular topic is one that all users should be made aware of when interacting online, …

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A Rawlsian Critique Of The Political Speech Constraints On Charities, Johnny Rex Buckles Jan 2022

A Rawlsian Critique Of The Political Speech Constraints On Charities, Johnny Rex Buckles

FIU Law Review

This Essay analyzes whether the Rawlsian concept of public reason explains the substantive content of the lobbying limitation and the campaigning ban, and, more broadly, the implications of public reason for tax-exempt charities and their political speech. The question is notwhether public reasons—distinct premises and conclusions forming an argument—justify these provisions of law, but whether the political activity limitations of IRC § 501(c)(3) are properly understood to manifest or implement the ideal of public reason itself. Additionally, if these statutory constraints do not embody the ideal of public reason, do they offend it?

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The Dissonance Between Knowing Animals Are Sentient Beings Yet Eating Them, Yana Bender, Juliane Bräuer Jan 2022

The Dissonance Between Knowing Animals Are Sentient Beings Yet Eating Them, Yana Bender, Juliane Bräuer

Animal Sentience

Animal sentience is linked to the bigger picture of climate and health crises and “carnism” is a factor in the dissonance among (1) knowing animals are sentient, (2) caring about their feelings, and (3) not acting accordingly. We discuss our responsibility as researchers and as individual human beings.

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Legal Recognition Of Animal Sentience: The Case For Cautious Optimism, Jane Kotzmann Jan 2022

Legal Recognition Of Animal Sentience: The Case For Cautious Optimism, Jane Kotzmann

Animal Sentience

Rowan et al.’s target article provides a valuable indication of the work that was required to reach the point where animals are recognised as sentient in various laws. To ensure this work was not in vain, the language of sentience needs to be used as a moral currency to demand further cultural change involving greater human respect for animals.

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The Effects Of Authentic Leadership On Individual Occupational Well-Being, Tedd Allen Wheeler Jan 2022

The Effects Of Authentic Leadership On Individual Occupational Well-Being, Tedd Allen Wheeler

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Leaders play a critical role in an organization, and their presence and behavior significantly affect nonmanagement employee work performance, behavior, and well-being. Authentic leadership has a positive effect on an organization. The problem was nonmanagement employees spend so much time at work and desire meaningful experiences and relationships during the workday to counter feelings of uncertainty and a lack of job satisfaction. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to identify and report the lived experiences of nonmanagerial employees of the architect, engineer, and construction (AEC) industry located in the Northeastern United States about work-related well-being defined as people’s …

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A Qualitative Examination Of Single-Parent Matriarchal Homes’ Influence On Gang Membership, Darryl Edwards Jan 2022

A Qualitative Examination Of Single-Parent Matriarchal Homes’ Influence On Gang Membership, Darryl Edwards

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is a problem in the city of Chicago. Gangs are responsible for a substantial percentage of violent crimes in most jurisdictions. This study examined how and to what extent single-parent matriarchal households influenced African American men between 18 and 25 to join gangs in Chicago. This study’s theoretical foundations were matriarchal theory and critical race theory. This qualitative study’s research design is heuristic phenomenology design. An in-depth interview method was employed using purposeful and snowball sampling of 20 participants; in-depth interviews were conducted using telephone technology. This study, which investigated the connection between being raised in a single-parent matriarchal …

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Strategies To Decrease Unethical Financial Management Behavior In Nonprofit Organizations, Cristi Michelle Hargrave Jan 2022

Strategies To Decrease Unethical Financial Management Behavior In Nonprofit Organizations, Cristi Michelle Hargrave

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unethical financial management leadership conduct in nonprofit organizations threatens organizational mission accomplishment. Leaders of nonprofit organizations who fail to decrease unethical financial management conduct can observe a lack of mission accomplishment in their organizations. Grounded in the stakeholder and agency theories, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies nonprofit leaders use to decrease unethical financial management conduct. Participants were three nonprofit leaders from organizations on the East Coast of the United States who implemented strategies to reduce unethical financial management conduct. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of nonprofit regulatory reporting documents. …

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Strategies To Prevent Occupational Fraud In The Financial Sector, Cecile Alicia N. Mccormack Jan 2022

Strategies To Prevent Occupational Fraud In The Financial Sector, Cecile Alicia N. Mccormack

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Financial business leaders who experience significant occupational fraud lose substantial profits. With a greater understanding of the antifraud strategies needed to protect profit margins, leaders may be able to improve the long-term sustainability of their firms. Grounded in the fraud diamond theory, the purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to explore strategies financial business managers use to prevent occupational fraud in Kingston, Jamaica. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and documents such as annual reports, training and development manuals, policy and procedure manuals, and financial performance reports. The participants were four managers who worked in a Kingston-based financial organization …

