Signal Processing Commons^™

Real Vs Fake Faces: Deepfakes And Face Morphing, Jacob L. Dameron

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The ability to determine the legitimacy of a person’s face in images and video can be important for many applications ranging from social media to border security. From a biometrics perspective, altering one’s appearance to look like a target identity is a direct method of attack against the security of facial recognition systems. Defending against such attacks requires the ability to recognize them as a separate identity from their target. Alternatively, a forensics perspective may view this as a forgery of digital media. Detecting such forgeries requires the ability to detect artifacts not commonly seen in genuine media. This work …

Technique Design Of Filter On Surface-Acoustic Waves, Dilmurod Abdujalilovich Davronbekov, Zafar Tulyaganovich Khakimov

Acta of Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent

The article describes the design of filters on surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which are selective elements and are widely used in blocks, devices and signal processing systems in telecommunications, including wireless communication systems such as cellular, trunking and others. Designs of filters for surfactants are considered, which are divided into two large groups - by functional purpose and by a systematic approach to the synthesis of performance characteristics of filters for surfactants. Optimization algorithms and methods for synthesizing surfactant filters have been developed and improved. An improved technique for the synthesis of a filter based on surface acoustic waves is …

Multibeam Array Antenna For Base Station In The Fifth-Generation Mobile Communication System, Intan Izafina Idrus

Student Works (2020-2029)

Research on the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system has been accelerated to meet the standardization of the International Telecommunications Union for higher data traffic and higher data rates. The main requirements of the 5G mobile communication systems are the utilization of millimeter waves, the deployment of small cells, and the use of multibeam array antennas for multiple-input multiple-output schemes. Multibeam array antennas play an important role in developing a new base station to enhance system capacity, improve network coverage, and reduce co-channel interference. The main objective of this thesis is to design a single-layer multibeam array antenna at 28 GHz …

Improve The Prototype Of Low-Cost Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Imaging System, Chen Xu, Mohammed Z. Shakil

Publications and Research

Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) and Optical Spectroscopy using near-infrared (NIR) diffused light has demonstrated great potential for the initial diagnosis of tumors and in the assessment of tumor vasculature response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The aims of this project are 1) to test the different types of LEDs in the near-infrared range, and design the driving circuit, and test the modulation of LEDs at different frequencies; 2) to test the APDs as a detector, and build the receiver system and compare efficiency with pre-built systems. In this project, we are focusing on creating a low-cost infrared transmission system for tumor and …

A Study In Gps-Denied Navigation Using Synthetic Aperture Radar, Colton P. Lindstrom

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In modern navigation systems, GPS is vital to accurately piloting a vehicle. This is especially true in autonomous vehicles, such as UAVs, which have no pilot. Unfortunately, GPS signals can be easily jammed or spoofed. For example, canyons and urban cities create an environment where the sky is obstructed and make GPS signals unreliable. Additionally, hostile individuals can transmit personal signals intended to block or spoof GPS signals. In these situations, it is important to find a means of navigation that doesn’t rely on GPS.

Navigating without GPS means that other types of sensors or instruments must be used to …

An Exploratory Study Of Pulse Width And Delta Sigma Modulators, Logan B. Penrod

Master's Theses

This paper explores the noise shaping and noise producing qualities of Delta-Sigma Modulators (DSM) and Pulse-Width Modulators (PWM). DSM has long been dominant in the Delta Sigma Analog-to-Digital Converter (DSADC) as a noise-shaped quantizer and time discretizer, while PWM, with a similar self oscillating structure, has seen use in Class D Power Amplifiers, performing a similar function. It has been shown that the PWM in Class D Amplifiers outperforms the DSM [1], but could this advantage be used in DSADC use-cases? LTSpice simulation and printed circuit board implementation and test are used to present data on four variations of these …

Atmospheric Turbulence Distortion In Video: Restoration Utilizing Sparse Analysis, Benjamin J. Sanda

Dissertations

The removal of atmospheric turbulence (AT) distortion in long range imaging is one of the most challenging areas of research in imaging processing with an immediate need for solutions in several applications such as in military and transportation systems. AT exacerbates distortion due to non-linear geometric blur and scintillations in long-distance images and videos, severely reducing image quality and information interpretation. AT negatively impacts both human and computer vision systems, compromising visibility essential for accurate object identification and tracking.

