Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons^™

Predictive Modeling Of Electro-Optic Modulators Under Electromagnetic Interference, Hasan Ahmed

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

In this age of electronic warfare, directed energy research is of utmost importance to ensure national security, robust military defense systems and gain a competitive edge in research worldwide. This thesis explores the intentional directed energy impacts on electro-optic devices by developing analytical predictive models through experimental data validation. An electro-optic modulator known as Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is used to understand the implications of intentional EMI. A low frequency RF signal is injected in the MZM to create an EMI environment. The MZM behavior changes due to EMI during a pseudo-random bit sequence signal modulation were studied through analyzing receiver …

Generative Ai For 3d Printed Antenna Design, Jennifer Ann Chavez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This research explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) with a physics-informed particle swarm optimizer (PSO) to develop 3D printable microstrip patch antennas. A neural network was trained on a dataset of microstrip patch antenna geometries and their corresponding performance metrics: return loss and gain. The PSO used a fitness function prioritizing low return loss in potential antennas, eventually yielding novel antenna geometries with parasitic components. 3D printing constraints were also hard coded into the framework, thus preventing any geometries being generated that cannot be fabricated. When simulated using Ansys HFSS, the AI generated microstrip patch antennas exceeded the …

Development Of Si-Based Germanium-Tin Infrared Photodiode, Sylvester Amoah

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors have attracted increasing attention for the past few decades. SWIR and MWIR detectors are used for a wide range of applications in military and civilian defense, such as future automotive night vision, video surveillance security cameras, and integrated night vision in mobile/wearable electronics. The current market-dominating IR photodetector technology is mainly developed with the costly III-V or II-V material systems, such as InGaAs, InSb, and HgCdTe. While many efforts have been made towards the hybrid integration of III-Vs or II-VIs on a Si substrate, it is highly desirable to develop an alternative …

Power-Beaming: Wireless Energy Transfer Using Lasers, Spencer L. Barnett

ATU Scholars Symposium

The objective of the project is to implement a wireless energy transfer system utilizing laser technology. This system involves modulating the laser’s beam profile and spatial distribution through precise optical manipulation. The energy transmitted by the laser is captured by a photovoltaic array, commonly referred to as a solar panel, which is engineered to convert incident photons into direct current (DC) electrical power. The current challenge is to develop a reliable wireless energy transfer mechanism capable of operating over extended distances, thereby overcoming the constraints imposed by wired connections, particularly in environments where wiring is impractical, such as in space. …

Simultaneous Observations Of Irregular Sporadic E Structures Using The Lwa And A Dps4d, Kenneth S. Obenberger, C. A. Taylor, Jonah J. Colman, Eugene Dao, J. Dowell, J. D. Eccles, Daniel J. Emmons, C. T. Fallen, J. M. Holmes, G. B. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Multi-instrument studies have recently shed new light on the morphology of sporadic E, especially intense sporadic E. Here we present simultaneous observations of dense sporadic E (E_s) structures using the Long Wavelength Array (LWA) radio telescopes and a Digisonde Portable Sounder 4D (DPS4D). Our coordinated observations show that the LWA radio telescopes in central New Mexico can reliably locate regions of dense Es structures as they pass over a Digisonde located over 500 km away in Texas. The LWA appears to be most sensitive to the densest E_s structures, which also appear to contain irregularities with vertical …

Painting Rich Six-Dimensional Pictures Using Polarized Fluorescence Microscopy, Matthew D. Lew

Electrical & Systems Engineering Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

A 0.18 Μm Cmos 40 Ghz Miniaturized Coupled-Line Coupler With Enhanced Directivity, Elsayed Ibrahim Elsaidy, Amr H. Hussein Prof.Dr., Mustafa M. Abd Elnaby Prof. Dr., Anwer S. Abd El-Hameed Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

No abstract provided.

