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Articles 8881 - 8910 of 36597

Full-Text Articles in Art and Design

Data-Painting: Expressive Free-Form Visualisation, Miriam Sturdee, Soren Knudsen, Sheelagh Carpendale Jun 2022

Data-Painting: Expressive Free-Form Visualisation, Miriam Sturdee, Soren Knudsen, Sheelagh Carpendale

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Data visualization can be powerful in enabling us to make sense of complex data. Expressive data representation – where individuals have control over the nature of the output – is hard to incorporate into existing frameworks and techniques for visualization. The power of informal, rough, expressive sketches in working out ideas is well documented. This points to an opportunity to better understand how expressivity can exist in data visualization creation. We explore the expressive potential of Data Painting through a study aimed at improving our understanding of what people need and make use of in creating novel examples of data …

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Towards A Quieter Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Current Approaches And Design Opportunities, Simone Spagnol, Núria Viñas Vila, Almila Akdag Salah, Tom Goos, Irwin Reiss, Elif Özcan Jun 2022

Towards A Quieter Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Current Approaches And Design Opportunities, Simone Spagnol, Núria Viñas Vila, Almila Akdag Salah, Tom Goos, Irwin Reiss, Elif Özcan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Recent studies show that the well-being of patients and the performance of healthcare professionals in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are severely affected by the amount of auditory alarms and sound nuisance. This paper presents a semi-systematic review on the topic of environmental sound in the NICU, where current themes, insights, and limitations are highlighted. Furthermore, it outlines the results of an observation of the NICU environment and an interview with nurses at Erasmus Medical Center, in order to understand the users, their context, and the technology that can enable design interventions. The insights gathered from the literature and …

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The Politics Of Metadesign, Christian Nold Jun 2022

The Politics Of Metadesign, Christian Nold

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This is a conceptual paper that explores the notion of metadesign which is premised on redesigning design itself. It interrogates the claim that metadesign is ‘open’, ‘fluid’ and ‘democratising’ by analysing its literature and practices. The paper makes two arguments. First, that metadesign is a theoretical power grab that prioritises language at the expense of material design which separates it from other design approaches. Second, that metadesign currently does not offer conceptual tools for observing and analysing the politics of real-world metadesign. If metadesign wants to be a democratising force, then it needs to question its legacy of transcendent language …

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Living With Living Artefacts: Six Concepts For Designing User Acceptance Of Living Artefacts, Simone Van Den Broek, Alwin De Rooij, Michel Van Dartel Jun 2022

Living With Living Artefacts: Six Concepts For Designing User Acceptance Of Living Artefacts, Simone Van Den Broek, Alwin De Rooij, Michel Van Dartel

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Bio-designers are exploring how living organisms can become vital aspects of the design and use of an artefact. These new living artefacts have qualities, needs, design opportunities and relationships with the user that differ from nonliving artefacts. To design for user acceptance of living artefacts into daily life, designers must develop an understanding for why a user wishes to live with living artefacts. This starts with an understanding of why humans have been living with other living beings throughout history. These reasons have been examined through a semi-systematic review of literature across diverse research fields. Qualitative thematic analysis suggests that …

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Dynamic Learning: A Learner-Centered Paradigm In Art And Design, Delane Ingalls Vanada, Delane Ingalls Vanada Jun 2022

Dynamic Learning: A Learner-Centered Paradigm In Art And Design, Delane Ingalls Vanada, Delane Ingalls Vanada

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is a critical need for training students to think critically, creatively, and practi-cally. Traditional art and design education classrooms, more focused on end prod-ucts, do not foster students’ abilities for inquiry and connection making and are miss-ing opportunities to develop the capacities of tomorrow’s change makers and prob-lem solvers. From a systems-thinking approach, this article discusses the importance of teacher pedagogy and process skills as important underlying drivers in developing’ learning power. Fostering students’ integrated, self-directed, and dynamic learning requires a more learner-centered paradigm. It reports on a mixed model research study conducted in middle school art and design …

