Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

A Broadband, Dual Polarized Antenna For The Radio Neutrino Observatory In Greenland, Danny Maas

Master's Theses

The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is a multidisciplinary, multinational collaboration which uses antennas to detect neutrino interactions with arctic ice sheets. Neutrinos are formed from nuclear reactions; predominant sources include nuclear reactors, stars, supernovae, and the big bang. They rarely interact with normal matter and thus travel from origin to destination relatively unimpeded, with applications including tracking nuclear weapons tests and supernovae. Measurements of galactic neutrino flux can provide information about how the universe developed and its current evolution. Neutrino interactions produce signals from 100 to 1000MHz. Current RNO-G antennas operate over only a portion of this band; …

Impacts Of High-Frequency Operation On Magnetics And Performance On Isolated Power Electronic Converter Design, David Arturo Porras Fernandez

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The pursuit of high-power density and high switching frequency is a central theme in the advancement of power electronic converters. While these parameters offer significant benefits in terms of compactness and performance, they also introduce challenges related to efficiency and thermal management. This doctoral dissertation aims to provides a design framework to analyze the implications of high-frequency operation (> 100 kHz) on magnetics design and performance in power electronic converters, particularly when integrating silicon carbide (SiC) power modules. It examines the advantages and disadvantages of high-frequency operation and delves into its effects on the performance of the converter, focusing on …

Magnetic Sensor Compensation Utilizing Factor Graph Estimation, Frederic W. Lathrop, Clark N. Taylor, Aaron Nielsen

Faculty Publications

Recently, there has been significant interest in the ability to navigate without GPS using the magnetic anomaly field of the Earth (magnav). One of the key technical bottlenecks to achieving magnav is obtaining an accurate magnetic sensor calibration, taking into account own-ship and sensor effects. The Tolles-Lawson magnetic calibration method continues to be the industry standard and was developed when airborne magnetic survey aircraft were first employed over 70 years ago. In this paper, we present a magnetic calibration algorithm based on a factor graph optimization using inertial measurements as well as inputs from both a vector and scalar magnetometer. …

Fabrication And Characterization Of A Monolithic Photonic Integrated Circuit With High-Aspect Ratio Photonic Device Structures, Sami A. Nazib

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

The focus of this work was to create a process to fabricate an InP-based Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC). The design of the PIC required the photonic components of this device to be created by deep etching of an epitaxially-grown multilayer structure. Therefore, a novel dry etching process was developed to produce very high aspect- ratio (HAR) features. This process not only involved the development of dry etch chemistry but also the engineering of a metal mask structure. The next step of the challenge was to use a polymer-based material that would have two functions: cladding for the etched photonic components …

Multisensory System For Probing Scattering Media, Muralidhar Madabhushi Balaji

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

There are numerous problems in the physical sciences wherein the scattering of light fundamentally limits our ability to perceive and reason about objects within the visual field. Examples include navigation in foggy weather, detecting hidden contraband/explosives, detecting diseased regions in agricultural produce, and detecting tumors within tissue. In all these scenarios, the scrambling of light paths due to scattering reduces the ability to locate embedded objects and identify their spatial or spectral features.

Existing approaches address the challenge by augmenting optical sensing modalities with complementary techniques that do not rely on optical phenomenology, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or …

Parallel Communications In Single-Core Optical Fibers Utilizing Spatial Domain Multiplexing And Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Mingxuan Tu

Theses and Dissertations

This endeavor proposes a hybrid parallel optical communication architecture in single-core fibers combining WDM in O-band (1270 nm, 1310 nm, 1310 nm, and 1330 nm) and two-channel SDM. The proposed architecture applies carefully designed delays in each propagating channel to achieve synchronization and, therefore, realizes parallel transmission in single-core fibers without the help of Serializer/De-serializers (SerDes). A mathematical model of SDM, calculations on delays between each optical channel, simulation of the hybrid architecture, experimental setup, and the testing and analysis of channel performance have been provided. A design of a photonic integrated circuit based on thin film lithium niobate electro-optic …

Fast And Accurate Automatic Design Of Spiral Inductors From High-Level Specification, Heba Ismail

Theses and Dissertations

Integrated on-chip planar spiral inductors are widely employed in communication circuit blocks and other various electronic devices, thus becoming an essential passive component of RF integrated circuits (RFICs). A common vital spiral inductor design problem is determining the optimum layout parameters of spiral inductors that yield the desired inductance value and achieve highest quality factor at the intended operating frequency. Various approaches tackle this difficulty, but the most prevalent approaches for designing inductors are using an electromagnetic simulator or a library of pre-designed inductors. The latter approach requires an extensive amount of time and computational resources, whereas the former restricts …

