Philosophy Commons^™

Enumerative Induction In Mathematics, Alan Richard Baker

Philosophy Faculty Works

In my 2007 paper, “Is There a Problem of Induction for Mathematics?” I rejected the idea that enumerative induction has force for mathematical claims. My core argument was based on the fact that we are restricted to examining relatively small numbers, so our samples are always biased, and hence they carry no inductive weight. In recent years, I have come to believe that this argument is flawed. In particular, while arithmetical samples are indeed biased, my new view is that this bias actually strengthens the inductive support that accrues from them. The reason is that small numbers typically provide a …

Borders, Movement, And Global Egalitarianism, Mike Gadomski

Philosophy and Religious Studies

Despite their theoretical attractiveness, global egalitarian arguments for open borders face the worry that open borders would in fact exacerbate inequality. In this paper, I offer a response to such egalitarian consequentialist concerns. I argue that they fail to attend to the larger political and economic forces that create and maintain inequality. Even in cases where immigration conflicts with egalitarian goals, the conflicts tend to be due to contingent circumstances that egalitarians have reason to change. As such, they do not pose a deep challenge for egalitarian defenses of open borders. However, they do illuminate an important and overlooked point: …

Responding To Skepticism : From Transcendental Arguments To Hinge Epistemology, Changshuo Sun

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

The problem of external world skepticism is typically understood as a paradox. It consists of three intuitive claims, which are incompatible if put together. The three claims are: (I) If we do not know that we are not in a skeptical scenario, then we do not know almost all ordinary perceptual propositions. (II) We do not know that we are not in a skeptical scenario. (III) We know almost all ordinary perceptual propositions.

In this thesis, I examine two responses to the skeptical paradox: transcendental arguments and hinge epistemology.

There are two types of transcendental arguments: ambitious transcendental arguments and …

Review Of Radical Utu: Critical Ideas And Ideals Of Wangari Muta Maathai, Wanjiru G. Mbure

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Emmanuel Mounier’S Four Books On Communitarian Personalism: Engaging With Existentialism, Marxism, And & Teilhard De Chardin, Joe Holland

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Cosmic Partnership: Hildegard Of Bingen’S Vision Of An Integral Ecology, Almut Furchert

The Journal of Social Encounters

Though Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), Benedictine Abbess and polymath, canonized and proclaimed Doctor of the Church in 2012, has been named a patron of ecology, only fragments of her ecological philosophy exist. This article attempts to introduce Hildegard’s polyphonic work by outlining her theology of viriditas as the green thread that connects her cosmological, anthropological, and ethical theory and to show how it constructs the relationship between humanity and creation as a cosmic partnership. Hildegard's striking visual style is not only inspired by her appreciation of the natural world, but deeply grounded in her theology. This theology entails an ethical …

Rights Of Nature: The Indigenous-Led Movement For Sovereignty And A Sustainable Future, Kathryn Schug, Ted Gordon

The Journal of Social Encounters

The rights of nature movement works to grant legal rights to beings other than humans. Led by Indigenous communities across the globe, the movement is grounded in commonly shared Indigenous beliefs that regard non-human beings as are our relatives and as deserving of the same legal rights as humans. Grounded in Indigenous worldviews, the rights of nature movement pursues the twin goals of creating an environmentally sustainable future and enshrining legal protections for Indigenous values and practices. This article explores how the White Earth Nation, a federally recognized Ojibwe tribal government in Minnesota became the first in the United States …

Intuitionism, Justification Logic, And Doxastic Reasoning, Vincent A. Peluce

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In this Dissertation, we examine a handful of related themes in the philosophy of logic and mathematics. We take as a starting point the deeply philosophical, and—as we argue, deeply Kantian—views of L.E.J. Brouwer, the founder of intuitionism. We examine his famous first act of intuitionism. Therein, he put forth both a critical and a constructive idea. This critical idea involved digging a philosophical rift between what he thought of himself as doing and what he thought of his contemporaries, specifically Hilbert, as doing. He sought to completely separate mathematics from mathematical language, and thereby logic. In chapter 3, we …

A Mute Pleasure: Novelistic Poetics In The Nineteenth-Century, Ryan Everitt

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Through special attention to the non-narrative, descriptive, lyrical, or even boring passages that interrupt the story, this dissertation explores what happens when the nineteenth-century British novel envelops experiences that were traditionally (or since Romanticism) in the domain of poetry: longings for escape, exhilarating affects of freedom, opaque moments of revelation. In most cases, I characterize the novel discourse as representing a prosaic consciousness that wrestles with its more visceral yet vital “other,” poetic consciousness. To articulate how poetry survives within novelistic discourse, this dissertation is organized around sets of opposing terms, whose unresolved tension becomes the basis of my analysis …