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Towards A Framework For Designing Technology With Country: A Perspective From Australia, Siena White, Luke Hespanhol Jun 2022

Towards A Framework For Designing Technology With Country: A Perspective From Australia, Siena White, Luke Hespanhol

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Lifestyles, principles and methods adopted by First Nations peoples have attracted increased interest from non-Indigenous researchers and professionals. Following greater awareness about the destructive effects of colonization on sustainable pre-colonial ways of living that thrived for millennia, a growing movement towards understanding of Indigenous ways of relating to Country has led to questions about culturally and environmentally appropriate approaches to design digital systems, technologies, services, and products. In this paper, we investigate recently emerging frameworks for design with Country identified from the literature, compiling a list of 40 precepts and 15 principles to inform our interaction design process. Furthermore, we …

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Illuminating Themes And Narratives In Studio Through Expert Elicitation And Collaborative Autoethnography, Lorraine Marshalsey, Nicole Lotz Jun 2022

Illuminating Themes And Narratives In Studio Through Expert Elicitation And Collaborative Autoethnography, Lorraine Marshalsey, Nicole Lotz

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The studio remains central to design education as a shared place, practice and even concept. And yet studio persists as an ill-defined entity: a complex puzzle composed of thousands of diverse jigsaw parts constructed by teachers and students, with no definitive list of parts. Given this background, it was opportune to review the landscape of studio, both in terms of research and practice. In 2020, this study brought together an invited collective of design educators from the USA, Australia, UK, Sweden, Spain, Iran, and Germany, experienced in the research and operation of design studios in education to explore these issues. …

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Fostering Resilience: The Potential Of Design To Support Strategic Agility, Olivia Harre, Luca Simeone, Cathrine Seidelin Jun 2022

Fostering Resilience: The Potential Of Design To Support Strategic Agility, Olivia Harre, Luca Simeone, Cathrine Seidelin

DRS Biennial Conference Series

‘Strategic agility’– i.e., how organizations can strategically plan and cope with uncertainty through a continuous tuning, monitoring, and re-balancing of their operations – has been characterized as a critical component to foster organizational resilience. This paper aims at investigating whether and how design can support organizations to acquire greater strategic agility. Our analysis is grounded in a case of a globally operating software company that has recently established a design team and introduced design methods in its development processes. The paper shows how design favoured processes that are generally linked to strategic agility (distancing, anticipating, reframing, experimenting, decoupling, and dialoguing). …

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An Analysis Of Design Maturity Models Used In Design Organizations, Nandhini Giri, Erik Stolterman Jun 2022

An Analysis Of Design Maturity Models Used In Design Organizations, Nandhini Giri, Erik Stolterman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Maturity models are structures that help assess key performance metrics and provide guidelines for assessment and growth in various areas of an organization. In this paper we review some of the significant design maturity frameworks that are used by practitioners in design organizations. The field of design is ramifying with emerging forms of design practice and requires a need to study maturity models from the perspective of practitioners in design organizations. The pandemic has disrupted normal organizational operations forcing practitioners to discuss the need for maturity models in workplaces that follow the new normal. This necessitates a review of significant …

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Service Design For Experience In Forest Therapy: A Case Study In Xitou Nature Education Area, Ti-Yu Su, Hsien-Hui Tang, Shu-Yi Chen Jun 2022

Service Design For Experience In Forest Therapy: A Case Study In Xitou Nature Education Area, Ti-Yu Su, Hsien-Hui Tang, Shu-Yi Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Forest therapy is a way of connecting with nature to promote physical and mental health. With 60% of its land covered in forest, Taiwan is an ideal prospect for such a program. However, most forest therapy services are ill-developed and unsustainable in Taiwan. To address this issue, we first conducted semi-structured interviews of administrators and customers in Xitou Nature Education Area, a forest area with great potential for forest therapy in Taiwan, to explore the context and existing problems. Second, we applied service design to produce a revamped forest therapy program that involved the integration of co-creation workshop and service …

