Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (5097)
- Ethics and Political Philosophy (3968)
- Religion (3172)
- History (2950)
- Aesthetics (2665)
-
- Education (2132)
- Psychology (1917)
- Art and Design (1690)
- History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (1625)
- Creative Writing (1561)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (1486)
- History of Philosophy (1358)
- Philosophy of Mind (1230)
- English Language and Literature (1197)
- Theatre and Performance Studies (1181)
- Music (1150)
- Political Science (1143)
- Architecture (1103)
- Law (1079)
- Comparative Literature (1061)
- Other Philosophy (1056)
- Applied Ethics (1016)
- Sociology (1010)
- Art Education (999)
- Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion (999)
- Life Sciences (910)
- Epistemology (889)
- Philosophy of Science (886)
- Institution
-
- Rhode Island School of Design (1547)
- Marquette University (1393)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (942)
- Brigham Young University (836)
- California Institute of Integral Studies (701)
-
- WellBeing International (648)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (629)
- Binghamton University (529)
- Universitas Indonesia (508)
- Louisiana State University (506)
- Loyola University Chicago (424)
- Indiana State University (421)
- San Jose State University (371)
- Taylor University (340)
- Claremont Colleges (333)
- Liberty University (333)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (319)
- Montclair State University (298)
- University of Dayton (294)
- University of Richmond (291)
- Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School (252)
- Singapore Management University (237)
- Fordham University (235)
- Old Dominion University (227)
- Swarthmore College (225)
- Pittsburg State University (218)
- Denison University (212)
- Western University (212)
- Chapman University (194)
- Portland State University (185)
- Keyword
-
- Philosophy (1012)
- Art school (901)
- RISD (901)
- Art college (900)
- Student newspapers (796)
-
- Ethics (682)
- Student Life (582)
- Campus Events (555)
- Student Creative Work (554)
- Student Organizations (465)
- Exhibitions (Museum/Faculty/Student) (433)
- Curriculum and Academic Department News (383)
- Book review (336)
- Community Engagement (318)
- Comics (258)
- Visiting Artists/Speakers (258)
- Student publications (249)
- Phenomenology (232)
- Governance and RISD Administration (225)
- Music (Performances/Criticism) (222)
- Aesthetics (220)
- Epistemology (217)
- Education (216)
- Sports Teams (216)
- Morality (185)
- Metaphysics (176)
- Philosophy for children (170)
- Politics (US and World) (169)
- Aristotle (166)
- Consciousness (161)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- All Student Newspapers (901)
- Between the Species (896)
- Quidditas (802)
- The Linacre Quarterly (616)
- Animal Sentience (602)
-
- Philosophy Faculty Publications (601)
- International Journal of Transpersonal Studies (588)
- Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive) (577)
- Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications (535)
- The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter (473)
- 1650-1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era (433)
- Philosophy Faculty Works (423)
- All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (421)
- Comparative Philosophy (318)
- Inklings Forever: Published Colloquium Proceedings 1997-2016 (302)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (301)
- Master's Theses (236)
- International Dialogue (222)
- Publications and Research (215)
- Episteme (211)
- Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya (205)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (202)
- Research Collection School of Social Sciences (190)
- Philosophy (181)
- Bachelors’ Theses (174)
- International Bulletin of Political Psychology (168)
- Theses and Dissertations (168)
- Multikultura (162)
- Philosophy Faculty Scholarship (162)
- The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought (162)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 3751 - 3780 of 22337
Full-Text Articles in Philosophy
Life Before Birth: A Thematic Analysis Of Memories Of Coming Into Life Part 2: Recollections Of Fetal Life And Birth, Jenny Wade
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
This article examines a second set of data produced in a thematic analysis of 68 “earliest memory” narratives submitted to an independent website to explore the question: what do people who claim to remember how they came into the world say about their experience prior to and including birth? Part 1 examined the first and largest subset of the data, narratives of an otherworldly existence consistent with Western reincarnation intermission stage 2 experiences, near-death experience accounts and mythic traditions. This article thematically analyzes descriptions of life in the womb, birth, and apparently veridical out-of-body and other paranormal impressions of events …
Unexpected Side Effects: A Cautionary Note On Challenges Of Persistent Self-Transcendence, Elizabeth D. Stephens, Harris L. Friedman
Unexpected Side Effects: A Cautionary Note On Challenges Of Persistent Self-Transcendence, Elizabeth D. Stephens, Harris L. Friedman
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