In this dissertation, a novel sparse analysis framework is developed to address efficient AT blur and scintillation removal in video. Operating …

Designing And Evaluating Of Mimo Systems For Millimeter-Wave Communications, Mojtaba Ahmadi Almasi

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The fifth generation (5G) of wireless communications will integrate all existing technologies while bringing its own to the system. Amongst these technologies, millimeter-wave (mmWave) is emerging as a promising solution for 5G systems. However, to fully harness the potential of mmWave communications, obstacles such as severe path loss, channel sparsity, and hardware complexity should be overcome. The existing cost-effective systems can considerably reduce the hardware complexity and partially severe path loss, while channel sparsity still remains a main problem. Other factors such as transmission reliability and coverage area should be considered in 5G mmWave communications. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is …

Power-Weighted Lpc Formant Estimation, Ruairí De Fréin

Conference papers

A power-weighted formant frequency estimation procedure based on Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) is presented. It works by pre-emphasizing the dominant spectral components of an input signal, which allows a subsequent estimation step to extract formant frequencies with greater accuracy. The accuracy of traditional LPC formant estimation is improved by this new power-weighted formant estimator for different classes of synthetic signals and for speech. Power-weighted LPC significantly and reliably outperforms LPC and variants of LPC at the task of formant estimation using the VTR formants dataset, a database consisting of the Vocal Tract Resonance (VTR) frequency trajectories obtained by human experts …

Health Monitoring Using Deep Learning Of Acoustic And Speech Signals, Eric E. Hamke

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The focus of the research is to identify stress markers in a firefighter's speech. These markers include changes in breathing patterns and changes in the fundamental frequency of an individual’s voice. The breathing patterns are characterized using the number of breaths taken in a minute and the time spent inhaling. These measures are estimated using a Restricted Boltzmann Machine to process a firefighters’ SCBA regulator sounds, as open and closed. The classifications are then combined into continuous intervals. Observing the length of the intervals and the number of interval-starts represents time spent inhaling and the breathing rates (breaths per minute). …

Ofdm Simulation, Joseph W. Bednar

Electrical Engineering

The project objective is to provide a tool that will allow the user to simulate an adaptive OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) communication system in the presence of various types of interference and noise. The open-source code allows students and engineers to adjust the modulation, threshold settings, and distortion effects in the channel while observing the output bit error rate. The results the simulation provides will aid researchers in attempting to characterize the interference of OFDM based systems and their effectiveness in the presence of noise.

A Simplified Accuracy Enhancement To The Saleh Am/Am Modeling And Linearization Of Solid-State Rf Power Amplifiers, Haider Al-Kanan, Fu Li

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Saleh behavioral model exhibits high prediction accuracy for nonlinearity of traveling-wave tube power amplifiers (TWT-PAs). However, the accuracy of the Saleh model degrades when modeling solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) technology. In addition, the polynomial expansion of the Saleh model consists of only odd-order terms as analyzed in this work. This paper proposes a novel model accuracy enhancement for the Saleh amplitude-to-amplitude (AM/AM) model when applied to radio frequency (RF) SSPAs. The proposed model enhancement accounts for the second-order intermodulation distortion, which is an important nonlinearity challenge in wideband wireless communications. The proposed static AM/AM model is a three-parameter rational …

Cybersecurity Strategy Against Cyber Attacks Towards Smart Grids With Pvs, Fangyu Li, Maria Valero, Liang Zhao, Yousef Mahmoud

KSU Proceedings on Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Cyber attacks threaten the security of distribution power grids, such as smart grids. The emerging renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PVs) with power electronics controllers introduce new potential vulnerabilities. Based on the electric waveform data measured by waveform sensors in the smart grids, we propose a novel cyber attack detection and identification approach. Firstly, we analyze the cyber attack impacts (including cyber attacks on the solar inverter causing unusual harmonics) on electric waveforms in distribution power grids. Then, we propose a novel deep learning based mechanism including attack detection and attack diagnosis. By leveraging the electric waveform sensor data …

Parallel And Asynchronous Distributed Optimization For Power Systems Operation, Ali Mohammadi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Distributed optimization approaches are gaining more attention for solving power systems energy management functions, such as optimal power flow (OPF). Preserving information privacy of autonomous control entities and being more scalable than centralized approaches are two primary reasons for developing distributed algorithms. Moreover, distributed/ decentralized algorithms potentially increase power systems reliability against failures of components or communication links.

