Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

The Protective Role Of Mlcp-Mediated Erm Dephosphorylation In Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury In Vitro And In Vivo, Anita Kovacs-Kasa, Boris A. Gorshkov, Kyung-Mi Kim, Sanjiv Kumar, Stephen M. Black, David J. Fulton, Christiana Dimitropoulou, John D. Catravas, Alexander D. Verin

Bioelectrics Publications

The goal of this study was to investigate the role of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) in a LPS model of acute lung injury (ALI). We demonstrate that ectopic expression of a constitutively-active (C/A) MLCP regulatory subunit (MYPT1) attenuates the ability of LPS to increase endothelial (EC) permeability. Down-regulation of MYPT1 exacerbates LPS-induced expression of ICAM1 suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of MLCP. To determine whether MLCP contributes to LPS-induced ALI in vivo, we utilized a nanoparticle DNA delivery method to specifically target lung EC. Expression of a C/A MYPT1 reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation and vascular permeability. Further, increased expression of the …

Effects Of High Voltage Nanosecond Electric Pulses On Eukaryotic Cells (In Vitro): A Systematic Review, Tina Batista Napotink, Matej Reberšek, P. Thomas Vernier, Babara Mali, Damijan Miklavčič

Bioelectrics Publications

For this systematic review, 203 published reports on effects of electroporation using nanosecond high-voltage electric pulses (nsEP) on eukaryotic cells (human, animal, plant) in vitro were analyzed. A field synopsis summarizes current published data in the field with respect to publication year, cell types, exposure configuration, and pulse duration. Published data were analyzed for effects observed in eight main target areas (plasma membrane, intracellular, apoptosis, calcium level and distribution, survival, nucleus, mitochondria, stress) and an additional 107 detailed outcomes. We statistically analyzed effects of nsEP with respect to three pulse duration groups: A: 1–10 ns, B: 11–100 ns and C: …

Nanosecond Pulsed Platelet-Rich Plasma (Nsprp) Improves Mechanical And Electrial Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Barbara Y. Hargrave, Frency Varghese, Nektarios Barabutis, John Catravas, Christian Zemlin

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) of the heart is associated with biochemical and ionic changes that result in cardiac contractile and electrical dysfunction. In rabbits, platelet-rich plasma activated using nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPRP) has been shown to improve left ventricular pumping. Here, we demonstrate that nsPRP causes a similar improvement in mouse left ventricular function. We also show that nsPRP injection recovers electrical activity even before reperfusion begins. To uncover the mechanism of nsPRP action, we studied whether the enhanced left ventricular function in nsPRP rabbit and mouse hearts was associated with increased expression of heat-shock proteins and altered mitochondrial …

Relating Ion Release And Ph To In Vitro Cell Viability For Gallium-Inclusive Bioactive Glasses, Timothy J. Keenan, L. M. Placek, T. L. Mcginnity, Mark R. Towler, M. M. Hall, A. W. Wren

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A bioactive glass (BG) in which Ga was substituted for Zn was formulated to investigate whether the ionic form of Ga can elicit effects similar to gallium nitrate. The ion release and pH of BG extracts were evaluated, as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility of extracts in contact with mouse fibroblasts and human osteoblasts. After incubation times of 1 year, the glass (TGa-1) containing the smaller Ga-addition (8 mol%) released the most sodium (Na) (1420 mg/L), silicon (Si) (221 mg/L), and Ga (1295 mg/L), while the glass (TGa-2) containing the larger Ga-addition (16 mol%), exhibited release levels between TGa-1, …

Oxygen Mass Transport In Stented Coronary Arteries, Eoin Murphy, Adrian S. Dunne, David Martin, Fergal Boyle