Self-transcendence is an ambiguous construct without consensual meaning, yet many claim that it relates to, or even causes, beneficial outcomes. Few discuss its potential deleterious side effects, choosing to focus primarily on positive effects. However, anything with sufficient potency to heal may have unintended side effects, especially when it leads beyond a transitory state to becoming an enduring trait, such as when self-transcendence (ST) becomes persistent self-transcendence (PST). With PST, evidence is overviewed here, along with two illustrative case reports, that people can suffer emotional difficulties, motivation changes, loss of self-reflexivity, anhedonia, dissociation, depersonalization, memory problems, and other psychological concerns. …
How Perception Meets Hermeneutics: An Empirical Investigation Of Tasseography, Elizabeth Avetisian
How Perception Meets Hermeneutics: An Empirical Investigation Of Tasseography, Elizabeth Avetisian
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
Tasseography is a divination method to provide insight about the seeker’s past, present, or future life by interpreting patterns in the dregs of a liquid. Although it has been practiced with coffee throughout Europe and Middle East, particularly among women, no known studies exist on the seer’s perceptual process of the ambiguous patterns or how the roles of the seeker and seer, symbols, ritual, and cultural epistemology shape the divinatory hermeneutics. This study focused on the Armenian coffee divination ritual, asking what are the processes and conditions that enable experienced cup readers to obtain divinatory insight in tasseography? Two seekers …
Encouraging Little People’S Big Questions: An Elementary School Teacher’S Guide To Encouraging Philosophical Inquiry In Decision Making, Morgan Flanagan
Encouraging Little People’S Big Questions: An Elementary School Teacher’S Guide To Encouraging Philosophical Inquiry In Decision Making, Morgan Flanagan
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Children serve as natural philosophers. Their innate sense of questioning, in a classroom setting, with the right instruction, can be beneficial to understanding many abstract concepts. This project is a user-friendly elementary school teachers’ guide to encouraging philosophical questions and thoughts in young students. Teachers should be able to utilize the guide as a skeleton in forming their own lesson plans. The guide is not a completed lesson plan, rather an array of activities and literature that can be incorporated into pre-existing units or be used as a tool in creating new ones. Outlines include literature synopsis, overall philosophical themes, …
Reference Without Acquaintance: Naming And Thought In Fiction And Science, Yiğit Can Kahyaoğlu
Reference Without Acquaintance: Naming And Thought In Fiction And Science, Yiğit Can Kahyaoğlu
Philosophy Honors Projects
Mill thought the semantic content of proper names is simply their referents. This is true even for objects we are not acquainted with, even though many contemporary Millian theories appeal to causal connections to account for the reference and thus the meaning of such names. However, in certain contexts, we refer to objects that we are not causally related to — moreover, we seem to be able to think about such objects, as well. Such cases appear in science and fiction, for example, when we talk about hypothetical objects and fictional characters. In this thesis, I will examine the naming …
Grading With A Self-Evaluation Rubric: Acknowledging The Effect Of Moral Luck On A Student’S Learning Process In Higher Education, Leelah Klauber
Grading With A Self-Evaluation Rubric: Acknowledging The Effect Of Moral Luck On A Student’S Learning Process In Higher Education, Leelah Klauber
Philosophy Honors Papers
No abstract provided.
Care Ethics And Paternalism: A Beauvoirian Approach, Deniz Durmus
Care Ethics And Paternalism: A Beauvoirian Approach, Deniz Durmus
2022 Faculty Bibliography
Feminist care ethics has become a prominent ethical theory that influenced theoretical and practical discussions in a variety of disciplines and institutions on a global scale. However, it has been criticized by transnational feminist scholars for operating with Western-centric assumptions and registers, especially by universalizing care as it is practiced in the Global North. It has also been criticized for prioritizing gender over other categories of intersectionality and hence for not being truly intersectional. Given the imperialist and colonial legacies embedded into the unequal distribution of care work across the globe, a Western-centric approach may also carry the danger of …
Free Will And Animal Suicide, Sabina Schrynemakers
Free Will And Animal Suicide, Sabina Schrynemakers
Animal Sentience
David Peña-Guzmán presents two arguments against the view that because only humans have free will only humans can commit suicide: (1) nonhuman animals may possess free will, and (2) the libertarian notion of free will is incompatible with scientific explanation. The free will objection to animal suicide is indeed mistaken, but Peña-Guzmán’s criticism of the libertarian notion of free will seems misplaced. His target should instead be the assumption that free choices must be made consciously or self-reflectively or the assumption that freedom cannot come in degrees.
