Power and Energy Commons^™

Design And Optimization Of Anode Catalysts For Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells: Advances And Challenges In C-C Bond Activation And Selective Modulation Of The C1 Pathway, Kai-Chi Qin, Meng-Tian Huo, Yu Liang, Si-Yuan Zhu, Zi-Hao Xing, Jin-Fa Chang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources, offering high energy density, environmental sustainability, and operational safety. Compared to methanol fuel cells, DEFCs exhibit lower toxicity and a more mature preparation process. Unlike hydrogen fuel cells, DEFCs provide superior storage and transport feasibility, as well as cost-effectiveness, significantly enhancing their commercial viability. However, the stable C–C bond in ethanol creates a high activation energy barrier, often resulting in incomplete electrooxidation. Current commercial platinum (Pt)- and palladium (Pd)-based catalysts demonstrate low C–C bond cleavage efficiency (

Assessing Solar Radiation Patterns In Sarawak Using Measured Data And The Hargreaves-Samani Model For Photovoltaic Systems Application, Chun Yong Soo, Xian Hwa Chan, Wan Mohamad Husni Wan Mokhtar, Ahmad Rujhan Mohd Rais

Makara Journal of Technology

This study evaluates the Hargreaves-Samani model for estimating solar radiation in five locations in Sarawak: Bintulu, Kapit, Sri Aman, Kuching, and Miri (Subis), using minimum and maximum temperatures as key inputs. Analysis reveals stable minimum temperatures (19.7 °C to 28.8 °C), supporting consistent solar radiation patterns favorable for Photovoltaic (PV) performance. Miri (Subis) recorded the highest daily maximum temperature of 44.8 °C, while Kuching had the lowest at 24.7 °C, highlighting significant regional climatic variability. Analysis also indicates strong solar potential in Bintulu, Kapit, Sri Aman, Kuching, and Miri, with radiation peaking at 7.5 kWh/m², though seasonal variations impact PV …

Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Based On Conventional And Artificial Intelligence Methods: A Comparison, Haya H. Binsalim, Jana Kamal, Salma Badaam, Danah Milyani, Ghadah S. Alyami, Aziza I. Hussein

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models have been widely applied for energy consumption forecasting over the past decades. The purpose of this paper is to review and compare the classical techniques and the emerging new AI-based techniques used for forecasting electrical energy consumption in buildings. The findings revealed that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.928%. AI-based techniques have many advantages over classical techniques, such as their ability to handle a large amount of data and provide accurate and fast results.

Techno-Enviro-Economic Approach For Electrification Of Rural And Shrimp Farming Regional Development Of An Isolated Island In Indonesia By Utilizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, Fiqih Akbar Wijaya, Mohammad Akita Indianto

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

One of the challenges in developing and archipelagic countries such as Indonesia is maintaining energy demand in rural and isolated areas due to difficulties in electrical distribution. For instance, in areas like Bawean Island, no additional electricity capacity has been introduced in the past year, leading to an unmet potential customer demand. One of the possible options is by utilizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) that are integrated with existing fossil fuel-based energy systems to support the growing energy demand in the remote island. A case study in Bawean Island is conducted with the projected energy demand covers the energy …

Report On The First Year Of Operation Of Kentucky’S First Utility Wind Turbine, Lawrence E. Holloway, Sophia A. Hahn, Aron Patrick

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This report examines the first year’s operational data from Kentucky’s first utility wind turbine, the 37 m hub-height 90-kilowatt NPS100C-27, operated by the PPL Corporation Research and Development at their Renewable Integration Research Facility in Mercer County, Kentucky. During that year, the turbine was available 95% of the time, spinning 85% of the time, and generating power 78% of the time, and had a net capacity factor of 11%. This report analyzes the turbine performance and uses the collected wind data to project the performance of an example turbine more typical of larger commercial turbines recently installed elsewhere in the …

Secure Control And Trust Evaluation Framework For Autonomous Transportation Systems, Grace Muriithi

All Dissertations

This dissertation advances the cybersecurity of hybrid tracked vehicles (HTVs) and ship power systems (SPSs) by developing innovative cyber-attack models and corresponding defence frameworks. First, we formulate stealthy false-data-injection attacks (FDIAs) on HTV energy-management systems as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) solved via deep reinforcement learning. A novel sniffing-based reward function guides the attacker to covertly degrade battery capacity and energy efficiency, which we evaluate using custom stealth–impact metrics and a sliding-window anomaly detector (Isolation Forest with Dynamic Time Warping). Additionally, we model sophisticated control-layer attacks in HTVs, including reinforcement-learning-optimised replay attacks and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks targeting generator-speed …

Data-Driven Koopman Theory For Transient Stability And Safety Analysis Of Power Systems With Renewable Penetration, Bhagyashree Umathe

All Dissertations

This dissertation presents a novel approach to analyzing and controlling nonlinear systems using the Koopman operator framework and data-driven methods. Nonlinear power systems, characterized by complex behaviors and sensitivity to initial conditions, pose significant challenges for stability and safety assessment, especially during transient events.