In this dissertation, we propose multiple distributed optimization algorithms and convergence performance enhancement techniques to solve the OPF problem. We present a multi-level optimization algorithm, based on analytical target cascading, to formulate and solve a collaborative transmission and distribution OPF problem. This …

Cleanpage: Fast And Clean Document And Whiteboard Capture, Jane Courtney

Articles

The move from paper to online is not only necessary for remote working, it is also significantly more sustainable. This trend has seen a rising need for the high-quality digitization of content from pages and whiteboards to sharable online material. However, capturing this information is not always easy nor are the results always satisfactory. Available scanning apps vary in their usability and do not always produce clean results, retaining surface imperfections from the page or whiteboard in their output images. CleanPage, a novel smartphone-based document and whiteboard scanning system, is presented. CleanPage requires one button-tap to capture, identify, crop, and …

Impacts Of Laboratory Vibrations And Laser Flicker Noise On Digital Holography, Douglas E. Thornton, Mark F. Spencer, Christopher A. Rice, Glen P. Perram

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the impacts of laboratory vibrations and laser flicker noise on digital holography (DH). Specifically, we measure both the vibration efficiency and the coherence efficiency of our DH system at various focal-plane array integration times and path-length differences between the signal and reference. These efficiencies, in practice, contribute to the overall mixing efficiency, which is a measure for how well the detected signal and reference interfere. The results show that when the integration time is ≤1ms, the laboratory vibrations are negligible with a vibration efficiency of 100%; however, when the integration time equals 100 ms, …

Multimodal Representation Learning And Set Attention For Lwir In-Scene Atmospheric Compensation, Nicholas M. Westing, Kevin C. Gross, Brett J. Borghetti, Christine M. Schubert Kabban, Jacob Martin, Joseph Meola

Faculty Publications

A multimodal generative modeling approach combined with permutation-invariant set attention is investigated in this paper to support long-wave infrared (LWIR) in-scene atmospheric compensation. The generative model can produce realistic atmospheric state vectors (T;H₂O;O₃) and their corresponding transmittance, upwelling radiance, and downwelling radiance (TUD) vectors by sampling a low-dimensional space. Variational loss, LWIR radiative transfer loss and atmospheric state loss constrain the low-dimensional space, resulting in lower reconstruction error compared to standard mean-squared error approaches. A permutation-invariant network predicts the generative model low-dimensional components from in-scene data, allowing for simultaneous estimates of the atmospheric state and TUD …

The Role Of Network Components In Improving The Reliability And Survivability Of Mobile Communication Networks, Dilmurod Davronbekov, Utkir Karimovich Matyokubov

Acta of Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent

This article compares the different architectures of mobile communication networks (MCN) and examines the survivability of the network. Typical survival strategies for improving MCN survivability, failure mitigation strategies for network elements, wireless network survival rates, failure scenarios at MCN levels, and survival indicators are presented. The importance of fiber-optic communication in the construction of communication lines between MCN components has been studied. The issue of designing MCNs in a cost-effective and highly viable way is considered, and the necessary expressions of the design process are given.

Improving Closely Spaced Dim Object Detection Through Improved Multiframe Blind Deconvolution, Ronald M. Aung

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on improving the ability to detect dim stellar objects that are in close proximity to a bright one, through statistical image processing using short exposure images. The goal is to improve the space domain awareness capabilities with the existing infrastructure. Two new algorithms are developed. The first one is through the Neighborhood System Blind Deconvolution where the data functions are separated into the bright object, the neighborhood system, and the background functions. The second one is through the Dimension Reduction Blind Deconvolution, where the object function is represented by the product of two matrices. Both are designed …

A Study Of Static And Dynamic Characteristics Of Multifunctional Signal Converters, Akmal Abdumalikov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issues of continuity, accuracy, speed and reliability of signal conversion, which are the main problems of quality control and management of production processes, remain relevant. Research shows that in practice there are different signal variables, the study of which is highly formalized in a number of modeling tasks and basic classification studies, in particular transients in converters, its sources and elements requires a unified mathematical approach, that is, visual, highly formalized modeling and research based on it. The paper presents a graph model of multifunctional signal converters that provide microprocessor and electronic devices with signals in the form of …