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Australian Architectural Education In The Pluriverse, Daniel Huppatz, Kirsten Day Jun 2022

Australian Architectural Education In The Pluriverse, Daniel Huppatz, Kirsten Day

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Among the design disciplines, architectural education in Australia has a unique con-straint: accreditation. On the one hand, competency requirements by accrediting bod-ies potentially limit an educator’s autonomy and curriculum development. On the oth-er, competencies define and regulate a profession by ensuring standard knowledge and skills. In this paper, we analyse the pedagogical and professional impacts of the 2021 “National Standard of Competencies” for Australian architects, particularly the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge for the first time. Together with the recent Indige-nous Design Charter – Communication Design, these competencies signal a shift in Australian architectural and design education that suggests a vision …

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Ontogenesis As A Model For Design Processes, Otto Paans Jun 2022

Ontogenesis As A Model For Design Processes, Otto Paans

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The technical rationality (TR) and reflective practice (RP) paradigms have heavily influenced thinking about design and design cognition in the 20th century. This paper concisely highlights some of the features and limitations of these paradigms. In particular, it develops the suggestion that we require a new “root metaphor” or leading set of concepts to develop our thinking about designing beyond the work of Donald Schön. Building on this assumption, this paper examines some useful aspects of selected concepts developed by Gilbert Simondon, in particular the notion of ontogenesis. Furthermore, it is argued that Simondon’s thought helps us to connect epistemology …

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Designing For Dementia: An Analysis Of Design Principles, Rik Wesselink, Geke Ludden, Marike Hettinga, Berry Eggen Jun 2022

Designing For Dementia: An Analysis Of Design Principles, Rik Wesselink, Geke Ludden, Marike Hettinga, Berry Eggen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designing for people with dementia requires a tailored approach that addresses the specific complexities related to dementia. Design principles can provide guidance for designing in this complex context. Work in this field discusses recommendations, guidelines, or principles to design for dementia. However, this information is scattered and a clear overview of design principles, that designers can apply, is missing. In this paper we propose a set of design principles that is grounded in existing literature on designing for people with dementia. We first explore and analyse design recommendations that are described in related work. Next, we merge them into 10 …

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Learning From Creative Biology: Promoting Transdisciplinarity Through Vocabularies Of Practice, Larissa Pschetz, Carolina Ramirez-Figueroa, Joe Revans Jun 2022

Learning From Creative Biology: Promoting Transdisciplinarity Through Vocabularies Of Practice, Larissa Pschetz, Carolina Ramirez-Figueroa, Joe Revans

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Transdisciplinary ways of collaborating are considered essential to support new approaches to tackling societal and environmental “wicked” problems. But how can collaborations take place in ways that reach this envisioned state? In this work, we look for cues of transdisciplinarity in the experience of those with a successful track record of working across disciplines. We interviewed 38 practitioners and researchers working in “creative biology”, an umbrella term that we use to address work that incorporates biology-related methods and research outside purely scientific realms. The interviews provide insights into how language can be used to support strategic shifts of positionality and …

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Locked Down With Abusers: Designing For The Dignity And Autonomy Of Domestic Violence Survivors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Miso Kim, Dan Jackson, Jules Sievert, Morgan Wilson Jun 2022

Locked Down With Abusers: Designing For The Dignity And Autonomy Of Domestic Violence Survivors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Miso Kim, Dan Jackson, Jules Sievert, Morgan Wilson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The COVID-19 pandemic and national quarantine requirements exacerbated domestic violence, as survivors had to stay at home with their abusers with limited access to communication channels or resources for help. In this project, a team of lawyers, designers, and technologists collaborated to assist a domestic violence clinic at a law school to design services to help student attorneys and advocates to better connect with domestic violence survivors who sought legal help during the pandemic. The aim of this service was to support the domestic violence survivors with remote assistance, such as remote intake, a safe means of collecting information, and …

