Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons^™

Mapping A Novaculite Quarry In Hot Springs National Park, Mary Beth D. Trubitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Novaculite quarries in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma were created through largescale extraction of lithic raw materials, used for stone tools by Caddos and other Native Americans over the past 11,000 years and in recent centuries by Euro-Americans for whetstones. Quarry sites are characterized by surface features like large pits. trenches, battered boulders, and debris piles. This article summarizes the results of an Arkansas Archeological Survey research project that described and mapped surface features at one site (3GA22J to provide a better understanding of the problems and potential of documenting novaculite quarries.

The Pine Saddle Site (3pl1080) In The Ouachita Mountains, Polk County, Arkansas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Novaculite was procured and knapped by aboriginal Indian populations living in southwestern Arkansas for thousands of years, and there are numerous prehistoric novaculite quarries in the Ouachita Mountains. In Late Archaic times. this desirable material was widely traded and exchanged with other groups to the south, east, and west, particularly with the peoples living at the Poverty Point site and environs in the lower Mississippi valley in northern Louisiana. Later groups such as the Caddo also made considerable use of this material, since it was in their traditional homelands, and many habitation sites and mound centers in the region contain …

Caddo Archives And Economies, Paul S. Marceaux

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article is a discussion of archival research on contact through historic period (ca. A.D. 1519 to 18th century) Caddo groups in eastern Texas and west central Louisiana. First, I describe general objectives for current and long-term research on the Caddo Indians, followed by the central issues the article will address. A brief summary of protohistoric and historic events, actors, and sources will be followed by methodological considerations, as well as a discussion of Caddo economies, concluding with some reflections on Caddo archives and economies. This article explores the complex and interrelated economies of Native American and European populations during …

Cavanaugh: A Late Prehistoric Platform Mound In Western Arkansas, Gregory Vogel

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Cavanaugh Mound (3SB3, also known as Etter's Mound, Jones Mound, Site Zeta, and occasionally misspelled Cavenaugh) is a largely intact Late Prehistoric platform mound on the Arkansas River just east of the Oklahoma border, about 14 km from the Spiro Mounds complex. The site is situated on a high terrace above the Arkansas River as it runs between the Ouachita Mountains to the south and the Ozarks to the north. The Poteau River enters the Arkansas River floodplain just west of Cavanaugh, creating one of the widest stretches of bottomland in the region. The area immediately around Cavanaugh Mound is …

Bossier Tribes, Caddo In North Louisiana's Pineywoods, Jon L. Gibson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Clarence Webb (1948) christened Bossier more than a half century ago. Its namesake was the northwestern Louisiana parish where several Bossier sites were located, but it could just as easily been named after Webster, Claiborne, Harrison, Columbia, or other political subdivisions in northwestern Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, or eastern Texas where its distinctive pottery was found. This is Caddo country, linguistically and ethnically. Bossier is the issue of Caddoan cultural tradition, a culmination of agents, practices, and histories that transpired in the Red River valley and adjoining Pineywoods hills between ca. A.D. 1300 and 1500.

Bossier is best known for its …

Casanas, Hidalgo, And Espinosa: A Spanish Leaming Curve, Mariah F. Wade

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 1690, Alonso de Leon arrived in East Texas to establish two missions among the Asinai. He was accompanied by Fr. Fontcuberta, Fr. Casanas, Fr. Bordoy, Fr. Massanet, and Brother Antonio. Fr. Massanet returned to Mexico to inform the Viceroy about the trip, and came back to East Texas with Teran de Los Rios in August 1691. Fr. Fontcuberta died in February 1691 of an epidemic that, according to Fr. Casanas, killed about 3,000 natives in the area. Fr. Casanas who died in New Mexico in 1696, left us the first intimate view of the Caddoan-speaking groups in East Texas. …

Archaeological Testing At The Selma Stagecoach Stop And Post Office (41bx1409), Bexar County, Texas, David L. Nickels, José E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio contracted with the City of Selma, Texas—under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 2395—for the purpose of conducting limited shovel testing and test excavations at the Selma Stagecoach Stop/Post Office. The building is to be restored to serve as one element of a planned historic park. Shovel testing was conducted in May 2000 on a 8,250 square foot area (766.4 m2) surrounding the stagecoach stop structure. The purpose of the shovel tests was to assess the presence of intact archaeological deposits below the surface. Thirty-nine shovel tests …

