Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Numerical And Experimental Investigation Of Vascular Suture Closure, Linxia Gu, Ananth Ram Mahanth Kasavajhala, Haili Lang, James M. Hammel

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose — In order to optimize the performance of the suture for tissue closure, it is essential to develop strategies for devising new and improved techniques that can visualize and compare various suturing techniques. This paper describes an experimental and numerical investigation on the performance of sutured tissue.

Methods — In the experiments, two pieces of glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine pericardium were sutured together through simple running suture and tensioned to study the performance of the sutured tissue. During testing, the tension load and the total displacement of the specimen were recorded. The strain field of the specimen was simultaneously captured …

Studying The Glial Cell Response To Biomaterials And Surface Topography For Improving The Neural Electrode Interface, Evon S. Ereifej

Wayne State University Dissertations

Neural electrode devices hold great promise to help people with the restoration of lost functions, however, research is lacking in the biomaterial design of a stable, long-term device. Current devices lack long term functionality, most have been found unable to record neural activity within weeks after implantation due to the development of glial scar tissue (Polikov et al., 2006; Zhong and Bellamkonda, 2008). The long-term effect of chronically implanted electrodes is the formation of a glial scar made up of reactive astrocytes and the matrix proteins they generate (Polikov et al., 2005; Seil and Webster, 2008). Scarring is initiated when …

Dynamic Endothelialization Of Aortic Heart Valve Scaffolds, Richard Pascal

All Theses

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide affecting both the heart and blood vessels. Valvular heart disease can arise from calcification, and structural deterioration resulting in a stenotic or regurgitant valve incapable of proper function. With approximately 275,000 valve replacements performed annually worldwide, the need for replacement heart valves is well established. Currently, treatment of valvular heart disease is limited to two options (mechanical and bioprosthetic). Both replacement valves have their own drawbacks, which have driven research in the bioengineering field to focus on the development of a tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) capable of growth and self-repair.
A …

Investigations Into Causes Of Failure Of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces, R. Collins Watson

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

All highly selective methods of neural interfacing for mental control of a robotic prosthesis tested to date have exhibited high rates of failure over time. Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) may offer the greatest potential among the proposed technologies for providing the number of degrees of freedom necessary to control a robotic limb, but are unacceptable for clinical use due to several shortcomings of current technology: (1) all RPNIs tested to date have exhibited signal loss over time due to biological mechanisms of rejection of implanted electrodes; (2) all chronically tested interfaces have suffered from high rates of device failure …

Pleiotrophin Enhance Nerve Regeneration Across Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Defects, Swarup Narayan Dash

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Peripheral nerve injuries resulting in extensive loss in nerve continuity pose a challenge in reconstructive surgery. Autografts still remain the treatment of choice for nerve defects despite the need of donor nerve harvest and the associated morbidity of this procedure. In contrast to short gap injuries, isografts achieve sub normal functional recovery for gaps longer than a critical 30 mm length, and simple tubularization methods fail completely. The regenerative failure of peripheral nerves through long gaps can be postulated to the lack of appropriate growth substrate and trophic support. We hypothesize that for successful nerve regeneration across long-gap nerve defects, …

Magnetic-Based Theranostic Nanoparticles For Prostate Cancer Management, Aniket Sharadrao Wadajkar

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

With an increasing rate of cancers, the need for effective cancer management has led to the development of theranostic systems for diagnosis and therapy. Conventional techniques for cancer management have limited success due to inaccurate diagnosis and treatment side effects. Development of magnetic-based theranostic nanoparticles (MBTN) may overcome these limitations with the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) such as magnetic targeting, hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents; and advantages of polymer coatings for carrying payloads and allowing bioconjugation for active targeting applications. Aim of this research was to develop multifunctional MBTNs for prostate cancer management. First, biodegradable photoluminescent …

A Novel Minimally Invasive Dual-Modality Fiber Optic Probe For Prostate Cancer Detection, Vikrant Sharma

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in males, and is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in United States. In prostate cancer diagnostics and theapy, there is a critical need for a minimally invasive tool for in vivo evaluation of prostate tissue. Such a tool finds its niche in improving TRUS (trans-rectal ultrasound) guided biopsy procedure, surgical margin assessment during radical prostatectomy, and active surveillance of patients with a certain risk levels. This work is focused on development of a fiber-based dual-modality optical device (dMOD), to differentiate prostate cancer from benign tissue, in vivo. dMOD …