Numerical Studies Of Semiclassical Light Storage Using The Coherent Atomic Transfer Function, Zachary T. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Quantum communication through photons relies on photonic storage to preserve quantum states. However, when photons interact with matter, quantum information becomes distorted. A recently developed semi-classical analytical model predicts output light pulses from an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system. Using the predictions, the model known as the Coherent Atomic Transfer (CAT) Function, is capable of predicting the stored pulse or reconstructing the original pulse. Using numerical convolution and deconvolution with the CAT function as an analog of the point spread function of Fourier optics can provide insights on the effects of EIT storage on the retrieved pulse. Blind deconvolution is …

Quantum Ghost Imaging Through An Atmospheric Turbulence Simulator, Mikaela R. Morris

Theses and Dissertations

The use of single photons and photon pairs has become a cornerstone for new developments in the sensing and imaging community for their ability to improve image resolution and signal to noise readings in low light environments and large standoff distances. Quantum imaging techniques have an ability to overcome the fundamental limits of classical imaging, like diffraction. Quantum ghost imaging, a specific type of quantum imaging, uses a bi-photon pair produced during the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion to produce an image. The pair is split using a beam splitter, the signal photon is transmitted through an aperture and …

Guided-Mode Resonant Nanopatterns For Raman Generation And Photonic Devices, Renjie Chen

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation explores advanced strategies for enhancing Raman amplification in silicon photonic devices, focusing on guided-mode resonance engineering and resonant mode manipulation. Silicon, despite its indirect bandgap, exhibits a strong Raman scattering coefficient, enabling it to function as a viable gain medium for integrated photonic systems. However, the realization of efficient, compact, and low-threshold silicon Raman amplifiers and lasers necessitates innovative design approaches that overcome inherent material and structural limitations.

The first chapter provides a fundamental overview of optics, including physical principles, spectral characteristics, guided-mode resonance, simulation methods, and nanopattern fabrication methods.

The second chapter delves into silicon-based Raman amplification …

Characterization And Modeling Of Polyphase Machines And Power Conditioning Components, Nathan Lockhart

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Microgrid power configurations have become increasingly prevalent in recent power systems due to the rise of power electronic energy generation, energy storage, and the many diverse electrical demands. Microgrids offer numerous advantages over traditional power electronic networks, which rely on large rotating generators to supply power over extensive distances to multiple users. Remote power grids are particularly beneficial for smaller networks that may be isolated or have unique power requirements, often incorporating energy storage to enhance operational flexibility. Advances in power electronics, such as medium voltage DC distribution, are enhancing the reliability, redundancy, and integration capabilities of isolated microgrids.

To …

Photonic Crystal Devices For Chip Scale Sensing Systems, Yudong Chen

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

This thesis investigates the design and integration of photonic crystal (PC) structures for compact, high-performance optical platforms, with a focus on applications in gas sensing, on-chip lasers, and flat optics. Chapter 1 introduces the fundamental principles of PC design and simulation, highlighting their potential to replace bulky components in micro-gas chromatography (µGC) systems through miniaturization and integration. Chapter 2 explores PC-based nanobeam lasers, including the Lambda-Scale Embedded Active-Region Photonic Crystal (LEAP) laser, which demonstrates strong optical confinement and energy-efficient operation, with energy consumption as low as 8 fJ/bit. These laser designs are evaluated for their suitability in low-power, high-speed on-chip …

Characterization Of Dc Arc Flash Events Generated By Electrochemical Energy Storage, Nicolaus E. Jennings

Electrical Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The increasing rise in the use of electrochemical energy storage (ECES) like in the form of valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), and metalized film, oil filled capacitors prompt new challenges concerning electric worker safety. The primary safety hazards associated with ECES are electric shock and arc flash. The electric shock hazard is well understood to the extent where it is known what potential and exposure duration will cause levels of pain and ultimately fatality. Various personal protective equipment (PPE) like insulating gloves allow electric workers to perform maintenance with sufficient protection …

Ibis Model Simulation Accuracy Improvement With Slew Rate Correction, Yifan Ding, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The accuracy of Power-Supply-Induced Jitter (PSIJ) simulation in Input/Output Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) models is critical for ensuring robust high-speed signal integrity analysis, but it lacks accuracy in predicting the PSIJ when the pre-driver exists in the model. Previous studies have proposed methods to improve IBIS PSIJ simulation accuracy with pre-driver effect included in the IBIS switching coefficients modification process. However, these methods fail to accurately model the output waveform slew rate change with varied power noise. In this work, an improved modification method was proposed to incorporate power-aware characteristics into the modified IBIS model, thereby improving the accuracy of …