Evaluation Of Reduced Graphene Oxide For Advanced Thermal Management In Microwave Electronics Packaging, Utkarsh Misra

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The continuous push towards making electronic devices smaller and denser, largely driven by the demand for higher power capabilities, has led to a critical need for innovative and comprehensive methods for managing the heat these devices generate. Traditional cooling solutions for electronics often rely on methods such as copper-based layers or channels to distribute and dispel heat. However, these conventional methods and materials are becoming increasingly insufficient, especially for Radio Frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave electronics. These components are becoming ever more compact while requiring more power, thus presenting unique challenges for thermal management in their packaging.

In this thesis we …

Modeling And Optimization Of Time Delay Unit Network Architectures For Reducing Complexity Of Ultra- Wideband Phased Antenna Arrays, Daniel A. Ramirez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents a systematic technique for modeling and optimization of the hierarchical time delay unit (TDU) architectures of ultra-wideband (UWB) phased antenna arrays (PAAs). The first major contribution of this dissertation is the optimization of a linear PAA by casting the problem in the standard form of integer linear programming (ILP) optimization with an objective function that targets minimizing the total number of TDUs within the RF feed network fanout while maintaining phase error and manufacturability constraints. This optimization can significantly reduce the cost, power, and complexity of UWB PAAs in contrast to prior methods that iteratively converge on …

Unconventional Computing With Photonic Oscillator Networks, Mostafa Honari Latifpour

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The ever-increasing demand for data processing and the challenges in scaling traditional computing architectures are driving intensive research into alternative computing paradigms. Optical computing has garnered renewed attention since the 2010s, driven by its potential to accelerate specialized computational tasks such as combinatorial optimization and neural networks.

Coherent light sources including lasers and parametric oscillators have been around for decades and become indispensable tools in modern technology, but these photonic oscillators are also nonlinear dynamical systems that can exhibit emergent, complex phenomena, especially when coupled in arrays. These nonlinear optical systems have recently been shown to be capable of doing …

Design Of High Efficiency Doherty Power Amplifier, Kobi G. Kelly, Severin Pindell

Electrical Engineering

The project includes design and fabrication of a high efficiency power amplifier for a student design competition held at International Microwave Symposium (IMS) 2023. Efficient power amplifiers are critical for base station communication requiring efficient use of available power. The final design optimizes power added efficiency (PAE) and linearity. The amplifier will operate at 2.45 GHz. Competitive PAE above 50%, and C/I above 30 dB is achieved by leveraging a Doherty class amplifier using accurate discrete CGH4006P transistor models to simulate an efficient and linear design. Unique design features include optimal transistor bias point selection and power split ratios between …

Multi-Hop And Automated Testing Of Wide-Area Network Radio Systems, Zachary C. Numa, Joseph S. Nuccio

Electrical Engineering

Requests for low-power and versatile wide-area Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks are becoming more prevalent with upcoming research in low-data rate ad-hoc mesh networks. Connections to terrestrial satellites have proven promising methods for increasing range capabilities for wide area networks (WAN). As research in communication with IoT networks and satellites progresses, reliable multi-hop mesh networks for Earth-based communication are still necessary to develop the base for satellite communication. These multi-hop communication mesh networks are being developed to allow communication where Line-of-Sight (LOS) from A to B is incapable due to environmental barriers. Hence, communication is possible without LOS by providing an intermediate …

2-Bit Schiffman Phase Shifter, Tavita Dayton, Enrique Ruiz

Electrical Engineering

Phase shifters are found in microwave/RF applications such as defense or wireless communications for their ability to control the relative phase of a system which allows for alignment of signals to obtain constructive interference. Typical phase shifters are chip level (digital and analog) which require a DC bias therefore restricting PCB use unless allowance for air gaps. The paper analyzes a passive and low-profile 2-bit phase shifter using the Schiffman architecture, which outputs a near-constant 90 degree shift over a wide band of frequencies. The design process initially confirmed a proper 90 degree phase shift over the desired WiFi band, …

Design And Characterization Of A Broadband Rf Switch Utilizing Surface Mount Devices, Daniel Bracamontes