Methodology Of Citric Acid Based Functional Biomaterial Development And Application, Yi Leaf Zhang

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Biomaterials play critical roles in modern strategies of biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, and theranostic therapy. Attempts to design ideal biomaterials for each specific application have led to an enormous increase in the number of polymeric biomaterials. Different biomedical applications require specific functionality of biomaterials. Unfortunately, the limited versatility of currently available biodegradable polymers fails to meet the wide range of requirement for biomedical applications. Therefore, a methodology of functional biomaterials development would be beneficial to the biomaterial field. It has been proved that citric acid can be utilized as a key element in the development of novel biodegradable …

Phase Sensitive Spectral Domain Interferometry For Label Free Biomolecular Interaction Analysis And Biosensing Applications, Sajal Chirvi

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) plays vital role in wide variety of fields, which include biomedical research, pharmaceutical industry, medical diagnostics, and biotechnology industry. Study and quantification of interactions between natural biomolecules (proteins, enzymes, DNA) and artificially synthesized molecules (drugs) is routinely done using various labeled and label-free BIA techniques. Labeled BIA (Chemiluminescence, Fluorescence, Radioactive) techniques suffer from steric hindrance of labels on interaction site, difficulty of attaching labels to molecules, higher cost and time of assay development. Label free techniques with real time detection capabilities have demonstrated advantages over traditional labeled techniques. The gold standard for label free BIA is …

Application Of Scanning Correlation Spectroscopy Techniques To Quantify Dna Double Strand Break Repair Kinetics In The Living Cell After Exposure To Γ-Rays And Radiomimetic Chemicals, Salim Abdisalaam

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

The kinetics of most proteins involved in DNA damage sensing, signaling and repair following ionizing radiation exposure cannot be quantified by current live cell fluorescence microscopy methods. This is because most of these proteins, with only few notable exceptions, do not attach in large numbers at DNA damage sites to form easily detectable foci in microscopy images. As a result a high fluorescence background from freely moving and immobile fluorescent proteins in the nucleus masks the aggregation of proteins at sparse DNA damage sites. Currently, the kinetics of these repair proteins are studied by laser-induced damage and Fluorescence Recovery After …

Development Of Sers Nanoprobes For Multiplexed And Multi-Modality Molecular Diagnosis Of Cancer, James Otieno Nyagilo

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Importance of cancer diagnosis and staging through molecular biomarker detection is evident in the increasing number of molecular biomarkers being discovered that are associated with specific cancers types with their role in disease severity and progression being elucidated. Development of molecular imaging modalities capable of simultaneously detecting multiple molecular biomarkers will have a major impact on research, detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer. Combining molecular imaging with high resolution structural imaging can potentially deliver a cancer diagnostic imaging platform with superior resolution and sensitivity. Nanotechnology, specifically in the form of functionalized metal nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical and electromagnetic properties …

Micro-Device For Selective Isolation And Cytology Of Cancer Cells, Yuan Wan

Bioengineering Dissertations - Archive

Early detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can enable early cancer diagnosis and more effective therapeutics. Aptamers have emerged as probe molecules that have binding affinities comparable to antibodies but specificities better than those of antibodies. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is the most frequently overexpressed receptor in all human malignancies. The expression levels of EGFR in cancer cells can be over 100 times higher than those in normal cells. It is an attractive target for cancer therapy and cancer cell isolation.This dissertation focuses on two different areas: developing strategies for anti-EGFR aptamer based cancer cell isolation, and …

Raman Spectroscopy And Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy For Diagnosis Of Human Cancer And Acanthosis Nigricans, Suneetha Devpura

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cancer and diabetes are common chronic diseases in today's world causing numerous deaths in adults as well as children. Most common types of cancers in adults include prostate, lung, breast, colorectal and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, while among children; leukemia, and brain and central nervous system cancers are quite common. In each of these cases, early detection of the cancer or disease dramatically increases the chances of successful treatment. In recent years, there has been much interest in using Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as analytical optical spectroscopic methods for early diagnosis of diseases. Raman spectroscopy can …

Development Of Gelatin Microbubble Based Plga Scaffold For Application In Bone Tissue Engineering, Krishna M. Shah