The first part of this work focuses on reachability analysis using the spectral properties of the Koopman operator. By leveraging eigenfunctions extracted from sampled trajectory data, the approach computes forward and backward reachable sets efficiently, even in high-dimensional nonlinear systems, without requiring dense state-space sampling. This method is validated through numerical examples, demonstrating its ability to …

Robust Online Inertia Estimation In Power Systems Using Ambient Data In The Presence Of Inverter-Based Resources, Narges Ghiasi

All Dissertations

The increasing penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) in power systems has significantly altered system dynamics, reducing the system's effective rotational inertia and challenging frequency stability. Accurate online inertia estimation is essential for maintaining system reliability under these evolving conditions. This paper introduces a robust methodology for online inertia estimation using ambient data collected during normal system operation. The proposed method employs a state-space model to represent system dynamics and introduces synthetic step changes to simulate disturbances. By analyzing the frequency response and applying advanced signal processing techniques, the methodology estimates system inertia without requiring real large-scale disturbances. The approach is …

An Investigation Into The Impact Of Inverter Based Resources On Critical Clearing Time, Trupal Patel

All Dissertations

Renewable energy sources, mainly inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as solar and wind plants are being connected in large numbers to the bulk power grid in the United States and around the world. Additionally, generation using fossil fuels are being phased out, which results in the loss of rotor inertia, a key contributor to the transient stability of power systems. Therefore, the large-signal behavior of IBRs and its impact on transient stability must be studied.

This work studies this impact through the metric of critical clearing time (CCT). Impact of grid topology, generation mix and control modes of IBRs on CCT …

Pseudo-Soft-Switching Switched-Capacitor Drive Circuits For Small-Scale Dielectric Actuators, Yanqiao Li

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Applications including micro-robotics and haptics have motivated extensive exploration of dielectric actuators due to their high bandwidth and high efficiency at cm and mm scales. To maximize their benefits, dielectric actuators, including piezoelectric and electrostatic actuators, typically require high driving voltages, ranging from 100V to several kV. Generating such high driving voltages presents a challenge for drive circuits, particularly when powered by a small battery. Dielectric actuators are predominantly capacitive in most circumstances, necessitating the drive circuits to deliver and recover reactive energy for efficient operation. In some applications, such as micro-robotics, the drive circuits may need to have a …

Research Progress On Thermal Management Of Lithium-Ion Batteries, Hong-Da Li, Qiu-Wan Shen, Zhao-Yang Zhang, Xin-Yue Zhao, Yuan Wei, Shi-An Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nowadays, new energy technologies are developing rapidly, energy storage systems are widely used, and lithium-ion batteries occupy a dominant position among them. Therefore, it is also very important to ensure their performance, safety and service life through thermal management technology. In this paper, the causes of thermal runaway of lithium batteries are reviewed firstly, and three commonly used thermal management technologies, namely, air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change material cooling, are compared according to relevant literature in recent years. Air cooling technology has been widely studied because of its simple structure and low cost, but its temperature control effect …

Regulating The Amount Of Graphene Oxide For Enhanced Capacitive Energy Storage Of Mof Derived Materials, Yong-Ji Qin, Jing-Quan Yang, Hao Wang, Mei-Ling Lian, Pei-Pei Jia, Jun Luo, Xi-Jun Liu, Jun-Feng Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In pursuit of more efficient and stable electrochemical energy storage materials, composite materials consisting of metal oxides and graphene oxide have garnered significant attention due to their unique structures and exceptional properties. Graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional material with an extremely high specific surface area and excellent conductivity, offers new possibilities for enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxides. In this work, we synthesized metal- organic framework (MOF) and GO composites by regulating the amount of GO, and successfully prepared composites of metal oxides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks and GO through a simple one-step calcination process. Based on the …

Participation Of Battery Energy Storage Systems In Load Frequency Control Of Power Systems, Zakaria Afsharbakeshloo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this research, functionalities and roles of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) in power systems are extended beyond primary frequency control (PFC). The BESSs, while participating in PFC, are controlled through charge controllers to first maintain their state-of-charge (SOC) within an acceptable range through a primary charge controller, and to recharge the BESS to its maximum SOC through a secondary charge controller. This forms a hierarchical frequency and SOC control of power grids with BESSs. In this regard, multiple BESS case is considered as well, and by employing the SOC balancing principle, it is shown that desired power sharing among …

Traditional Energy And Renewable Energy And Their Implications On Sustainable Development (Examples From Lebanon And The World), Radwan Ejel

Al Jinan الجنان

This study aims to introduce the types of fossil and renewable energies by presenting the various associated concepts. It shows their characteristics, in addition to the concept of sustainable development, to show the extent of traditional energy's repercussions on sustainable development and the role of renewable energies in promoting its concept through its three economic, social, and environmental dimensions. It also presents some statistical models on renewable energy, especially solar energy in Lebanon, the Arab world, and the world.