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‘Making The Dust Fly’: (A Case Study Of) Design Research Promoting Health And Sustainability In Addressing Household Infections, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Collins Ahorlu, Andy Darby, Roger Pickup, Dziedzom De Souza, Daniel Boakye Jun 2022

‘Making The Dust Fly’: (A Case Study Of) Design Research Promoting Health And Sustainability In Addressing Household Infections, Emmanuel Tsekleves, Collins Ahorlu, Andy Darby, Roger Pickup, Dziedzom De Souza, Daniel Boakye

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Global health crisis, such as antimicrobial resistance, threaten planetary health, as they have a direct impact on the environment, as well as to humans and animals. Personal and environmental hygiene form the best and most natural ways of reducing home infections and hence the need to take antibiotics. Despite this our understanding of cleaning in the home and interventions on home cleaning are limited. In this paper we present a project, which combined design research with environmental microbiology, to address this issue and to co-design sustainable cleaning interventions for human and planetary health. We focus on the design of a …

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Differential Moral Framing And The Design Imagination, Philippe Gauthier, Sébastien Proulx Jun 2022

Differential Moral Framing And The Design Imagination, Philippe Gauthier, Sébastien Proulx

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The objective of this paper is to provide a proof of concept for a pedagogical apparatus aiming to foster moral education and reflection about the inner good of their practice among apprentice-designers. We designed this tool with the aim of helping students understand how modern moral pluralism imprints professional mores, and how particular conceptions of the good life may affect the way they envision and devise how the world should be (and how they ought to design it). Our tool comes in the form of a role-playing game based on different species of worth coexisting in modern democracies, and that …

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Enhancing Consumers’ Willingness To Repair Electronic Products: How Design Can Nudge Sustainable Behaviour, Renske Van Den Berge, Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge Jun 2022

Enhancing Consumers’ Willingness To Repair Electronic Products: How Design Can Nudge Sustainable Behaviour, Renske Van Den Berge, Lise Magnier, Ruth Mugge

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Product repair can decrease the ecological burden of consumer electronics by lengthening their lifetimes, but it is still too rarely practised by consumers. Design for behaviour change can motivate consumers to undertake repair activities. An increased level of repair self-efficacy can nudge consumers towards repair. In two experiments, we tested the effects of a fault indication on consumers’ willingness to repair washing machines, vacuum cleaners and stick vacuum cleaners. A fault indication is a signal appearing on a product providing information about the occurring failure. For products that are relatively less likely to be repaired by a repair professional, the …

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Camera-On/Camera-Off: Visibility In The Design Studio, James Benedict Brown Jun 2022

Camera-On/Camera-Off: Visibility In The Design Studio, James Benedict Brown

DRS Biennial Conference Series

What constitutes, defines or bounds the ‘studio’ in architecture education when it is wholly online? The design studio contributes to a very particular spatial con-struct in proximal teaching, one that has been challenged during the pandemic as educators have adopted distance and online learning and teaching. This paper presents a brief history of the design studio in architectural education and specu-lates about three dimensions of visibility therein. It contextualises the design studio against the broader higher education experiences of teaching online dur-ing the Covid-19 pandemic, in particular so-called ‘Zoom anxiety’ and ‘Zoom fa-tigue’ experienced by teachers and students. The paper …

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It’S Complicated: Dewey, Schön And Reflection-In-Action, Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci Jun 2022

It’S Complicated: Dewey, Schön And Reflection-In-Action, Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci

DRS Biennial Conference Series

While Schön’s work is prominent in design literature, some of its concepts stay unclear. In this paper we examine the distinctions Schön made in 1992 between “reflection-in-action” and “reflection on reflection-in-action” (or “conversation with the situation” and “reflective conversation with the situation”). To clarify the meaning of these two terms, we will refer to pragmatist philosophy, using Dewey’s work on inquiry and epistemology. Our results show that there is indeed a difference between the two expressions. Moreover, revisiting Dewey’s and Schön’s work allows for a new visual representation of the reflection-in-action process, which can then be used as a tool …