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Emotional Intelligence And Self-Perceptions Of Counseling Competency In Counselors In Training, Ariel Katherine Hernandez Jan 2022

Emotional Intelligence And Self-Perceptions Of Counseling Competency In Counselors In Training, Ariel Katherine Hernandez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Counselor educators and regulatory boards continue to develop criteria to prepare counselors in training (CITs) for clinical practice. Despite the significant support they receive within the counseling course curriculum, some students lack the necessary counseling competency to succeed in the field experience component of their training. Emotional intelligence (EI) may be relevant in the ability of CITs to manage their emotions and relationships in personal, professional, and academic settings, but there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the relationship between EI and counseling competence. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the relationship between EI and self-perception …

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Factors That Influence Seeking Prostate Cancer Preventive Care In African Immigrants, Millicent N. Seilenga Jan 2022

Factors That Influence Seeking Prostate Cancer Preventive Care In African Immigrants, Millicent N. Seilenga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractProstate cancer is a major public health problem, being the second leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. men, but mortality can be prevented with the use of early detection strategies. African American men are more than twice as likely to die of prostate cancer as compared to Hispanic and White men. African immigrant men as compared to African American men born in the United States have higher mortality rates of prostate cancer due to not seeking preventive care. However, little is known about the factors that prevent African immigrant men living in the United States from seeking prostate cancer …

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Ethical Leadership Effects On Medical Laboratory Personnel Accountability Behaviors, Claude-Marthe Daverdine Cherizard Jan 2022

Ethical Leadership Effects On Medical Laboratory Personnel Accountability Behaviors, Claude-Marthe Daverdine Cherizard

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ethical scandals have continued to generate disturbances in the corporate world and have encouraged ethics studies in organizations. Research has shown there is a relationship between ethical leadership and employee accountability in a variety of organizational settings, including healthcare. However, in medical laboratories that relationship has not been explored. A quantitative study was conducted to examine if medical laboratory employee perceptions of manager ethical leadership was associated with their own accountability behavior. A total of 69 participants responded online to three instruments to measure the study variables: ethical leadership was assessed by the Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire, employee accountability …

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Lived Experiences Of African American Women Climbing The Corporate Ladder For Executive Positions In Healthcare Administration, Oriaku Hampton Sowell Jan 2022

Lived Experiences Of African American Women Climbing The Corporate Ladder For Executive Positions In Healthcare Administration, Oriaku Hampton Sowell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The need for strong African American leadership and increased diversity remains a significant challenge in healthcare. While the issue of women in executive healthcare leadership has gained awareness, they remain underrepresented in the industry. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study collected data from 12 participants through semistructured in-depth interviews. In this study, the experiences and perceptions of African American women regarding the limited number of women being promoted to executive roles were examined. The glass ceiling and critical race theories were the theoretical foundation used to cultivate a voice for African American women who aspire to healthcare executive roles. However, findings …

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Practical Reasons, Theoretical Reasons, And Permissive And Prohibitive Balancing, John Brunero Jan 2022

Practical Reasons, Theoretical Reasons, And Permissive And Prohibitive Balancing, John Brunero

Department of Philosophy: Faculty Publications

Philosophers have often noted a contrast between practical and theoretical reasons when it comes to cases involving equally balanced reasons. When there are strong practical reasons for A-ing, and equally strong practical reasons for some incompatible option, B-ing, the agent is permitted to make an arbitrary choice between them, having sufficient reason to A and sufficient reason to B. But when there is strong evidence for P and equally strong evidence for ~P, one isn’t permitted to simply believe one or the other. Instead, one must withhold belief, neither believing that P nor believing that ~P. This paper examines what …

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Impossible Worlds And The Safety Of Philosophical Beliefs, Zack Garrett, Zachariah Wrublewski Jan 2022

Impossible Worlds And The Safety Of Philosophical Beliefs, Zack Garrett, Zachariah Wrublewski

Department of Philosophy: Faculty Publications

Epistemological accounts that make use of a safety condition on knowledge, historically, face serious problems regarding beliefs that are necessarily true. This is because necessary truths are true in all possible worlds, and so such beliefs can be safe even when the bases for the beliefs are epistemically problematic. The existence of such problematically safe beliefs would undermine a major motivation for the condition itself: the ability to evaluate how well a belief tracks the truth. This paper argues that incorporating impossible worlds into the evaluation of beliefs solves this problem, but only if the relevant account of impossible worlds …

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The Pathology And Etiology Of Philosophy, Lydia Tucke Jan 2022

The Pathology And Etiology Of Philosophy, Lydia Tucke

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

While much time is spent theorizing about philosophical concepts and theories, little thought has been given to the philosophy and psychology of philosophy itself. I argue that philosophy (or the act of philosophizing) should be considered a form of anxiety. I will examine whether or not philosophy should be evaluated as a mental disorder as well. Finally, I will explore the ways in which one can cope with the anxiety seen in philosophizing.