Previously, man used to invest in traditional fossil energy, such as oil, gas, and coal, to meet his economic and technological …

Enhancing Power System Operation: Hydrogen, Dc Transmission Systems, And Robust Optimization, Anping Zhou

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has brought considerable economic and environmental benefits to power system operations. However, it also introduces several critical challenges that should be addressed to ensure system reliability and efficiency. First, from the generation side, energy curtailment remains a persistent issue due to the random and intermittent nature of RESs. Second, from the transmission side, delivering power from remote RESs (e.g., offshore wind farms) requires substantial infrastructure investment and careful planning. Third, from the operation side, the inherent uncertainty and variability of RES generation create operational difficulties that necessitate advanced mathematical optimization tools for …

Optimal Placement Of Distributed Generation Units In Power Distribution Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Owdean M. Suwi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Power losses and voltage drops in distribution networks are critical issues in power system operation, reducing efficiency, reliability, and overall quality of the power supply to customers. Additionally, the rising electricity demand, deregulation of energy markets, and congestion in transmission networks have further contributed to the declining performance of the grid. To address these challenges, integrating distributed generation units (DGUs) into electric distribution systems has gained significant attention. Furthermore, the integration of DGUs into conventional fossil fuel-based power plants is becoming necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, proper placement and sizing of DGUs are crucial for achieving optimal benefits. …

Prospects Of Clean Cooking Energy In Africa - Transition Pathways And Implications, Joseph H. Kihedu Dr.

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Despite abundant renewable energy resources, African countries still suffer from energy poverty, particularly in cooking. Up to 2022, about 74% of the African population had no access to clean cooking energy. With focus to Sub-Saharan African population, 90% has no access to clean cooking energy which decrease by 7% when kerosene is included. Traditional cooking, which involves the use of charcoal and firewood, is associated with health problems, environmental degradation, socioeconomic issues, and gender inequality. Transitioning to clean cooking energy not only promises significant health benefits but also offers opportunities for sustainable economic development and environmental preservation. In this study, …

Potential Use Of Pump As Turbine Coupled To Self-Excited Induction Generator For Micro-Hydro Cooking And Cooling Applications, Emanuel J. Nyirenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Clean cooking and efficient cooling in developing countries have recently become areas of great focus. Further, the environmental impact of flooding in high-capacity hydroelectric plants has become a major concern. As a result, there is growing emphasis on developing sustainable and decentralized energy solutions, focusing on the potential of micro-hydro systems, especially in rural and remote areas. Although there are several alternative energy generation methods, their application is not straightforward. One of the latest technologies under research is using pumps as turbines coupled to an induction generator. This paper explores through a rigorous experimental approach the possibility of using a …

Mitigation Of Voltage Disturbances In Industrial Power Distribution Networks Using Dynamic Voltage Restorers, Aviti T. Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Most electrical and electronic equipment in industries require high-quality power to function efficiently. Nonetheless, voltage sags and swells are pressing concerns and prone to directly impact the economy of industrial customers. One such customer embattled with these problems is Mbeya Cement Company Limited (MCC) located in Mbeya, Tanzania. These issues mainly are caused by upstream faults and switching operations. One way to address these is by utilizing the voltage injection method, which employs a power device known as a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). In this paper, the voltage sags and swells of balanced three-phase, unbalanced double-line and single-line to ground …

Thermal Energy Storage System Using Silica Sand As Heat Storage Medium: Simulation Of Geita Gold Mine, Santos Kihwele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Currently, Geita Gold Mine (GGM) relies on electrical energy from the national grid and diesel power generators to generate electricity for various industrial applications. The plant currently spends a large amount of money on generating power from diesel generators. The total annual cost of power generation from diesel generators including lubricants is USD 56,057,990. The total annual fuel cost is USD 53,531,805 for a total of 54,985,473 liters per year. Most of the power generated by the generators is consumed in the industrial thermal processes. Thermal energy applications at the plant are thermal drying of the extracted ores to remove …