Signal Processing Commons^™

Early Forest Fire Detection Using Texture, Blob Threshold, And Motion Analysis Of Principal Components, Georges Fouad Moussa

Master's Theses

Forest fires constantly threaten ecological systems, infrastructure and human lives. The purpose behind this study is minimizing the devastating damage caused by forest fires. Since it is impossible to completely avoid their occurrences, it is essential to accomplish a fast and appropriate intervention to minimize their destructive consequences. The most traditional method for detecting forest fires is human based surveillance through lookout towers. However, this study presents a more modern technique. It utilizes land-based real-time multispectral video processing to identify and determine the possibility of fire occurring within the camera’s field of view. The temporal, spectral, and spatial signatures of …

Passive Ranging Using A Dispersive Spectrometer And Optical Filters, Jacob A. Martin

Theses and Dissertations

Monocular passive ranging using atmospheric oxygen absorption has been demonstrated in the past using an FTS. These instruments are very sensitive to vibration making them di cult to use on an airborne platform. This work focuses on whether passive ranging can be done with instruments that are easier to deploy. Two potential instruments are tested and compared: a diffraction grating spectrometer and optical filters. A grating spectrometer was able to estimate range to within 5% for a static solid rocket motor ring at a distance of 910 m using the NIR absorption band of oxygen. Testing at shorter ranges produced …

Noise Reduction With Microphone Arrays For Speaker Identification, Zachary Gideon Cohen

Master's Theses

The presence of acoustic noise in audio recordings is an ongoing issue that plagues many applications. This ambient background noise is difficult to reduce due to its unpredictable nature. Many single channel noise reduction techniques exist but are limited in that they may distort the desired speech signal due to overlapping spectral content of the speech and noise. It is therefore of interest to investigate the use of multichannel noise reduction algorithms to further attenuate noise while attempting to preserve the speech signal of interest.

Specifically, this thesis looks to investigate the use of microphone arrays in conjunction with multichannel …

Development And Implementation Of A Calibration Procedure For Complex Impedance Spectrum Measurements With Applications To Embedded Battery Health Monitoring And Management Systems, William H. Morrison

Master's Theses

Energy storage devices such as rechargeable Lithium ion batteries are assuming an increasingly prominent role in society, covering applications from electric / hybrid electric vehicles to personal portable electronics. In response to this increasing demand, technologies that monitor battery health and remaining useful life have developed. One such system is the Smart Battery Status Monitor (SBSM), developed by the Idaho National Laboratory, Montana Tech and Qualtech Systems, Inc. The SBSM utilizes impedance spectrum measurements using a subsystem called the Impedance Measurement Box (IMB). The impedance measurements are complex quantities (having both a resistive and a reactive component) and are made …

Resolution Study Of A Hyperspectral Sensor Using Computed Tomography In The Process Of Noise, Samuel V. Mantravadi

Theses and Dissertations

Recently, a new type of hyperspectral imaging sensor has been proposed which simultaneously records both spectral data and multiple spatial dimensions. Unlike dispersive imaging spectrometers, chromo-tomographic hyperspectral imaging sensors (CTHIS) record two spatial dimensions as well as a spectral dimension using computed tomography (CT) techniques with only a finite number of spatially-spectrally diverse images. To date, the factors affecting resolution of these sensors have not been examined. This research examines factors affecting resolution, specifically the number of the focus planes needed to resolve a particular object calculated from a theoretical lower bound, determine a method of reconstructing a hyperspectral object …

Towards The Mitigation Of Correlation Effects In The Analysis Of Hyperspectral Imagery With Extension To Robust Parameter Design, Jason P. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Standard anomaly detectors and classifiers assume data to be uncorrelated and homogeneous, which is not inherent in Hyperspectral Imagery (HSI). To address the detection difficulty, a new method termed Iterative Linear RX (ILRX) uses a line of pixels which shows an advantage over RX, in that it mitigates some of the effects of correlation due to spatial proximity; while the iterative adaptation from Iterative Linear RX (IRX) simultaneously eliminates outliers. In this research, the application of classification algorithms using anomaly detectors to remove potential anomalies from mean vector and covariance matrix estimates and addressing non-homogeneity through cluster analysis, both of …

Completely Recursive Least Squares And Its Applications, Xiaomeng Bian

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The matrix-inversion-lemma based recursive least squares (RLS) approach is of a recursive form and free of matrix inversion, and has excellent performance regarding computation and memory in solving the classic least-squares (LS) problem. It is important to generalize RLS for generalized LS (GLS) problem. It is also of value to develop an efficient initialization for any RLS algorithm.