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Re-Storying Grant Creek: A Case Study Of Relational Dynamics On A Degraded Montana Stream, Seamus Rucci Land Jan 2022

Re-Storying Grant Creek: A Case Study Of Relational Dynamics On A Degraded Montana Stream, Seamus Rucci Land

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration began in 2021, and after a history of contentious ethical debates, ecological restoration is increasingly portrayed as a viable framework for combating environmental degradation and supporting more healthy and stable social-ecological systems. The proposed ecological restoration of Grant Creek, a degraded stream near Missoula, Montana, offers an opportunity to connect a restoration site to the broader, rapidly growing field of restoration practice. It also allows the opportunity to forward the ‘relational turn’ proposed by many in the sustainability sciences as an ontological and methodological means to move beyond positivist portrayals of social-ecological systems, which …

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Wilderness As An Aesthetic Concept, Nathan A. Pagel Jan 2022

Wilderness As An Aesthetic Concept, Nathan A. Pagel

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In this paper I argue that many of the philosophical problems with the concept of wilderness can be mitigated by thinking of wilderness as an aesthetic concept rather than as a real feature of the world or a special metaphysical category. In Section 1, I respond to arguments for wilderness no longer being extant in the world as well as being conceptually contradictory by examining the ways in which people continue to experience wilderness in spite of these challenges. To resolve this tension, I offer an account of wilderness as an aesthetic concept, that is, as something that cannot be …

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Toward A Dialectical Account Of Nature, Georgia Rae Grimm Jan 2022

Toward A Dialectical Account Of Nature, Georgia Rae Grimm

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The protection of nature has been a central aim of environmentalism for well over a century. However, the concept of nature has been subjected to abundant critiques in recent literature, threatening the conceptual tenability of this goal. In this paper, I discuss why I find the concept of nature too valuable to dismiss and offer an account of nature that I believe remedies existent critiques. In Chapter 1, I recount arguments for the protection of nature and illustrate their dualistic underpinnings. In Chapter 2, I discuss issues with dualistic accounts of nature and demonstrate why Steven Vogel’s monistic alternative is …

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Traversing Paradigms: An Environmental Journey To Body And Mind, Martin Ceja Mejia Jan 2022

Traversing Paradigms: An Environmental Journey To Body And Mind, Martin Ceja Mejia

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Traumatic life experiences altered the way I perceive the world. As a result, I embark on a journey to reshape my relationship to self, the built and natural world; to environment. In this thesis I ask: How do I want to relate to the environment? Considering I am a doubly colonized agent, I also aim to decolonize my relationship to environment along the process. Therefore, this work aims to formulate a new, personal, relationship to environment through academic literature, history, psychology, Indigenous knowledge and science, and literary studies, among other fields of knowledge. This work is interdisciplinary in nature; life …

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The Birds, The Bees, The Trees, And The Breeze: Expanding The Moral Universe Throught Rsk Anlysis, Jared Gibbs Jan 2022

The Birds, The Bees, The Trees, And The Breeze: Expanding The Moral Universe Throught Rsk Anlysis, Jared Gibbs

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

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The Existential Challenges Of Cyberspace, Sean Cleary Jan 2022

The Existential Challenges Of Cyberspace, Sean Cleary

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Cyberspace is an emergent environment that has come to facilitate a growing range of human activity. Here, information is tightly woven, freed of unnecessary context and always within reach. This thesis explores the existential challenges that arise from increased engagement in this space and offers solutions informed by Henry Thoreau and Søren Kierkegaard. Section One offers an ontological account of cyberspace and describes its relationship to what I call the lifeworld. Section Two further examines the relationship drawn out in Section One, introduces the challenge of foreground saturation and appeals to Thoreau for solutions. Section Three introduces the concept of …

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The Use Of Personal Digital Archiving For Effective Learning During Pandemic Covid-19, Naufal Ahmad Rijalul Alam Jan 2022

The Use Of Personal Digital Archiving For Effective Learning During Pandemic Covid-19, Naufal Ahmad Rijalul Alam