Pain Sentience Criteria And Their Grading, Eva Jablonka, Simona Ginsburg
Pain Sentience Criteria And Their Grading, Eva Jablonka, Simona Ginsburg
Animal Sentience
On the basis of the target article by Crump and colleagues, we suggest a more parsimonious scheme for evaluating the evidence for sentience. Since some of the criteria used by Crump et al. are not independent and some are uninformative we exclude some criteria and amalgamate others. We propose that evidence of flexible learning and prioritization, in conjunction with relevant data on brain organization, is sufficient for assigning pain-sentience to an animal and we suggest a scoring scheme based on four criteria.
Truly Minimal Criteria For Animal Sentience, Mark Solms
Truly Minimal Criteria For Animal Sentience, Mark Solms
Animal Sentience
The criteria for determining animal sentience proposed in the target article are sensible but they lack an explicit functional justification for the focus on pain. This commentary provides an abbreviated account of the most basic functional principles that underpin animal sentience and articulates some minimal criteria for determining its presence.
Crustacean Pain, Michael Tye
Crustacean Pain, Michael Tye
Animal Sentience
This commentary discusses the target article’s methodology, the relevance of the claim that crustaceans lack a neocortex to the thesis that they feel pain, and the evaluation of the results of some trade-off experiments done with hermit crabs.
No Need For Certainty In Animal Sentience, Yew Kwang Ng
No Need For Certainty In Animal Sentience, Yew Kwang Ng
Animal Sentience
This commentary supports Crump et al.’s (2022) point that where risks to welfare are severe, strong evidence of sentience is sufficient to warrant protecting welfare. Crump et al.’s eight criteria for sentience are also useful. Flexible decision-making (5) and flexible behaviour (6) are consistent with Ng (1995). The concession that the “no-need-for-sentience” proposition is unnecessary also strengthens the importance of the target article’s conclusions.
What Might Decapod Sentience Mean For Policy, Practice, And Public?, Richard Gorman
What Might Decapod Sentience Mean For Policy, Practice, And Public?, Richard Gorman
Animal Sentience
Crump et al. provide eight criteria for evaluating sentience in decapods, with scope for for application to other taxa. Their work has attracted the interest of policymakers. This commentary discusses the limitations of conceptual and legal acknowledgement of sentience in chainging practice and public attitudes. More work is needed. Social science may be able to help.
Fine-Tuning The Criteria For Inferring Sentience, Culum Brown
Fine-Tuning The Criteria For Inferring Sentience, Culum Brown
Animal Sentience
“Sentience” means the capacity to feel, and feelings are private affairs. Sentience is hence extremely difficult to quantify in nonhuman animals. We have no direct means of determining whether an animal is sentient. Thus we rely on a series of indirect measures or criteria which collectively provide some level of confidence about the probability that an animal is sentient. Crump et al. propose a modified framework based on 8 criteria for estimating the likelihood of sentience in a target taxon. Whereas I very much like their proposed framework, I would suggest a couple of amendments that may improve it further: …
Generalizing Frameworks For Sentience Beyond Natural Species, Michael Levin
Generalizing Frameworks For Sentience Beyond Natural Species, Michael Levin
Animal Sentience
Crump et al. (2022) offer a well-argued example of an essential development: a rigorous framework for assessing sentience from the perspective of moral concern over an agent’s welfare. Current and forthcoming developments in bioengineering, synthetic morphology, artificial intelligence, biorobotics, and exobiology necessitate an expansion and generalization of this effort. Verbal reports (the Turing Test) and homology to human brains are utterly inadequate criteria for assessing the status of novel, unconventional agents that offer no familiar touchstone of phylogeny or anatomy. We must develop principled approaches to evaluating the sentience of (and thus, our responsibility to) beings of unfamiliar provenance and …
Sentience In Decapods: An Open Question, Mark Briffa
Sentience In Decapods: An Open Question, Mark Briffa
Animal Sentience
Crump et al.’s framework is a powerful tool designed to assist decisions on the ethical treatment of decapod crustaceans. However, the question of whether decapods are sentient (i.e., whether they feel), remains open, perhaps indefinitely. More optimistically, we might design experiments that distinguish among different levels of awareness, sometimes viewed as components of sentience. We should strike a balance between assuming that all organisms are sentient and making unnecessary anatomical assumptions about sentience. Refining current experiments may provide concrete insights about awareness in Decapoda and other taxa.