Intensive Pedestrian Survey Of Selected Areas Within Mcallister Park, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Joseph M. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between September 19 and 22, 2005 the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100 percent intensive pedestrian survey within McAllister Park for the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Antonio. The survey was followed by an interview with Mr. Marvin Klar, a long-time resident of San Antonio and former owner of much of the land that is now part of McAllister Park. The Parks and Recreation Department is planning a series of improvements to existing facilities and the construction of new facilities within the boundaries of McAllister Park. …

Pedestrian Survey And Nrhp Eligibility Testing Of Sites Within A Proposed Detention Facility In Webb County, Texas, Karla J. Córdova, Antonia L. Figueroa, Russell D. Greaves, Bruce K. Moses, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by MACTEC Engineering & Consulting, Inc. (hereafter, MACTEC) to perform Phase I archaeological survey and Phase II testing prior to the construction of a detention facility in Webb County, Texas. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) requires federal agencies to take into consideration the effects of proposed undertakings on cultural resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE). While the proposed undertaking is being developed by The GEO Group, Inc. on privately owned property and is funded by private resources, the …

Intensive Pedestrain Survey Of Three Tracts To Be Impacted By The Planned Expansion Of The San Antonio International Airport, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jennifer L. Thompson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the months of March and April 2005, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100 percent intensive pedestrian survey of three tracts of land (totaling 210 acres) for Adams Environmental, Inc. The project area is located within the boundaries of the San Antonio International Airport and the tracts are owned by the City of San Antonio Department of Aviation. The tracts represent the planned locations for the expansion of two runways and land development adjacent to them. The goal of the archaeological survey was to identify and document all prehistoric …

Phase I Archaeological Survey Of A 10-Acre Habitat For Humanity Tract In Laredo, Webb County, Texas, Bruce K. Moses, Russell D. Greaves, Charles S. Smith

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On December 7, 2004, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) conducted a Phase I intensive pedestrian archaeological survey of a 10-acre portion of Tract 4 in the Las Blancas Subdivision located near Laredo in Webb County, Texas, for Habitat for Humanity of Laredo. The proposed development consists of the construction of low-income housing within this parcel.

Twenty shovel tests were excavated along 20-meter transects and in areas considered to have high or moderate probability of buried cultural materials. In addition, two backhoe trenches were excavated in alluvial deposits along the eastern margin of the project area overlooking Blancas Creek. The …

Archeological Investigations At Mission Espíritu Santo (41gd1), Goliad County, Texas, Kristi M. Ulrich, Antonia L. Figueroa, Jennifer L. Thompson, Anne A. Fox, Johanna M. Hunziker, Steve A. Tomka, Cynthia M. Muñoz

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Excavations were carried out at Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zuñiga (41GD1) in November of 2004 and February of 2005 by the Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio under contract with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The work was conducted in advance of the planned construction of a French drain system. Shovel tests, 1-x-1-meter test units, and controlled backhoe trenches were used to explore areas that would be impacted by the proposed drainage system along the northern walls of the chapel and museum (granary) and across the center of the courtyard. …

Archeological Testing Associated With Thestabilization Of The Convento At Mission San Juan Capistrano (41bx5), San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Karla J. Córdova, Antonia L. Figueroa, Kristi M. Ulrich, Johanna M. Hunziker

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In January and April, 2005, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted test excavations at Mission San Juan Capistrano (41BX5) for the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park of the National Park Service. The site is located approximately eight miles south of downtown San Antonio on the left bank of the San Antonio River.

The purpose of the excavations was to provide information on the nature and content of the subsurface deposits in preparation for a major stabilization campaign around the convento at Mission San Juan that will result in the installation …

Test Excavations And Monitoring At 41bx1598 A Multicomponent Historic Site In Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Raymond P. Mauldin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From September through December of 2003, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio performed archaeological testing and monitoring at site 41BX1598, the location for the proposed San Fernando Community Center. The site is adjacent to Military Plaza in downtown San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The work performed by CAR was done under contract with the San Antonio Archdiocese, and was conducted in accordance with and under the jurisdiction of the City Preservation Ordinance (Article VI, Historic Preservation and Urban Design, City of San Antonio, Unified Development Code). Dr. Steve Tomka served as the …

Archeological Testing And Monitoring Of The Proposed Roma Visitor Complex, City Of Roma, Starr County, Texas, Barbara A. Meissner, Kristi Miller Ulrich, José E. Zapata, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In February and March 2003, staff from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted archeological testing and monitoring within the boundaries of the National Historic Landmark District of Roma, Texas. This work was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Programmatic Agreement of the Statewide Transportation Enhancement Program, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and the Texas Antiquities Code. The archeological services were conducted under contract with Kell Muñoz Architects of San Antonio and in coordination with the City of Roma and the Pharr District of the Texas …