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The Covid 19 pandemic that ravaged the world, particularly Indonesia, had a negative impact on aspects of learning, particularly for children aged three to six years in early childhood education. The implementation of distance learning disrupted the face-to-face learning model, which was supposed to be the primary medium for increasing children's knowledge and interest. In this regard, the role of parents is critical in ensuring that learning at home is effective and enjoyable. This study explores the using personal digital archiving (PDA) conducted by parents for effective learning during pandemic covid-19. By using a case study, this qualitative research took …

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Motivated Science: What Humans Gain From Denying Animal Sentience, Uri Lifshin Jan 2022

Motivated Science: What Humans Gain From Denying Animal Sentience, Uri Lifshin

Animal Sentience

Resistance to the idea that non-human animals are sentient resembles erstwhile resistance to the theory that the earth is not the centre of the universe, or that humans evolved from “apes”. All these notions are psychologically threatening. They can remind people of their own creatureliness and mortality and might make them feel guilty or uncertain about their way of life. An honest debate over animal sentience, welfare and rights should consider the human motivation to deprive animals of these things in the first place. I briefly review empirical evidence on the psychological function of denying animal minds.

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Defending Human Difference By Raising The Bar, Joe Gough Jan 2022

Defending Human Difference By Raising The Bar, Joe Gough

Animal Sentience

Chapman & Huffman (C&H) offer a theory of why we humans want to believe that we are different: to justify our cruelty to animals. This commentary offers further supporting evidence of this and examines more closely what the claim that humans are ‘different’ amounts to. It also considers some methodological issues in animal psychology closely related to C&H ‘s theory. These problems result from a common strategy for defending hypotheses about human difference.

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Empowering Biosemiotics, Charles Lassiter Jan 2022

Empowering Biosemiotics, Charles Lassiter

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

One way to understand the basic semiotic relation is that a sign-vehicle signifies an object to an interpretant. Biosemioticians sometimes talk about this relationship in terms of “codes”. When thinking about this relationship in the context of language, a natural move is to conceptualize semiotic relationships among speakers, meanings, and utterances as codes: speakers encode messages in sentences, which are then decoded by an interpreter. This view of communication is inconsistent with core tenets of a distributed approach to language, which holds that language is an embodied and encultured activity taking place across multiple timescales. I argue that a neo-Aristotelian …

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Righting Health Policy: Bioethics, Political Philosophy, And The Normative Justification Of Health Law And Policy, D. Robert Macdougall Jan 2022

Righting Health Policy: Bioethics, Political Philosophy, And The Normative Justification Of Health Law And Policy, D. Robert Macdougall

Publications and Research

In Righting Health Policy, D. Robert MacDougall argues that bioethics needs but does not have adequate tools for justifying law and policy. Bioethics’ tools are mostly theories about what we owe each other. But justifying laws and policies requires more; at a minimum, it requires tools for explaining the legitimacy of actions intended to control or influence others. It consequently requires political, rather than moral, philosophy. After showing how bioethicists have consistently failed to use tools suitable for achieving their political aims, MacDougall develops an interpretation of Kant’s political philosophy. On this account the legitimacy of health laws does …

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Table Of Contents—Masthead Jan 2022

Table Of Contents—Masthead

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

N/A

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In This Issue Of Ijts, Glenn Hartelius Jan 2022

In This Issue Of Ijts, Glenn Hartelius

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

N/A

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What Is Transpersonal Psychology? A Concise Definition Based On 20 Years Of Research, Glenn Hartelius Jan 2022

What Is Transpersonal Psychology? A Concise Definition Based On 20 Years Of Research, Glenn Hartelius

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

Research on definitions of the field of psychology and themes in the literature of the field over a period of 20 years inform this description: Transpersonal psychology is a transformative psychology of the whole person embedded within a diverse, interconnected, and evolving world that pays particular attention to states of consciousness and developmental models reflecting expansion beyond conventional notions of self. Each element of this definition is examined, as well as the four phases of definitional development within the field from its founding in 1968 up to the present.

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Life Before Birth: A Thematic Analysis Of Memories Of Coming Into Life Part 1: Recollections Of Another Realm, Jenny Wade Jan 2022

Life Before Birth: A Thematic Analysis Of Memories Of Coming Into Life Part 1: Recollections Of Another Realm, Jenny Wade

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

Autobiographic memories prior to birth remain controversial in psychology because such memories are traditionally believed to begin much later when some sense of self is formed. Prenatal sentience, including fetal learning, occurs in species from arthropods to humans, and evidence for autobiographic memories from pre- and neo-natal humans has typically come from clinical case histories of altered-state regression techniques eliciting records from adults or clinical case histories of children in normal states. This thematic analysis examined 68 “earliest memory” narratives submitted to an independent website to explore the question: what do people who claim to remember how they came into …

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