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Full-Text Articles in Art and Design

More-Than-Human Fluid Speculations, Paulina Yurman Jun 2022

More-Than-Human Fluid Speculations, Paulina Yurman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper shares speculative questions and ideas that emerged from considerations about bodily fluids and other related fluids as materials used for drawing and as materials related to the subject of a drawing. Partly informed by post-humanist perspectives that view human agency as entangled with other non-human material agencies, this paper presents short experiments in drawing that have prompted reflections about the ways in which knowledge is partial, situated and influenced by other forms of knowledge.

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Design Experiments For A Development Organisation In The Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, Simone Mello Pereira Uriartt, Sine Celik, Peter Lloyd Jun 2022

Design Experiments For A Development Organisation In The Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, Simone Mello Pereira Uriartt, Sine Celik, Peter Lloyd

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In the midst of climate change, and the need to seek more sustainable ways of living, design is increasingly tackling problems at a societal level. This paper reflects on a strategic design project at a Brazilian foundation focused on sustainable development in the Amazon rainforest region. In this study, we asked what contributions design can bring to organisations involved in addressing development issues. The paper describes several experiments and strategies to make it tangible to non-designers how a design-led process unfolds and how design can support the organisation's efforts in delivering value to the communities they serve. The case study …

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A Case Of Design-Enabled Public Policy Formulation Process, Diana Pamela Villa Alvarez, Valentina Auricchio, Marzia Mortati Jun 2022

A Case Of Design-Enabled Public Policy Formulation Process, Diana Pamela Villa Alvarez, Valentina Auricchio, Marzia Mortati

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Governments are increasingly applying design practices to address public challenges. While the study of these practices evidences their utility for designing public services, the specific design activities and their value for policy formulation are rather unclear. To shed light in this direction, this paper presents a case study on the collaboration of LABgobar and SENASA in reforming the Bovine Tuberculosis regulations in Argentina. By analysing the project’s documentation and interviewing project members, this study illustrates design practices that complement traditional policy formulation processes. These practices include methods for problem understanding and reframing, idea generation, and collaborative policy prototyping. Interestingly, these …

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Deep Products Via Undisciplined Stewardship: Towards An Environmentally-Led Design Pedagogy For The 21st Century, Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall Jun 2022

Deep Products Via Undisciplined Stewardship: Towards An Environmentally-Led Design Pedagogy For The 21st Century, Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designers are envisioning new typologies of products aiming for instance to ex-tract CO2 from the environment or creating products from landfill waste, in this context a fundamental question arises; what could be a philosophical framework for a subtractive practise in design? In this paper the notion of Deep Products is introduced by building from notions of Deep ecology, Deep Design, and steward-ship. This theoretical proposition addresses the design of products from a life-cycle perspective through contemporary notions of subtraction-by-design. The model presented transitions design to a model demanding extended projects considering every aspect of the life-cycle of products, from inception …

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Explore Industrial Design Pedagogy Under The Pandemic In The Us, Jinlong Yuan, Yumeng Xie, Kenneth Brooks Jun 2022

Explore Industrial Design Pedagogy Under The Pandemic In The Us, Jinlong Yuan, Yumeng Xie, Kenneth Brooks

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Due to Covid -19 pandemic, industrial design educators were forced out of their comfort zone and instructed students in an online environment with limited preparation and experience. Therefore, research in online design education has become a booming topic. Design educators are required to rethink and re-evaluate the post-pandemic model of industrial design education. To better understand industrial design educators' online teaching experiences, expectations, challenges, and issues during the pandemic, this exploratory study interviewed eight industrial design faculties who had taught design studios during their past careers and the pandemic period. Interview data were analyzed using five signature design pedagogy as …

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From Wine Tasting To Materials Sensorial Perception: A Framework For Materials Experience, Niki Boukouvala, Spyros Bofylatos Jun 2022

From Wine Tasting To Materials Sensorial Perception: A Framework For Materials Experience, Niki Boukouvala, Spyros Bofylatos

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper puts forward a novel approach to study material experience leaning on the wine tasting protocols. The framework proposed in this paper aims to help new (biofabricated and non-biofabricated) "growing" and "living" materials make a good name out of themselves by deploying all their unique sensorial qualities in a more poetic manner. We believe that adopting wine tasting philosophy and techniques in the field of (aesthetic) materials experience and the synthesis of a materials experience lexicon will enable the commercialization process of new materials. We identify three layers of the material experience and point to how adapting the wine …