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The overall goal of the study was to develop a delivery system for a potential bone tissue engineering application focusing on fabrication of gelatin microbubble (MB) based PLGA scaffolds capable of recruiting Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and delivering bioactive molecules. Challenges associated with inefficient use of stem cells, scaffolding techniques and poor understanding of the role of growth factors hinders the success of tissue engineering strategies. A major challenge with the use of autologous stem cells is its low proliferation and migratory capacity. Our lab previously established that using a biomaterial implant, autologous MSCs can be directed and recruited in …

Development Of Magnetic-Based Multi-Layer Microparticles For Stem Cell Isolation, Enrichment And Detachment, Sonia Santimano

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Stem cells have been studied and used in several cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine, 3D tissue-engineered scaffolds, and in vitro models for drug screening and testing. For instance, cell based therapy via the use of stem cells like Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, in-stent restenosis, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. In addition, Circulating Cancer Cells (CSCs) have been used as an indication of cancer progression-free survival and for studying the mechanisms of tumor formation, metastasis, and anti-cancer drug screening. Due to their extensive diagnostic and therapeutic potential, various techniques have been …

Quantification And Comparisons Of Motion Metrics For Finger Tapping Performed By Children With Cerebral Palsy Before And After Therapy With Two Motion Tracking Camera Systems, Ankita H. Chainani

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

The quantification of any improvements in the use of a paretic arm after children with cerebral palsy (CP) undergo rehabilitation is currently done by occupational therapists who administer a series of manual ability tests and assign a subjective score for each test task performed. In this work the hypothesis was explored of whether quantification of hand motion metrics by motion tracking while children with CP performed a hand tapping task could be used as a more quantitative surrogate for assessing how well these children control the use of their hand. To that end, two children with CP, both classified as …

Spectrophotometric Quantification Of Bilirubin In Sclera Of The Eye Using Visible Dlp® Hyperspectral Imaging, Naveen Balaji Balasubramanian

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

In clinical settings doctors strive to give best care to the patients by looking for methods to diagnose the illness early to intervene with the necessary treatment. In the case of patients with liver problems (e.g. cirrhosis, hepatitis) an early indicator of impaired liver function is an increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood circulation. Bilirubin concentration is currently quantified by blood sampling, which is invasive, and it would be desirable to have a technology that quantifies bilirubin non-invasively. The goal of this work was to help address this clinical need and develop a methodology for determining non-invasively a measure …

Antimicrobial Properties Of Citric Acid Based Polymers, Lee-Chun Su

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

A series of citric acid derived polymers synthesized in our lab were investigated and compared for their physiochemical and antimicrobial properties. We selected citric acid based polymers since citric acid is a product of natural metabolism. These polymers are not only biocompatible but also possess an antimicrobial effect. In polymer synthesis, citric acid (CA) provides profound functional groups available for binding and crosslinking to allow the controllable crosslinking degrees of polymers. A number of citric acid based polymers has been synthesized and studied for their chemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics for use in various biomedical applications. Since bacterial infections became …

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfacing Of Sensory Modalities, Nilanjana T. Dutta

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Peripheral neural interfaces (PNI) has proved potential to record motor commands for the control of these prosthetic limbs, together with stimulation of specific sensory axons, so as to transmit specific sensory sub-modalities. Although PNI is hypothesized to provide adequate sensory feedback, realizing this degree of specificity is not fully established. Recently, a regenerative multi-electrode interface (REMI) was reported to be capable of recording peripheral nerve activity from a transected nerve. This study is aimed at interfacing neural activity specific to sensory sub-modalities, such as thermal pain, mechanoception and limb stretching using the REMI, in a freely moving animal. In the …

Characterization Of Immune Response And Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Of Implanted Regenerative Multi-Electrode Interface Post-Subchronic Amputation, Camilo Andres Sanchez Useche

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Interfacing high degree-of-freedom robotic prosthetics directly to the peripheral nervous system aims at improving the quotidian life of amputees. Despite advancements in robotics that have lead to human-like upper limb prosthetics, long-term interfacing has not been accomplished, thus voiding them from clinical use. Interfacing electrodes in the central nervous system fail due to the foreign body reaction and glial scar formation at the site of implantation. Concrete mechanisms for the failure of long-term Interfacing at the peripheral nervous level remain unclear. A regenerative multi-electrode interface (REMI) which allows for action potential recording as early as 7 days and provides support …