Archaeological Survey And Archival Research Of The Naegelin Tract (41bx1600) In San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Jennifer L. Thompson, Antonia L. Figueroa

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On December 2 and 3, 2004, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) conducted a Phase I survey of the 108-acre Naegelin Tract in northwest Bexar County, Texas, for Raba-Kistner Consultants, Inc. The proposed development consists of extending De Zavala Road through the southern portion of the tract and Kyle Seale Road through the eastern margin of the tract. Drainage easements are planned to cross through the center of the property and also along the northern and eastern margins of the tract.

Thirty-six shovel tests were excavated along 30-meter transects and in areas considered to have high or moderate probability of …

Test Excavations At 41bl1214, Bell County, Texas: State Highway 95 Bridge Replacement At The Little River, Timothy B. Griffith, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In February and March 2004, Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), performed archeological test excavations at site 41BL1214 to determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. This investigation was conducted within the existing and proposed right of way of the State Highway 95 bridge project at the Little River in Bell County for the Texas Department of Transportation. The site is situated on a flood terrace on the south bank of the Little River. In all, 18 m³ were excavated during testing. Excavations yielded artifacts, features, and other cultural materials associated with Late Archaic and …

An Archaeological Survey Of 307 Acres At Camp Swift, Bastrop County, Texas: 2003, David L. Nickels, Antonio Padilla, James E. Barrera, C. Britt Bousman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents an archaeological survey of 307 acres at Camp Swift, in north-central Bastrop County, Texas. Camp Swift is owned by the Texas Army National Guard office of Adjutant General (hereinafter referred to as AGTX). A total of 11 previously unrecorded sites were documented during this project

Jerusalem, Sanhedriya A-4613/2005, Keren Ben-Or

Favissa: Past Archaeological Excavation Reports

In 2005, a trial excavation was conducted in the Sanhedriya quarter of Jerusalem (map ref. 2207–8/6341–3), under the direction of K. Ben-Or. The excavation was conducted in the area of the quarry (see excavation file for the plan and photographs).

Hidden Meanings: A Search For The Historical Worldview In The Oberlin College Ethnographic Collection Organizational Systems, Erin Evangeline Allen

Honors Papers

My study will aim at revealing the role of system authors in creating and maintaining catalogue systems for museum collections. These systems, created to organize, structure, and keep track of the material in a museum collection, often hold the theoretical autograph of the people involved in their conception, and are "artifacts in their own right" (Southwood 2003:105). As a result, Kaplan notes, "any residual claims of innocence and objectivity are completely unfounded" (Kaplan 2002:211). To demonstrate, this paper will look extensively at the catalogue systems and reorganizations that have affected the Ethnographic Collection at Oberlin College since its codification in …

Archeological Testing Of Sites 41gd113 And 41gd114 In Goliad County, Texas, Russell D. Greaves, Jason D. Weston

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological testing of two previously identified prehistoric archeological sites in Goliad County, Texas, was performed by the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio. Testing examined 41GD113 and 41GD114 to determine their potential eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and whether they warranted designation as State Archeological Landmarks (SAL) . The work was performed for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) on July 24–August 2, 2002. Archeological testing was performed in relation to a proposed highway realignment to avoid the Noble Cemetery currently adjacent U.S. Highway 59. These investigations …

The Crabb Site (41tt650), A Prehistoric Caddo Site On Tankersley Creek, Titus County, Texas, Bo Nelson, Marty Crabb, Timothy K. Perttula, Leeannaa Schniebs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this article, we discuss the archaeological findings at the Crabb site (411T650), a prehistoric Caddo settlement on an upland remnant/knoll in the Tankersley Creek floodplain in Titus County, Texas. Tankersley Creek is one of the principal tributaries of Big Cypress Creek, and it flows south past the Crabb site to merge with the larger creek a few miles downstream. This part of Titus County is in the Pineywoods, an area with abundant moisture and a warm, moderate climate in modem times, with an overstory vegetation of pines and a variety of hardwoods (principally several species of oaks and hickory). …

The South Lilly #4 Site (41ur279), Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters, Leeannaa Schniebs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The South Lilly #4 site was discovered in early 2003 by Bo Nelson during a survey of portions of the South Lilly Creek valley in Upshur County, Texas. During the course of his survey he recorded 13 prehistoric archeological sites on the north side of the valley,just upstream from the FM 556 crossing of South Lilly Creek. No archaeological sites had been previously known or recorded along this stretch of the valley, but his survey made it apparent that there was a high density of prehistoric sites along this creek, a tributary to Big Cypress Creek.