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Designing Digital Health For Hip Osteoarthritis Self-Care In Brazil: A Study On Patients’ Socioeconomic Profile And Media Preferences, Sara Goldchmit, Katarina Tsuzuki, Marcelo Queiroz, Nayra Rabelo, Walter Ricioli Junior, Giancarlo Polesello Jun 2022

Designing Digital Health For Hip Osteoarthritis Self-Care In Brazil: A Study On Patients’ Socioeconomic Profile And Media Preferences, Sara Goldchmit, Katarina Tsuzuki, Marcelo Queiroz, Nayra Rabelo, Walter Ricioli Junior, Giancarlo Polesello

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Digital health has a great potential to promote predictive, personalised, preventive, and participatory care while also reducing in-person visits to medical services. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder and a leading cause of disabilities worldwide. Health literacy is crucial to cope with pain and mobility limitations. However, in the Brazilian context, trusty information about OA is scarce, inadequate, or non-existent in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Knowing the audience is decisive in designing digital health solutions. This study aimed to collect data on SUS patients' socioeconomic status and media preferences. The results of 52 participants show the …

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Documenting New Design Ontologies, Tracy Manuel Jun 2022

Documenting New Design Ontologies, Tracy Manuel

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Ontological design — characterized by the understanding that what we design designs us — has been invoked as a necessary framing in redirecting the design discipline toward more pluralistic and sustainable ends. In this paper, I situate ongoing conversations about process documentation within emergent conversations surrounding ontological design, considering ways in which innovative documentation practices may support new ontological agendas. By considering process documentation as a hermeneutical, knowledge-making practice, I speculate ways that new, experimental modes of process documentation may afford designers — and design itself — new vantage points from which to (re)interpret design practice and the discipline writ …

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Towards A Lifecycle Of Design Methods, Jakob Clemen Lavrsen, Jaap Daalhuizen, Sara Dømler, Kristine Fisker Jun 2022

Towards A Lifecycle Of Design Methods, Jakob Clemen Lavrsen, Jaap Daalhuizen, Sara Dømler, Kristine Fisker

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As the design discipline is expanding and increasingly contributing to solving complex, socio-technical challenges in society, its role evolves alongside this expanding scope. A significant contribution of the design discipline is its methodologies and the expertise to facilitate transdisciplinary work in these complex innovation arenas. This emphasizes the importance of design methods and, at the same time, puts higher demands on their efficacy, robustness, and usability. However, there is a lack of understanding of the method development process, the standards and norms constituting high-quality design methods, as well as the transfer and use of these methods and how they impact …

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Exploring Bio-Based Materials In An Interdisciplinary Learning Environment –Outlining The Design Inquiry Cycle, Tarja-Kaarina Laamanen, Pirjo Kääriäinen Jun 2022

Exploring Bio-Based Materials In An Interdisciplinary Learning Environment –Outlining The Design Inquiry Cycle, Tarja-Kaarina Laamanen, Pirjo Kääriäinen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article focuses on a higher education learning environment that combines expertise in design and chemical engineering in the field of bio-based materials and in a framework of inquiry-based learning (IBL). During two summer schools, students framed their own small material projects in which they practised constraining the design task from a new perspective, with pedagogical support. In this study, we qualitatively analysed design students’ inquiry processes from their project reports. Based on this, we outlined a general five-phase inquiry process that followed three aims of the pedagogical framework. In the results section, we explain the process phases, using illustrative …

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Touch Ground: Introducing Design Inquiry In Higher Education, Guido Stompff, Manon Joosten, Andrea Prince, Marleen Claessens, Willy Geurts, Anja Köppchen Jun 2022

Touch Ground: Introducing Design Inquiry In Higher Education, Guido Stompff, Manon Joosten, Andrea Prince, Marleen Claessens, Willy Geurts, Anja Köppchen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In higher education, design thinking is often taught as a process. Yet design cognition resides in action and design practices. Dewey’s pragmatism offers a solid epistemology for design thinking. This paper describes a design research whereby Dewey’s inquiry served as the foundation for educating students. Three extensive educational case studies are presented whereby a design inquiry was introduced and became part of the curricula. It was found that students and coaches struggled with doubts experienced as a result of the co-evolution of problem and solution, means and ends. Four coping mechanisms were observed: (1) focus on problems, risking analysis paralysis; …

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Play Probe: An Approach That Reveals Emergent Identity Building In Youth, Line Gad Christiansen, Sune Klok Gudiksen Jun 2022