“Hattak Vpi Homma” Mvt Miha Nanta Fehna? What Does “Native American” Really Mean?, Alex R. Steers-Mccrum

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Indigenous identities in North America are much more complex than generally assumed. No single definition of “Native (American),” “(American) Indian,” or related terms provides a set of necessary and sufficient conditions that accurately or usefully describe all and only the right individuals and communities. I argue that understanding Native identities in the contemporary context requires examining multiple interconnected dimensions of Nativeness, articulated here as Enrollment and Recognition, Tribal Ethnicities, Native Race, Indian Panethnicity, and Indigenous Nationhood.

In the U.S., Indigenous identities are usually oversimplified as either Enrollment in a Recognized Tribe or as Native Race. While both of these aspects …

To Which We Return, Marianne Koleng

be Still

This work is an attempt to reconcile the vibrance of life as evidenced by the colorful collage and bismuth crystal with death, which is portrayed by a somber skull emerging from an aorta and ventricles of a human heart. Understanding the temporal nature of our existence is key to subtle references to beauty and imperfection latent in the background of this image to cue the idea of beauty in life and death to the viewer.

Dissenting Authority, Guyora Binder

Journal Articles

This essay explicates J.B. White’s rhetorical conception of authority as a potentially collaborative achievement and contrasts it with the conception of authority as surrender of judgment prevailing in legal philosophy. On White’s view, authority is not an instrument held and deployed, but is conferred, like respect. This conception of authority illuminates three puzzles concerning the relationship between dissent and legal authority. First, Legal Positivism’s purportedly descriptive account of law insists it must claim an authority to govern independent of justice and assent. Yet law’s language is replete with justice-based appeals for popular assent. White’s reading of the practice of legal …

Perceptual Expectation, Rebecca Keller

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

You are currently seeing many things, and, hopefully, you are currently about to see many other things. Many of the things that you are about to see will not be surprising, because you expect to see them. Sometimes, though, when you expect to see one thing and are faced with another, that thing will look like the thing you expected it to be, and not like the thing it actually is. This dissertation is an attempt to get a handle on what is happening in the visual system in these instances. In particular, I am trying to figure out what …

Liberal Attitude Reports, Tomasz Zyglewicz

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Attitude reports are sentences such as “Tomasz thinks the Earth is flat” or “Susan wantsvice cream.” It is commonly assumed that the main reason people use them is to make sense of the reportee’s behavior: to explain their past actions, or predict future ones. To play this role effectively, attitude reports have to accurately describe what is going on in the reportee’s head. Let’s call attitue reports that do not meet this condition “Liberal attitude reports.” For example: Alice is a vegan doctor who thinks that every vegan should take a B12 supplements. It is felicitous to say to your …

Singing Petrarch In The Cinquecento: Embodied Reading And The Italian Madrigal, Thomas A. Hedrick Iii

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines how composers of sixteenth-century Italian madrigals highlighted poetic line rhythm, repeated vowel sounds (or assonance), and word repetition in figures of speech—all elements of the verse that have been previously overlooked by scholars, who have traditionally focused on musical depictions of the text’s semantics. The analysis in chapters 2, 3, and 4 shows that composers used a consistent set of techniques from the madrigals of Arcadelt to those of Monteverdi, and musical examples draw from large collection of madrigals on Petrarch sonnets. The analytical methodology is built on the premise that Cinquecento encounters with poetry can be …

The Intellectual Roots Of Hindutva: Influences From Early German Romantics And Mahatma Gandhi, Johannes Scheuer

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The economic and political ascent under the leadership of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Narendra Modi has not only increased interest in Indian politics but also highlighted the dominance of Hindu nationalism (Hindutva) as a political ideology in contemporary India. Many scholars and journalists have drawn parallels between European fascist movements of the past and reactionary movements in today's political landscape to understand the rise and dominance of Hindutva. However, this paper takes a different approach by tracing the intellectual roots of Hindutva through the political philosophy of the Early German Romantics, particularly Johann Gottfried Herder, and the philosophy …