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Design Disciplines In The Age Of Climate Change: Systemic Views On Current And Potential Roles, Håkan Edeholt, Jomy Joseph Jun 2022

Design Disciplines In The Age Of Climate Change: Systemic Views On Current And Potential Roles, Håkan Edeholt, Jomy Joseph

DRS Biennial Conference Series

After working several years with industrial design as a tool for the kind of radical systemic change, climate change arguably requires; it now seems timely to discuss the systemic obstacles that make such a shift so hard to implement. Much at odds with current discourse, the article defends current design disciplinary skills by focusing on the tension between what designers tend to do for sustaining the present system vs. what designers could do to support transition to a radically different system and why the latter is so hard to achieve but still so urgently required. With the overarching question – …

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Walking In My Shoes: Creating A Toolkit For Co-Designing A Shared Vision For City Development, Monique De Costa, Nadia Anam, Jiayi Shi, Diego Muñoz, Sonja Pedell Jun 2022

Walking In My Shoes: Creating A Toolkit For Co-Designing A Shared Vision For City Development, Monique De Costa, Nadia Anam, Jiayi Shi, Diego Muñoz, Sonja Pedell

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research explores the creation of co-design methods that build and maintain long-term relationships in council development projects and engages in innovative design outcomes for the future of the city. A series of workshops were conducted with participants, including designers and urban planners. Stage 1 investigated mechanisms of building trust and understanding roles and responsibilities to test different relationship dynamics. Stage 2 explored activities suitable for dealing with innovation, negotiation, and shared planning to test innovative design outcomes. Findings show that relationship dynamics developed better through conversational activities than pure brainstorming, and that innovative outcomes were best generated through the …

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Designing For Dynamic Stability In An Uncertain World: A Media Content Study Of The Aviation Industry, Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema Jun 2022

Designing For Dynamic Stability In An Uncertain World: A Media Content Study Of The Aviation Industry, Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused radical restructuring of many industries including the aviation industry. Seeking a deeper understanding of how organizations are responding to this disruption, we use media content analysis of 331 news articles to extract approaches used in the aviation industry in response to Covid-19 and clustered them in six categories: research, reframe, repurpose, reimagine, redesign and resile (be resilient). We suggest that, taken collectively, these six approaches may provide a framework that companies might leverage to achieve dynamic stability – the ability of a system to return to steady state after a significant disturbance – as the …

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Design Innovation Strategy For An Iot Startup In Xiaomi Business Ecosystem: A Case Study Of Yeelight Technology, Jiao Song, Wei-Ken Hung, Lin-Lin Chen Jun 2022

Design Innovation Strategy For An Iot Startup In Xiaomi Business Ecosystem: A Case Study Of Yeelight Technology, Jiao Song, Wei-Ken Hung, Lin-Lin Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Through case study and in-depth interviews, this research investigated the devel-opment process of an IoT startup company—Yeelight Technologies—to gain insights about resources sharing and co-creation between an IoT smart hardware startup and the Xiaomi business ecosystem. The research findings show that during the life cycle of a start-up venture, certain cooperative strategies were employed to create partnerships to lower risks, to provide expertise transfer in a complementary fash-ion, and to create value while mitigating competition in the vulnerable start-up phase. The initial support in design expertise from Xiaomi played a vital and indis-pensable role for Yeelight in strengthen its design …

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Improvisational Design Dialogue: Exploring Relational Design Encounters As Means To Dismantle Oppression In Design, Brendon Clark, Nicholas B. Torretta Jun 2022

Improvisational Design Dialogue: Exploring Relational Design Encounters As Means To Dismantle Oppression In Design, Brendon Clark, Nicholas B. Torretta