Nelson noted that several …

41sm195a, The Browning Site, Mark Walters, Phil Dering, Timothy K. Perttula, Leeannaa Schniebs, Marilyn B. Shoberg, Betty Inman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A surface collection of early 19"' century historic sherds led to archaeological investigations in 2002 and 2003 at the Browning site (41SM195A) in eastern Smith County, Texas. My interest was whetted by mention in the original land abstract that the property had once been deeded to the Cherokee Indians. In all, a total of 6.5 cubic meters of archaeological deposits was excavated at the site, including 22 shovel tests and 10 1 x 1 m test units, and fine-screen and flotation samples were taken from a prehistoric midden deposit identified during the work. As a result, 1075 prehistoric and historic …

Certain Caddo Sites In The Ouachita Mountains Of Southwestern Arkansas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In the last few years, we have had the opportunity to study a number of prehistoric Caddo Indian sites in the Ouachita Mountains of southwestern Arkansas through conducting archeological surveys of more than 2700 acres at three lakes constructed and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District. The three lakes are DeGray Lake on the Caddo River, Lake Ouachita on the Ouachita River, and Lake Greeson on the Little Missouri River.

Our purpose in this article is to summarize the archeological character of the prehistoric Caddo sites in these three different parts of the Ouachita Mountains. We …

Book Reviews: Tribal Cultural Resource Management: The Full Circle To Stewardship, Robert Cast

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

With only ten chapters, Tribal Cultural Resource Management provides model strategies of what it takes to properly “manage” cultural resources. Although it is geared toward tribal governments and creating the right combination of preservation and protection of their culture, don’t let the title fool you, this book is for any person who has a responsibility as a land manager. Those currently involved in Cultural Resource Management (CRM) work should give this book a close read. Off hand, I can think of several federal agencies, especially those operating without Cultural Resource Management Plans, who could truly benefit from following the practical …

A Spatial Analysis Approach To Understanding Caddoan Mounds In The Arkansas River Drainage, Gregory Vogel

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this article I present a theoretical framework for understanding Caddoan mounds in the central Arkansas River drainage and the implications they may hold for the social structure and environmental adaptations of the people who made them. The power and efficiency of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modeling now allows for large-scale, computationally intensive spatial analysis simply not possible before. Questions of landscape organization or spatial relationships that previously would have taken months or even years to answer can now be solved in a matter of minutes with GIS and related technologies, given the appropriate datasets. Quite importantly, though, such analyses …

41sm195a, The Browning Site, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A surface collection of early 19th century historic sherds led to archeological investigations in 2002 and 2003 at the Browning site (41SM195A) in Smith County, Texas. My interest was whetted by mention in the original land abstract that the property had once been deeded to the Cherokee. In all, a total of 6.5 cubic meters was excavated, including twenty-two shovel tests and 10 1 x 1 m test units, and a fine-screen sample was taken from the midden. As a result, 1076 prehistoric and historic artifacts were recovered, along with new information about the Woodland period archeology in this part …

Excavation Of An Earth Mound, Bowie County, Texas, A. T. Jackson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This large artificial mound is known as Site ET-30, A.J. Hatchel place [41BW3], Bowie County. The mound, located on what seems to be an old channel of Red River about one mile from the present stream, is part of an extensive village, perhaps related to other mound and village groups within a radius of three miles. The entire area, containing nine or more mounds, shows evidence of long-continued occupation by fairly large numbers of people. Judging from its size, and the surrounding indications of a large village, this particular mound may have been the early cultural center of the region. …

San Antonio Mission Trails Statewide Transportation Enhancement Project Volume I, Diane A. Cargill, Barbara A. Meissner, Anne A. Fox, I. Waynne Cox

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report represents the first volume detailing the results of archeological and archival investigations associated with the San Antonio Mission Trails Project. The project consists of a system of hike-and-bike trails under development by the City of San Antonio. Its purpose of the trails is to connect the Alamo with the four other Spanish Colonial missions in San Antonio. The project is divided into five packages or phases. Only the first four phases include archeological investigations. Because the project is estimated to last several years, rather than waiting for the completion of the entire project before issuing the report of …