Unresolved Issues Of Behavioral Analysis In Invertebrates, Charles I. Abramson, Paco Calvo
Unresolved Issues Of Behavioral Analysis In Invertebrates, Charles I. Abramson, Paco Calvo
Animal Sentience
Crump et al. (2022) provide a framework for determining the presence of sentience in organisms. Their target article is interesting and thought-provoking, but it does not consider the many unresolved issues related to behavioral analysis – especially when it concerns invertebrates. We feel that no real progress can be made until such fundamental issues as the need for a consistent definition of conditioning phenomena, the lack of a generally accepted behavioral taxonomy, and the use of cognitive terms to explain invertebrate behavior are examined critically.
Does The Sentience Framework Imply All Animals Are Sentient?, Kristin Andrews
Does The Sentience Framework Imply All Animals Are Sentient?, Kristin Andrews
Animal Sentience
The eight criteria proposed in Crump et al.’s framework for evaluating pain sentience in decapod crustaceans are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to markers that could increase confidence in an animal’s sentience more generally. Some of the commentaries have already pointed out that pain is only one kind of sentience (Souza Valente). It has also already been pointed out that there are other criteria for pain that could be usefully added to the framework’s eight (Burrell). This expansive thinking about criteria that can be used to increase confidence in sentience raisess the question: in an expansive …
Distinguishing Epistemic And Moral Grounds For Legal Protection, Carlos Montemayor
Distinguishing Epistemic And Moral Grounds For Legal Protection, Carlos Montemayor
Animal Sentience
The criteria proposed by Crump et al. are based on various cognitive roles associated with sentience. A subset of them may be sufficient for certain kinds of welfare, but the presence of all of them should be considered as clearly sufficient for substantial kinds of legal protection based on their relation to capacities that we consider essential for moral standing in human beings.
Unconscious Humans, Autonomous Machines And The Difficulty Of Knowing Which Animals Are Sentient, Marian Stamp Dawkins
Unconscious Humans, Autonomous Machines And The Difficulty Of Knowing Which Animals Are Sentient, Marian Stamp Dawkins
Animal Sentience
The framework proposed by Crump et al. still leaves much doubt about whether invertebrates such as crabs are sentient. For example, many complex behaviours - even in humans - occur without sentience. Also, simple machines could easily meet all of Crump et al.’s eight proposed criteria for sentience. Acknowledging the limitations of what we currently know about sentience is important both for formulating legislation correctly and for advancing scientific understanding of this most puzzling of biological phenomena.
Sentience Criteria To Persuade The Reasonable Sceptic, Patrick Butlin
Sentience Criteria To Persuade The Reasonable Sceptic, Patrick Butlin
Animal Sentience
When presented with evidence that Crump et al.’s criteria are satisfied for the animals in some taxon, a sceptic could reasonably continue to suspend judgement about whether those animals are sentient. This is because the criteria refer to abilities which are associated with sentience in humans, but it is not clear that sentience is necessary for these abilities. The criteria could be strengthed by requiring evidence of a contrast in performance between cases in which information is carried by felt and unfelt states.