DRS Biennial Conference Series

To explore dismantling oppressive power relations in design, we bring to fore design encounters through the lens of relationality and improvisational competence. This paper is based on the premise that, if we are to move toward decolonizing design, design(ers) needs to re-think the organization of the design encounter and how we as designers practice participation in such encounters. We emphasize the improvisational nature of turn-taking in dialogue amidst asymmetric and dynamic power relations, with design’s commitment to generating resources for future practices, and decolonization’s commitment to re-configure power structures. After problematizing the design encounter from a power relation perspective, we …

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James V Birnmann: The Potential Of Critical Design For Examining Legal Issues, Phoebe Walton Jun 2022

James V Birnmann: The Potential Of Critical Design For Examining Legal Issues, Phoebe Walton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The current approach of legal design is solution-driven, with design considered a series of methodological steps used to improve existing legal systems. Such an approach fails to address systemic problems within these systems, and can instead exacerbate such issues. So far, there has been insufficient examination into the kinds of design used in conjunction with legal problems. This paper considers the potential of critical design to challenge more fundamental issues than those currently addressed with legal design. Through the project ‘James v Birnmann’, the paper illustrates how critical design can widen the discussion around legal issues, challenging the public’s perception …

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Infrastructuring The Foundations For A Service-Dominant Orientation, Lourenço Viana Jun 2022

Infrastructuring The Foundations For A Service-Dominant Orientation, Lourenço Viana

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design has been identified as a transformational approach to help organisations build capabilities to become customer-centred and adopt a Service-Dominant Orientation. However, there’s a need to study how to develop the enabling structures that support and sustain these capabilities in time and at scale. This study explores how transformational work developed at a large international retailer helped develop the enabling structures that support these organisational level capabilities. The concept “infrastructuring” is proposed as a valid construct to analyse the ongoing strategic design work done to support the adoption of new practices and tools that will shape a new organisational logic …

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The Value Of Being Close: Social And Ecological Sustainability In Co-Living For Students, Sara Ilstedt, Martin Sjöman Jun 2022

The Value Of Being Close: Social And Ecological Sustainability In Co-Living For Students, Sara Ilstedt, Martin Sjöman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Sustainability challenges demands that we live smaller and more efficient in terms of re-sources and energy, at the same time, loneliness and mental unhealth are in-creasing among young people and students. One solution to both ecological and social sustain-ability is provided by coliving, where a small group of people share a home. Living in a shared home is an opportunity for friendship and sense of community but is also associated with frictions. This paper describes an interdisciplinary and experimental research project about coliving for students and particularly focuses on the social aspects and new practices of living together. We conclude …

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Ai In Design Idea Development: A Workshop On Creativity And Human-Ai Collaboration, Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli Jun 2022

Ai In Design Idea Development: A Workshop On Creativity And Human-Ai Collaboration, Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In a fast-paced society, AI systems can prove to be reliable teammates alongside human agents during the early stages of the design process, capable of helping to manage the increasing complexity of projects. Therefore, the introduction of AI systems into the design process is analysed according to the implications on the designer’s creativity and the kind of human-AI collaboration that is established, highlighting trust balance and the new role played by the designer. The main aspects covered by the study were tested in a workshop, in which continuous and discontinuous human-AI collaboration were compared. In the case of continuous collaboration, …

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Service Design In Organisational Change, Qian Sun Jun 2022

Service Design In Organisational Change, Qian Sun

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper reports an empirical study analysing 80 projects delivered by two leading service design agencies to understand the relevance and breadth of service design to organisational change. The analysis revealed two clearly divided camps of service design practice, playing different roles in organisational change and representing two distinct definitions of service design. Some projects evidenced that service design had the potential to move into the realm of transdisciplinary innovation and facilitate collaboration across boundaries and to engage various stakeholders in searching for solutions to complex problems. This makes service design practice of this kind acutely relevant in addressing the …

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