Black Horror Film And The Role Of Mood In Race Perception, Nicholas P. Whittaker

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Contemporary discussions of black or antiracist art are often haunted by an air of pessimism. This pessimism rests on the intuition that art cannot change the political realities of antiblackness and/or our relationships with blackness. In this dissertation, I resist this hegemonic view by arguing that black horror films generate a particular, politically-valuable aesthetic experience. Specifically, they allow us to experience blackness and black people as unintelligible. This, I argue, runs counter to everyday experience of blackness; when blackness appears unintelligible, we lose the sense of satisfied comprehension that characterizes our everyday experiences of it. I argue that these films …

Realist Or Utopian Pacifist? Jean-Jacques Rousseau And The Question Of War, Nikolaos Nikolakakis

All Works

This study offers an in-depth exploration of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy of international relations, an under-researched but crucial aspect of his political thought. We strongly argue that Rousseau understood the transformation of individuals into morally mature subjects as a process intimately intertwined with the development of a political community. According to Rousseau, this intricate connection cannot be fully grasped without considering the international society of states. The paper unpacks Rousseau’s contemplations on the dynamics of war, the mechanisms of peace, and the unique attributes of states. It provides an articulate argument that Rousseau does not adhere strictly to the doctrines of …

Evaluating Bad Theology And Making A Case For The Ethical Priority Of Religious Diversity In Tolkien Studies, Nick Polk

Journal of Tolkien Research

Presented at Oxonmoot in 2024, the aim of this paper is to present a selection of theological Tolkien criticisms for the purpose of evaluating them through practical theologian Leah Robinson’s definition of bad theology. The point is argued that bad theology in Tolkien Studies needs to be identified and understood as unethical and replaced with the openness of theologian John Thatamanil’s criteria for religious diversity. Concluding will be a promotion of religious diversity as an ethical priority and evaluative tool for future theological engagements within Tolkien Studies.

Makna Penamaan Sajian Ritual Kabasa Dari Perspektif Gastrolinguistik, Lilik Rita Lindayani, Rasiah Rasiah, Rahmawati Azi, Wa Ode Sifatu, Syahrun Syahrun, La Sawali La Sawali

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This article is about Munanese (an ethnic group in Southeast Sulawesi) traditional dish kabasa as a form of referential support to the gastrodiplomacy trend. Kabasa is a part of the haroa ritual that features a range of dishes with various ingredients, which is strongly connected to various aspects of the community such as social position, psychology, and environment. In this study, a combination between linguistics as language science and gastronomy which examines food within its culture is considered effective for investigating the semantics of the naming pattern of kabasa dishes in order to document this unique culinary tradition and introduce …

Toponimi Nama Pantai Di Belitung, Filia Filia

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This research examines the toponymy of beaches in Belitung using the socio-onomastic approach. The names of beaches in Belitung Regency were studied using written and oral data. The written data was obtained from three maps, i.e., the map from the Geospatial Information Agency, the geological map of Belitung and the digital Google Maps. The oral data was obtained through interviews with resource persons and informants in Belitung. Based on map searches and interviews, seven beach names and the origin of their names have been obtained, as follows (i) Tanjung Tinggi Beach, (ii) Tanjung Pendam Beach, (iii), Penyabong Beach, (iv) Tanjung …

Scandal In Japan Transgression, Performance And Ritual, I Ketut Surajaya Prof. Dr.

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

No abstract provided.

Second International Marxism And The Finnish Revolution, Luke Brodersen

University Honors Theses

This paper will consider the Finnish revolution of 1917-1918 as it was understood by Second International Marxists--not because these Marxists were right, but because the revolution was led by Marxists of a socialist party formed in the Second International. By dint of the constraints of time, of resources, and of a language barrier, this paper cannot be an exhaustive historical account of the activities of the Finnish socialists, nor a comprehensive explanation of Marxism, nor would it assume to provide a proper 'Marxist' analysis of this history. Of the two 20th century English language histories of this revolution--the work of …

Upacara Adat Rambu Solo’: Antara Gengsi Dan Urgensi, Ghana Aldila Septiani G, Mochammad Mansur, Salsabila Dwi Saputri

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Rambu Solo’ is one of the most expensive traditional funerals in the world. This has created a general impression that Rambu Solo’ must always be lavishly performed, although in reality it can be adjusted to the bereaved family’s financial circumstances. This research seeks to explain how Rambu Solo’ can be motivated by both urgency and prestige using Abraham Maslow’s humanistic psychology theory. This research applied the qualitative method. Data were collected by interviewing a traditional leader named Ambe Tawang with the aid of a local interpreter, Baharuddin Palepong, who lived in Lembang Palesan, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi. After collection, the …