Rhetoric Of Collaboration: Using Ethics Of Social Justice And Activism Through Writing Communities, Tina M. Iemma
Rhetoric Of Collaboration: Using Ethics Of Social Justice And Activism Through Writing Communities, Tina M. Iemma
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines emerging writing community collectives that seek to challenge the normative hierarchy of higher education in both composition and curricula. I conduct empirical research to explore the ways activist writers, those with exposure to social justice literacies from across and outside academic communities, influence an ethics of collaboration and overall expansion of more public-facing, engaged and inclusive research pedagogy and scholarship. The act of writing in collectives is needed if a move toward advocacy and opportunity for equity is to be upheld within and beyond academia. By examining social justice literacies occurring both in and out of the …
British Literature I, Justin Shaw
British Literature I, Justin Shaw
Syllabus Share
What does it mean to belong? What does it mean to have an identity? This course serves as an entry point to the study of early British literature and its historical contexts. We examine texts written from the 7th to the 17th Centuries that comprise a portion of what we call British literature. This survey engages poetry, prose, and drama that reimagine the complexities of intersectional identity, render the nation as part of a global stage, and challenge conventions of sexuality and gender. It traces early texts written by and about people on the margins of “Britishness” and "Englishness" such …
Justified, Evidently False Belief, Levi Yakuber
Justified, Evidently False Belief, Levi Yakuber
Bouwsma Paper Contest
In The Theory of Epistemic Rationality, Foley writes that the framing goal of epistemic rationality is, “now to believe those propositions which are true and now not to believe those propositions which are false,” with respect to non-trivial propositions.1 This “nowness” for truth distinguishes epistemic rationality from other domains of rationality, on the basis that epistemic rationality is concerned only with now believing what is true, regardless of what believing the truth will mean for one’s other goals as a person. Though very restrictive, this is the founding framework of the epistemic domain. Epistemic rationality being concerned only with the …
Jenny Wade: Building The Next Generation Of Scholars In Transpersonal Psychology, Glenn Hartelius, Harris Friedman
Jenny Wade: Building The Next Generation Of Scholars In Transpersonal Psychology, Glenn Hartelius, Harris Friedman
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
N/A
The Role Of Spiritual Intelligence And Differentiation In Predicting Marital Adjustment Of Married Iranian Students, Sedigheh Ahmadi, Richard H. Morley, Faezeh Ghalebi, Hossein Ilanloo, Christine D. Nguyen
The Role Of Spiritual Intelligence And Differentiation In Predicting Marital Adjustment Of Married Iranian Students, Sedigheh Ahmadi, Richard H. Morley, Faezeh Ghalebi, Hossein Ilanloo, Christine D. Nguyen
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and differentiation in predicting marital adjustment of Iranian students. The participants of this study were 312 married students from Yazd University. The instruments used in this study were the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) to measure marital adjustment, Differentiation of Self- Inventory, and the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). The results of the study demonstrated that spiritual intelligence predicted the marital adjustment of married students (p
Transformative, Noetic, And Transpersonal Experiences During Personal Development Workshops, Helané Wahbeh, Cassandra Vieten, Garrett Yount, Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen, Dean Radin, Arnaud Delorme
Transformative, Noetic, And Transpersonal Experiences During Personal Development Workshops, Helané Wahbeh, Cassandra Vieten, Garrett Yount, Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen, Dean Radin, Arnaud Delorme
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
The global personal development market was valued at $38.28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow an additional 5% from 2020 to 2027. Many of these workshops promise to be transformational. This secondary analysis study examined transformative, transpersonal, and noetic aspects of personal development workshops. We found that 74% of post-survey records endorsed that participants experienced a moment of clarity or profound insight during their workshop. In addition, 66% endorsed that participants had experienced at least one noetic experience, and 84% endorsed at least one transpersonal experience. These analyses provide preliminary evidence for the transformational potential of personal development …
The Incoherence Challenge For Subject Combination: An Analytic Assessment, Itay Shani, Heath Williams
The Incoherence Challenge For Subject Combination: An Analytic Assessment, Itay Shani, Heath Williams
Philosophy Papers and Journal Articles
Panpsychism is now a bona fide potential solution to the metaphysical quandary of consciousness. Much of the debate concerning the viability of panpsychism is centered on the combination problem (CP). Intriguingly, the literature analyzing this problem displays two competing interpretations which differ in their modal force. According to the first, which we call the ‘no-necessitation view', CP consists in the absence of a priori necessitation of macro-level phenomenal facts from micro-level phenomenal facts. In contrast, the second interpretation, which we label the ‘incoherence charge’ (IC), goes further by insisting that it can be positively demonstrated that micro-experiences cannot …
Are Truth And Justice Naturally Stronger Than Their Opposites?: A Comparative Study Of Plato’S Gorgias And Aristotle’S Rhetoric, Jake Verrilli
Are Truth And Justice Naturally Stronger Than Their Opposites?: A Comparative Study Of Plato’S Gorgias And Aristotle’S Rhetoric, Jake Verrilli
Philosophy Honors Papers
No abstract provided.