Play Probe: An Approach That Reveals Emergent Identity Building In Youth, Line Gad Christiansen, Sune Klok Gudiksen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores the gradual use and development of play probes as an approach to gain insights about young people and identity development. Recent studies, which are part of a larger research project, have suggested that play probes can be useful for professionals attempting to gain insights about young people. The approach can also provide participants with an enjoyable experience. The aim of this study was to identify the most important principles to consider when designing a play probe and which types of play triggers are most effective at producing insights about young people. An analysis of play probes revealed …

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A Participatory Approach In Urban Development: Co-Designing Resilient Coastal Neighbourhoods, Alazne Echaniz, Sine Celik, Pieter Ham Jun 2022

A Participatory Approach In Urban Development: Co-Designing Resilient Coastal Neighbourhoods, Alazne Echaniz, Sine Celik, Pieter Ham

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Urban development projects are complex processes that involve numerous stakeholders. Lately, urban design has gained a human-centred dynamic to be able to correspond to the needs and aspirations of the stakeholders that form the community. This paper proposes a participatory approach to bring the community to the centre of the design process. Through a case study conducted in the coastal areas of the Philippines, we take a closer look at how co-design can help tackle fragile living situations that emerge from challenging environmental and social conditions. First, future scenarios are co-created with residents in the form of visual summaries, boards …

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Incubating Civic Leadership In Design: The Role Of Cross-Pollination Spaces, Katerina Alexiou, Theodore Zamenopoulos, Vera Hale, Sophia De Sousa Jun 2022

Incubating Civic Leadership In Design: The Role Of Cross-Pollination Spaces, Katerina Alexiou, Theodore Zamenopoulos, Vera Hale, Sophia De Sousa

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper explores the hypothesis that access to places that enhance capabilities for co-design work across sectors, is an important vehicle for incubating and sup-porting civic leadership. More specifically, the paper reports insights from a study which created ‘cross-pollination’ spaces to bring together academic and non-academic individuals from different backgrounds, disciplines, and sectors to explore the notion of incubating civic leadership and to develop pop-up interventions to test ideas for incubating civic leadership in two locations in the UK. Drawing on the reflections of participants collected through group reflection spaces and through individual interviews, the study identifies a number of …

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Studio Through Studio: A Diffractive Reading Of The Educational Design Studio, James Corazzo Jun 2022

Studio Through Studio: A Diffractive Reading Of The Educational Design Studio, James Corazzo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article aims to unsettle familiar notions of the educational design studio by examining how it is different from the professional studio. Both settings share similar routines, practices, and physical features; however, I argue their operations differ in critical ways. By bringing attention to these differences, I hope to open up new perspectives on how learning happens in educational studios and make a case for further material and spatial accounts of learning. I will draw on empirical accounts of professional studios from the book Studio Studies. Wilkie and Farias identify the studio as a sociologically significant yet overlooked setting for …

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Toward A Method Of Psychological Ownership Mapping, Michelle Cedeño, Weston Baxter, Talya Porat, Joann Peck Jun 2022

Toward A Method Of Psychological Ownership Mapping, Michelle Cedeño, Weston Baxter, Talya Porat, Joann Peck

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The mental state in which an individual claims an object as theirs is called psychological ownership. Psychological ownership is associated with motives, routes, affordances, and outcomes directly linked to attachment. This research introduces a qualitative method for psychological ownership mapping. Ownership mapping seeks to explain the changes in a user’s psychological ownership of a target over time. Previous studies suggested conceptual pathways of ownership. This method extends current research on ownership as it offers a viable application. The method has been tested with over 100 students and is an easy, flexible, and adaptable to many different contexts. We believe that …

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Weaving With Design Research To Study Children’S Everyday Practices In Cancer Care Environments, Piet Tutenel, Stefan Ramaekers, Ann Heylighen Jun 2022

Weaving With Design Research To Study Children’S Everyday Practices In Cancer Care Environments, Piet Tutenel, Stefan Ramaekers, Ann Heylighen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Children affected by cancer often require repeated hospitalisations. The impact of the material hospital environment on children's well-being receives growing attention across various disciplines. Yet, because of their ‘double vulnerability’ – being children and being ill – young people affected by cancer are less considered as direct research participants. We set out to put the experiences of these children at the centre of attention. To do justice to the complexity of their interactions with the material hospital environment, we brought together concepts and insights from childhood studies; scholarship in anthropology and philosophy; theories on materiality; and design research; and combined …

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Identifying Problem Frames In Design Conversation, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah Jun 2022

Identifying Problem Frames In Design Conversation, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd, Almila Akdag Salah