Measurement- And Simulated Annealing (Sa) Optimization-Based Inductor Model Coupled To Chassis, Junyong Park, Reza Vahdani, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In automotive systems, a metal chassis protects the components against the external environment. However, the metal chassis is conductive, which results in unwanted conducted emission (CE) coupling to electric components. An inductor used for power factor correction (PFC) is one of the affected components. When the inductor is mated with the metal chassis, the impedance of the inductor changes. It is also hard to predict the CE coupling due to the structure-dependent characteristics. That is, the CE coupling is not negligible and hard to clarify. Therefore, this article proposes an efficient modeling method for the inductor which is mated with …

Method Of Termination With Absorbers For Far-End Crosstalk Measurements, Daniel L. Commerou, Reza Asadi, Sathvika Bandi, Seyed Mostafa Mousavi, Xiaoning Ye, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The increasing demand for higher data rates in modern electronic systems has heightened the challenges of maintaining signal integrity, particularly in addressing farend crosstalk (FEXT). This paper presents a novel approach using absorber-based terminations to perform signal integrity measurements in high-speed PCB designs. The performance of magnetically and electrically loaded absorber materials is evaluated against traditional 50Ω terminations with performance parameters such as S-parameters, Time-Domain reflectometry (TDR), and induced far-end crosstalk voltage. Simulations and experimental measurements demonstrate that electrically loaded absorbers can achieve performance characteristics comparable to high-quality terminations, particularly for reflections and impedance matching. The results indicate that absorbers …

Graph-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach For Multi-Power-Domain Pcb Pdn Shape And Stackup Synthesis, Haran Manoharan, Hanfeng Wang, Jingnan Pan, Yuchu He, Jianmin Zhang, Xu Gao, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Efficient power plane and stack up optimization is critical for Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Power Delivery Networks (PDNs), particularly in multi-power-domain designs with stringent DC Resistance (DCR) specifications. This work presents a novel reinforcement learning-based framework that assigns stack up layers for each power domain and iteratively refines power plane shapes to meet design constraints while ensuring non-overlapping layouts. The approach leverages Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs) for initializing power plane shapes. It dynamically refines them using the A∗ (A-Star) algorithm with weighted pathfinding, ensuring optimal connectivity and compliance with DCR requirements. Tested extensively on multi-power-domain scenarios, the algorithm demonstrates robust …

Optimized Modeling Of Pcb Vias With Nonfunctional Pads And High-Frequency Behavior Up To 150 Ghz, Mehdi Mousavi, Kevin Cai, Chaofeng Li, Sathvika Bandi, Manish Mathew, Mehdi Khaleghi, Shameem Ahmed, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents an enhanced closed-form approach for modeling and optimizing high-frequency PCB vias, implemented in Python and validated against industry standard tools such as ADS and HFSS. The model incorporates resistance alongside inductance and capacitance to capture frequency-dependent losses and integrates non-functional pads (NFPs), demonstrating significant improvements in signal integrity by reducing reflections and enhancing return loss, particularly at 100 GHz. The methodology extends the frequency range of previous models from 100 GHz to 150 GHz, ensuring compatibility with next-generation standards like PCIe Gen 6. Validation results show insertion loss deviations under 3 dB and consistent return loss across …

Efficient Decoupling Capacitor Impact Calculation, Faye Squires, Yifan Ding, Matthew Doyle, Matteo Cocchini, Samuel Connor, Francesco De Paulis, Albert E. Ruehli, Chulsoon Hwang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Methods of optimizing decoupling capacitor placement on power distribution networks (PDNs) are often limited due to the computational complexity required to calculate the impact of connecting loads to an impedance matrix with hundreds of rows and columns. This work proposes that by removing all but one member of the impedance matrix before calculating, checking the impact of adding capacitors to the matrix can be done efficiently, and optimization methods can be viable even when requiring millions of impedance calculations.

Design Strategies For Skew Compensation In Highspeed Pcb Strip Line Interconnects, Sathvika Bandi, Reza Asadi, Zhekun Peng, Srinivas Venkataraman, Granthana Rangaswamy, Santosh Pappu, Xu Wang, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of intra-pair PN skew compensation in printed circuit board (PCB) strip line (SL) traces, for a high-speed 224 Gbps lane for the first time. The study investigates the effects of skew compensation placement both with and without via discontinuities. Detailed evaluations are performed in both time and frequency domains, examining critical parameters such as time-domain reflectometry (TDR), input impedance, return loss, insertion loss, and common-mode S -parameters. The findings reveal that, in a simple strip line trace without via discontinuities, the location of skew compensation has negligible influence on signal margins. …