Kendhangan Nartosabdan Pembentuk Karakteristik Gending Semarangan, Nanda Indah Nur Risqia, Suyoto Suyoto

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

The research aims to reveal the factors which contribute to the unique characteristics of Semarangan gending. Analysis involved four theories: Rahayu Supanggah’s garap theory, Stenberg’s creativity theory, C. A. van Peursen’s cultural development theory, and Marc Benamou’s rasa theory. There were three stages of data collection: literature study, observation, and interview. Results show three main characteristics of Semarangan gending: irama and laya, garap ricikan, and vocal garap. The tabuhan from this ricikan shows integration of musical styles from other areas, such as Yogyakarta, Banyumas, Surakarta, and East Java. In Semarangan gending, there are rasa …

Insiden Penurunan Banner People’S Justice Di Documenta Fifteen Dan Perintang Komunikasi Antarbudaya, Heronimus Heron, Min Seong Kim

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

On June 20 2022, artists and art observers in Indonesia were shocked by the circulation of information that the People's Justice banner by Taring Padi exhibited at Documenta Fifteen interpreted as containing elements of antisemitism. Taring Padi explained that the People's Justice banner was based on the political history of Indonesia under New Order regime and had nothing to do with antisemitism, however, the banner was eventually dismantled on June 21, 2022. Based on this background, there are several research questions to explore: How is the chronology of dismantling the People's Justice banner at Documenta Fifteen? Why did this incident …

Pola Relasi Pencambuk-Penangkis Dalam Tarian Caci Dan Sumbangannya Pada Elegansi Dialog Di Indonesia, Fransiskus Sailtus, Pius Pandor

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This paper aims to explore the intersubjective relationship between the whipper (paki) and the parrier (ta’ang) in caci, a traditional dance from Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara Province. For that purpose, this study applied the phenomenological method. In this method, caci is described based on what actually transpires during the performance when the researchers made direct observations. As a native Manggarai, the researcher has watched the dance for many years. Data from the phenomenological study were analyzed using Armada Riyanto’s philosophical concept of intersubjective relationality. This study found that the relationship between the whipper and the parrier …

Ekspresi Bahasa Evaluatif Pada Artikel Ilmiah Berbahasa Indonesia, Ahmad Fadly, Untung Yuwono, Sonya Puspasari Suganda

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Authors of scientific articles are faced with two opposing demands: objectivity and critical evaluation when expressing reality and truth. To date, no evaluative language mapping has been performed on Indonesian scientific articles which can accurately describe an article’s degree of objectivity so that it can be used as a tool for objectivizing and negotiating truth. Using the appraisal framework, this research aims to identify and examine these two opposing orientations as they appear in Indonesian scientific articles. The qualitative approach was applied to perform in-depth analysis of interpersonal functions in scientific articles. Data in the form of Indonesian scientific articles …

Ritual Bela Diri Kutau Dalam Masyarakat Desa Suro, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Aulini Lidiantari, Roza Muliati, Nursyirwan Nursyirwan, Rosta Minawati

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This paper discusses the Kutau martial arts ritual practiced by the people of Suro Village, Muara Beliti District, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province. Kutau is one of the ancestral heritages consisting of a set of rituals. Kutau takes the form of traditional martial arts that has been developed by the Suro Village community. Applying the qualitative approach, this study aimed to systematically document all forms of rituals in Kutau and its functions within the Suro community. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, which were then analyzed using Victor Turner’s ritual approach and Talcot Parsons’ function approach. Results …

Marshaling A Triumph: The Park Chung Hee Era, Developmental State Theory, And The Meaning Of Success In South Korea, Kevin Hockmuth

Emancipations: A Journal of Critical Social Analysis

South Korea has long been looked to as a model of developmental success. Undoubtedly, South Korean society has experienced a remarkable expansion of wealth, social well-being, and technological capacity over the last half-century. The central turning point in this momentous transformation coincided with the authoritarian rule of Park Chung Hee (1961-1979). As such, scholars of political economy and development have paid close attention to the various facets of his regime to glean the primary causes underpinning South Korea’s developmental feats. The most significant of these efforts have emerged from works emphasizing the role of the South Korean developmental state. This …