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design thinking concepts such as framing, storytelling, and co-evolution, have been widely identified as part of design activity though generally have been evidenced from manual coding of design conversations and close reading of transcripts. The increase in easy-to-use computational linguistic methodologies provides an opportunity not only to validate these concepts, but compare them to other kinds of activity in large datasets. However, the process of systematically identifying such concepts in design conversation is not straightforward. In this paper we explore methods of linguistic analysis for revealing problem frames within design process transcripts. We find that frames can be identified through …

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Articulating Theories Of Change Towards More Just And Transformative Design Practices, Hillary Carey, Madeline Sides, Erica Dorn Jun 2022

Articulating Theories Of Change Towards More Just And Transformative Design Practices, Hillary Carey, Madeline Sides, Erica Dorn

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In any collaborative change-making process, team members hold individual, and often differing, ideas about how change happens. These ideas may address whether to work top-down or bottom-up, what leverage points are to be targeted, or who should be involved in the work, in what capacity, and when. If these differences in perspectives are not examined and discussed, they can lead to conflicting actions, lessen positive impact, and may even do harm. Mapping “Theories of Change” is an approach that has been used to clarify strategies for initiating change across many sectors. Yet, when it comes to complex design engagements, we …

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An Analysis Of Master's In Industrial Design Theses At Us Land-Grant Universities: A Systematic Literature Review, Byungsoo Kim, Hernan Gregorio Jun 2022

An Analysis Of Master's In Industrial Design Theses At Us Land-Grant Universities: A Systematic Literature Review, Byungsoo Kim, Hernan Gregorio

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study systematically reviewed recent (2016-2021) Industrial Design (ID) master theses and final projects at U.S. land grant universities to understand the trend of ID graduate program outcomes from the selected universities. The process consisted of 1) framing questions for a review, 2) identifying relevant works, 3) assessing the quality of studies, 4) summarizing the evidence, and 5) interpreting the findings. This paper presents the findings of the study, including thesis/final project research types, the diversity of committees, fields of design influences that the thesis/final project contribute to, types of outcomes, and the utilized research methodologies. Furthermore, the author discusses …

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Long-Lasting Smart Products: Overview Of Longevity Concepts In Sustainable Ict And Design For Sustainability, Ayşegül Özçelik, Markus Löchtefeld, Christian Tollestrup Jun 2022

Long-Lasting Smart Products: Overview Of Longevity Concepts In Sustainable Ict And Design For Sustainability, Ayşegül Özçelik, Markus Löchtefeld, Christian Tollestrup

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designing longer lasting smart products need a longevity understanding that is informed by both Sustainable ICT and design for sustainability. By conducting a literature review in both areas, we are able to identify longevity related concepts. We briefly outline these ideas in the two fields before discussing their relationships to reveal how they can contribute to one another. By nourishing the viewpoint from both sides, we broaden our understanding of longevity. We conclude our research by highlighting the gaps that (1) there is a need for applicable coping strategies for smart products, (2) a fair division of responsibilities between the …

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A Theoretical Model For Studying Design Inquiry In A Real-World Context, Dave Hawey Jun 2022

A Theoretical Model For Studying Design Inquiry In A Real-World Context, Dave Hawey

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Schön's contribution is significant in defining and understanding design inquiry, though he wrote little about its socio-cultural aspects, as Dewey initially intended. While ethnographic research has provided insight into the socio-cultural aspects of designers' inquiry, it poses several methodological challenges for observing designers in action in real-world contexts. In reference to pragmatist theories of design and professional action, this article proposes a theoretical model for qualitatively observing and analyzing designers' inquiry in real- world contexts. The model aims to capture design inquiry in a richer and more holistic way, by including its socio-cultural aspects. The model serves as a collection …

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Usability Testing With Children: History Of Best Practices, Comparison Of Methods & Gaps In Literature, Andria Banker, Carlye Lauff Jun 2022

Usability Testing With Children: History Of Best Practices, Comparison Of Methods & Gaps In Literature, Andria Banker, Carlye Lauff

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is a systematized literature review centered on the best practices of usability testing with children, when they are the target end user in product development. The paper begins with a brief history of usability testing with children during the prototyping stage of product development. Following, the methodology guiding this literature review is described. Then, guidelines for usability testing with children provided by past research are outlined in chronological order, documented to show the evolution of changes or improvements in the practices over time. Additionally, most of the approaches to usability (as part of evaluative research) have been identified …

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Ceci N’Est Pas Une Chaise: Emerging Practices In Designer-Ai Collaboration, Vera Van Der Burg, Almila Akdag Salah, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd Jun 2022

Ceci N’Est Pas Une Chaise: Emerging Practices In Designer-Ai Collaboration, Vera Van Der Burg, Almila Akdag Salah, Senthil Chandrasegaran, Peter Lloyd