In Chapter 2, we develop a unified RLS procedure to solve the unconstrained/linear-equality (LE) constrained GLS. We also show that the LE constraint is in essence a set of special error-free observations and further consider the GLS with implicit LE constraint in …

Energy Efficiency Analysis And Optimization On Mobile Video Wireless Delivery, Jianxin Sun

Department of Computer Electronics and Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Micro-electronic industry has been boosting the capability of wireless mobile devices on full-scale. However, battery, as the only power source of most mobile devices, is experiencing a relatively slow development. Therefore, how to optimally utilize the limited battery energy on mobile devices under a predefined performance requirement becomes a critical issue. On the other hand, it is still unclear that how the battery capacity consumption is allocated on different working pattern of a specific video codec under various tempo-spatial scales and parameters, which has posed a design challenge on power management on multimedia communication system. Furthermore, an optimization method is …

Influence Of The Listening Context On The Perceived Realism Of Binaural Recordings, Davide Andrea Mauro, Francesco Vitale

Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering Faculty Research

Binaural recordings and audio are becoming an interesting resource for composers, live performances and augmented reality. This paper focuses on the acceptance and the perceived quality by the audience of such spatial recordings. We present the results of a preliminary study of psychoacoustic perception where N=26 listeners had to report on the realism and the quality of different couples of sounds taken from two different rooms with peculiar reverb. Sounds are recorded with a self-made dummy head. The stimuli are grouped into classes with respects to some characteristics highlighted as potentially important for the task. Listening condition is fixed with …

Multi-Observation Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models For Anomaly Detection In Full Motion Video, Matthew P. Ross

Theses and Dissertations

An increase in sensors on the battlefield produces an abundance of collected data that overwhelms the processing capability of the DoD. Automated Visual Surveillance (AVS) seeks to use machines to better exploit increased sensor data, such as by highlighting anomalies. In this thesis, we apply AVS to overhead Full Motion Video (FMV). We seek to automate the classification of soldiers in a simulated combat scenario into their agent types. To this end, we use Multi-Dimensional Continuous Density Hidden Markov Models (MOCDHMMs), a form of HMM which models a training dataset more precisely than simple HMMs. MOCDHMMs are theoretically developed but …

Implementation Of Branch-Point-Tolerant Wavefront Reconstructor For Strong Turbulence Compensation, Michael J. Steinbock

Theses and Dissertations

Branch points arise in optical transmissions due to strong atmospheric turbulence, long propagation paths, or a combination of both. Unfortunately, these conditions are very often present in desired operational scenarios for laser weapon systems, optical communication, and covert imaging, which suffer greatly when traditional adaptive optics systems either cannot sense branch points or implement non-optimal methods for sensing and correcting branch points. Previous research by Pellizzari presented a thorough analysis of various novel branch point tolerant reconstructors in the absence of noise. In this research a realistic model of the Air Force Institute of Technology's adaptive optics system is developed …

Study Of Statistical And Computational Intelligence Methods Of Detecting Temporal Signature Of Forest Fire Heat Plume From Single-Band Ground-Based Infrared Video, Daniel G. Kohler

Master's Theses

This thesis will analyze video from land-based, cooled mid-wave infrared cameras to identify temporal features indicative of a heat plume from a forest fire. Desirable features and methods will show an ability to distinguish between heat plume movement and other movements, such as foliage, vehicles, humans, and birds in flight. Features will be constructed primarily using combinations of statistics and principal component analysis (PCA) with intent to detect key characteristics of fire and heat plume: persistence and growth. Several classification systems will combine and filter the features in an attempt to classify pixels as either heat or non-heat. The classification …

Digital Graphic Equalizer Implemented Using An Fpga, Anthony Giardina

Electrical Engineering

A graphic equalizer is a device that adjusts the tonal quality of an audio signal. When sound is converted from a digital format to analog sound waves, there are amplification and transducing steps in-between the two formats. Common devices to perform these tasks are speakers, amplifiers, DACs, etc. Many of these devices exhibit a non-uniform frequency response over the range of human hearing. Thus, it is possible that certain frequency ranges of the audio signal will be amplified and others will be attenuated. To counteract this, an audio equalizer can be used to boost and attenuate certain frequency ranges within …

802.15.4 Low Intermediate Frequency Radio Receiver, Sanjay Avasarala

Electrical Engineering

This project involves the design, building, and testing of a low intermediate frequency 802.15.4 receiver that uses an FPGA to perform final demodulation to baseband.