Master's Theses

High frequency solid-state switches are critical elements in communication systems, radio frequency (RF) systems and instrumentation. Key parameters to an RF switch include insertion loss while on and off-state isolation. Power handling and linearity are important to consider for a cost-effective construction. This becomes a design challenge into K-band frequencies as components required need to be small, dielectric losses and transmission lines need to be physically matched for proper isolative and through states. This thesis presents a novel single pole eight throw (SP8T) hybrid design composed of commercially available surface mount technology solutions to achieve high isolation and low insertion …

Single-Polarization And Single-Mode Hybrid Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber Design At 2 Μm, Herschel Herring, Mohammad Al Mahfuz, Md Selim Habib

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, a new
type of hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) design using
hybrid silica/high-index material (HIM) cladding is presented
for single-polarization, high-birefringence, and endlessly single-
mode operation at 2 μm wavelength. We show that the inclusion
of a HIM layer in the cladding allows strong suppression of
𝑥−polarization, while maintaining low propagation loss and
single-mode propagation for 𝑦−polarization. The optimized HC-
ARF design includes a combination of low propagation loss,
high-birefringence, and polarization-extinction ratio (PER) or
loss ratio of 0.02 dB/m, 1.2×10−4, and >550 respectively, while the
loss of the 𝑥−polarization is >20 …

Analysis Of Modeled 3d Solar Magnetic Field During 30 X/M-Class Solar Flares, Seth H. Garland, Vasyl B. Yurchyshyn, Robert D. Loper, Benjamin F. Akers, Daniel J. Emmons Ii

Faculty Publications

Using non-linear force free field (NLFFF) extrapolation, 3D magnetic fields were modeled from the 12-min cadence Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) photospheric vector magnetograms, spanning a time period of 1 hour before through 1 hour after the start of 18 X-class and 12 M-class solar flares. Several magnetic field parameters were calculated from the modeled fields directly, as well as from the power spectrum of surface maps generated by summing the fields along the vertical axis, for two different regions: areas with photospheric |B_z|≥ 300 G (active region—AR) and areas above the photosphere with the …

New Quantum Information Science Study At Bsu: A Theoretical Study And Research Towards Pic Generation Of Entangled Photons, Peyton Brown

Honors Program Theses and Projects

The first part of this thesis explores the abstract quantum state vector space using Dirac formalism, providing a comprehensive analysis of quantum mechanics’ fundamental concepts. Emphasis is placed on the Dirac notation’s pivotal role in elucidating quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. Through detailed examinations of quantum states, polarization, and the CHSH inequality, this study not only reinforces the theoretical foundations of quantum information science but also demonstrates its practical applications in quantum information and quantum computing. The discussion delves into the manipulation of qubits and quantum gates, showing the potential of quantum information theory in enhancing computational efficiencies …

Redirection Of Current In A Dense Plasma Focus, Rocky Gonzalez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Mission Support & Test Services (MSTS) reports that significant amounts of energy needed for generating high energy neutrons is lost within a Dense Plasma Focus between its pinch-end of the anode stalk and at its base near the insulating sleeve. It is their mission and the goal of this research effort to both experimentally and theoretically study current redirection in a DPF during and after pinch dynamics. It is hypothesized that current redirection, due to restrike, behind the dynamic sheath of a dense plasma focus will result in a measurable change in the magnetic field along the longitudinal axis …

Low Noise Amplifier For 5ghz Wi-Fi Applications On 22nm, Harshdeep Singh

Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

More devices than ever are being used to connect to the internet via Wi-Fi than ever before. This creates the demand for improving Wi-Fi standards and wireless transceivers. On of the most important stages of a Wi-Fi receiver is the low noise amplifier (LNA), this is because it is the very first stage after the antenna receives the signal. The LNA is responsible for boasting the incoming signal while adding a low amount of noise to boast the signal enough to make it receptible to the rest of the receiver system. This study sought to design an inductively degenerated common …

Mems Optical Cavities For Low Power Communication., Jacob Schopp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis discusses the use of MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) optical cavities for use in low power communication. MEMS optical cavities are thin air gaps between an actuated MEMS mirror and a fixed glass encapsulation. By moving the MEMS mirror the reflectivity of the MEMS optical cavity can be changed. This change in reflectivity can be used to transmit information passively by modulating reflected light intensity instead of generating new light using a light source. These MEMS optical cavities are demonstrated using optical fibers for illumination delivery and reflected light collection. In addition to being reflected for communication, the illuminating light …