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Emerging practices of using ‘off the shelf’ AI as a creative partner in design processes are receiving increasing attention in design research. This paper takes the well-known concept of ‘framing’ in design, along with the Schönian concept of ‘surprise’ to explore how a human-AI dialogue could work. The approach taken is practice-based, with the human designer documenting her process of inquiry and decision making. We show how artificial creativity is expressed through misfiring object detection algorithms, and further how these ‘mistakes’ can be perceived and interpreted by the human designer. The contribution of the research is in laying the foundations …

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Redefining The Structure: A Design For Remote Studio Learning, Suzanne E. Martin Jun 2022

Redefining The Structure: A Design For Remote Studio Learning, Suzanne E. Martin

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Paula Antonelli stated that it was up to designers to teach the world how to use them well. Taking a change-led, research-led perspective on design learning, could encourage future designers “to exercise the acute critical sense that comes from their analytical training in order to help other citizens slow down, stop, reassess, and continue or change course.” (Antonelli, 2019). The sector, and discipline, has a propensity toward disaggregation, to operate as silos that are defined by their distinction. This paper sets out and discusses a Design Case, a Restorative Learning Thing, as an model for how remote design studio learning …

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Improving Our Understanding Of User Trial Samples Using Survey Data, Anya Petyaeva, Joy Goodman-Deane, Mike Bradley, Sam Waller, John Clarkson Jun 2022

Improving Our Understanding Of User Trial Samples Using Survey Data, Anya Petyaeva, Joy Goodman-Deane, Mike Bradley, Sam Waller, John Clarkson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

User trials provide valuable information on how users respond to interfaces in practice. However, it can be hard to ensure a representative sample. We propose a methodology to improve the understanding of the sample’s skew and to identify the characteristics of those who are missing. This can improve the interpretation of results and inform further recruitment to improve the sample. The methodology involves comparing samples with survey data from the UK population on technology experience, competence and attitudes. We provide a case study of this methodology in practice. 30 participants were recruited using quota sampling with significant effort to obtain …

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Restrategizing For The Post-Pandemic Era: Service Design For Digital Transformation In The Art And Cultural Sector, Anu Norrgrann, Miia Lammi, Srushti Shah Jun 2022

Restrategizing For The Post-Pandemic Era: Service Design For Digital Transformation In The Art And Cultural Sector, Anu Norrgrann, Miia Lammi, Srushti Shah

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores the challenges of entrepreneurs and organisations within the art and cultural fields in meeting the challenges of digital transformation. Drawing on a multidisciplinary conceptual framework, and a qualitative empirical investigation comprising four case studies, which illuminate how cultural field organisations and entrepreneurs have adapted to the market disruption caused by the Covid19-pandemic through digital service innovation means, we propose a model for a four stage service design programme, which links design methods as concrete development tools for assisting companies develop innovative digital services and restrategise in post-pandemic markets.

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Liberatory Legal Design And Radical Imagination, Hallie Jay Pope Jun 2022

Liberatory Legal Design And Radical Imagination, Hallie Jay Pope

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper briefly summarizes the concept of radical imagination, urges legal designers, advocates, and organizers to engage in radical imagination whenever confronting problems of subordination, and suggests a practical, playful method for doing so.

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Designing Data Interaction In Exhibitions Contexts, Lorenza Abbate, Cristina Marino Jun 2022

Designing Data Interaction In Exhibitions Contexts, Lorenza Abbate, Cristina Marino

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Nowadays, the primary purpose of information representation is to support users in understanding complex phenomena. Avoiding the 'black hole between data and knowledge" means research tools and methods that help people experience and benefit from this data. Through the analysis of case studies, the contribution aims to provide an overview of existing data visualization and physicalization techniques that enable participatory processes with users. This contribution focuses on interactive data visualizations, particularly on installations in museums, exhibitions or events that involve the user in an active and participatory way. These types of activities offer a simple but effective way to make …

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Social Design As Normative Inquiry, Patrycja Kaszynska Jun 2022

Social Design As Normative Inquiry, Patrycja Kaszynska

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper gives a stipulative definition of social design. It argues that there is a distinctive field of design practice, and design practice research that can be labelled ‘social design’ but that this distinctiveness cannot be spelled out directly in terms of the relation between design and the social, which has been the dominant view up till now. Rather, social design is defined in terms of the kind of knowledge production that it is – as a form of situational normative inquiry. This means that it is conducted empirically by responding to problems identified in specific situations and according to …

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