Hardware And Software Study Of Active Noise Cancellation, Riggi Aquino, Jacob Lincoln

Electrical Engineering

Noise cancellation involves removing an unwanted noise while keeping the source sound. The source sound may consist of speech, music played from a device such as an iPod or a computer, or no sound at all. The objective of this project is to study the process of noise cancellation both as hardware and as software. The hardware will consist of building a noise cancelling circuit that uses headphones as an output, a microphone to pick up the noise to be cancelled and, if desired, a source sound. The software portion of the experiment will use MATLAB to simulate the hardware …

An Overview Of Binary Arithmetic Architectures & Their Implementation In Dsp Systems, Joseph Waddell

Electrical Engineering

This project gives looks at different binary adder and multiplier architectures and how they are implemented in a DSP system as a digital filter. Testing is performed in the Digilent Nexys2 FPA board and filters are implemented using various realizations including normal direct form I and cascade direct forms I and II. Signal filtering is performed in real time at various frequencies and results are provided on an oscilloscope and with a stereo speaker.

"Auto-Tuned" Stereo, Daniel Montes

Electrical Engineering

The purpose of this project is to determine the capability of introducing delay and gain to audio signals to synthesize a “tuned” experience. The project uses audio operational amplifiers, field effect transistors, a class D amplifier, microphones, speakers, a 32-bit microcontroller for design and testing. When implementing the MOSFET into the all pass filter, the phase delay occurs by varying the transistor resulted in minimal change in phase. MOSFETs are used as variable resistors to vary the phase change and gain. By modifying the gain the synthesized distance from each speaker can be adjusted. Varying the phase change provides the …

Digital Guitar Effects Unit And Amplifier, Kevin Salvador

Electrical Engineering

This report outlines the design and implementation of a digital guitar effects unit and amplifier. The main portion of this project consisted of the digital equalizer and effects. Several commercial equalizers were researched in order to decide the typical frequency bands and average amount of bands total. Eventually 8 bands were selected. A range of approximately 20Hz-3kHz was chosen based on test data of guitar signals. Popular effects that were incorporated in this project include Distortion, Echo, Reverb, Chorus and Flanger. The digital processor chosen was a Texas Instruments c6713 floating point processor. Designs for the various filters were done …

Spectral Shape Division Multiplexing (Ssdm): Apparatus, Transmitter, Receiver And Detection, Fausto Daniel Holguín-Sánchez

Master's Theses

Wireless communication companies require to use the frequency spectrum to operate. Both frequency licenses and infrastructure to reuse frequencies are costly resources subject to increasing demand. This work introduces a novel multiplexing method that saves spectrum called Spectral Shape Division Multiplexing (SSDM). Under certain configurations, SSDM displays higher flexibility and throughput than other spectrally efficient methods.

SSDM defines the structure of a wireless multi-carrier by software. It is similar to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in that both use overlapped sub-carriers to make efficient use of allocated spectrum. However, SSDM has several advantages. Where OFDM organizes sub-carriers orthogonally, SSDM allows …

Real-Time Musical Analysis Of Polyphonic Guitar Audio, John E. Hartquist

Master's Theses

In this thesis, we analyze the audio signal of a guitar to extract musical data in real-time. Specifically, the pitch and octave of notes and chords are displayed over time. Previous work has shown that non-negative matrix factorization is an effective method for classifying the pitches of simultaneous notes. We explore the effect of window size, hop length, and other parameters to maximize the resolution and accuracy of the output.

Other groups have required prerecorded note samples to build a library of note templates to search for. We automate this step and compute the library at run-time, tuning it specifically …