Articles

Oxygen deficiency, known as hypoxia, in arterial walls has been linked to increased intimal hyperplasia, which is the main adverse biological process causing in-stent restenosis. Stent implantation has significant effects on the oxygen transport into the arterial wall. Elucidating these effects is critical to optimizing future stent designs. In this study the most advanced oxygen transport model developed to date was assessed in two test cases and used to compare three coronary stent designs. Additionally, the predicted results from four simplified blood oxygen transport models are compared in the two test cases. The advanced model showed good agreement with experimental …

Self-Powered Microfluidic Device For Rapid Assay Of Antiplatelet Drugs, Bincy Jose, Peter Mccluskey, Niamh Gilmartin, Martin Somers, Dermot Kenny, Antonio J. Ricco, Nigel Kent, Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts

Articles

We report the development of a microfluidic device for the rapid assay in whole blood of platelet-protein interactions indicative of the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs—e.g., aspirin and Plavix, two of the world’s most widely used drugs—in cardiovascular patients. Because platelet adhesion to surface-confined protein matrices is modulated by fluid shear rates at the blood/protein interface, and because such binding is a better indicator of platelet function than platelet self-aggregation, we designed, fabricated, and characterized the performance of a family of disposable, self-powered microfluidic chips with well-defined flow and interfacial shear rates suitable for small blood volumes (≤ 200 µL). We …

Assessment Of Optimized Electrode Configuration In Electrical Impedance Myography Study Using Genetic Algorithm Via Finite Element Model, Somen Baidya

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM) is a neurophysiologic technique in which high- frequency, low-intensity electrical current is applied via surface electrodes over a muscle or muscle group of interest and the resulting electrical parameters (resistance, reactance and phase) are analyzed to isolate diseased muscles from healthy ones. Beside muscle properties, some other anatomic and non-anatomic factors like muscle shape, subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness, inter-electrode distance, etc. also impact the major EIM parameters and thus affect the EIM analysis outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of variation in some of these factors impose on EIM parameters and …

Predicting Asthma Exacerbations Employing Remotely Monitored Adherence, Isabelle Killane, Imran Sulaiman, Elaine Mac Hale, Aoife Breathnach, Terrence Taylor, Martin Holmes, Richard B Reilly, Richard W Costello

Articles

This Letter investigated the efficacy of a decision-support system, designed for respiratory medicine, at predicting asthma exacerbations in a multi-site longitudinal randomised control trial. Adherence to inhaler medication was acquired over 3 months from patients with asthma employing a dose counter and a remote monitoring adherence device which recorded participant's inhaler use: n = 184 (23,656 audio files), 61% women, age (mean ± sd) 49.3 ± 16.4. Data on occurrence of exacerbations was collected at three clinical visits, 1 month apart. The relative risk of an asthma exacerbation for those with good and poor adherence was examined employing a univariate …

Oxygen Transport, Shear Stress, And Metabolism In Perfused Hepatocyte-Seeded Scaffolds With Radial Pore Architecture: Experimental And Computational Analyses, Chijioke Mbanu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Several modalities have been proposed as treatments or temporary stop-gap for patients suffering from liver failure until a suitable organ is available. However there is still an urgent need for an off-the-shelf device that can accommodate clinically relevant cell numbers, be cultured at physiological oxygen tensions and, can be fully integrated into and heal the injured hepatic space. In this study we investigated the effects that convective and direct oxygenation had on hepatocyte functionality, morphology and viability while cultured in bulk 3D chitosan scaffolds and perfusion bioreactor systems. Cylindrical chitosan scaffolds with radial directed pore structures were fabricated by a …

Severity Of Spinal Cord Injury Influences Diffusion Tensor Imaging Of The Brain, Michael B. Jirjis, Aditya Vedantam, Matthew D. Budde, Benjamin Kalinosky, Shekar N. Kurpad

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether DTI changes in the brain induced by a thoracic spinal cord injury are sensitive to varying severity of spinal contusion in rats.

Methods: A control, mild, moderate, or severe contusion injury was administered over the eighth thoracic vertebral level in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats. At 11 weeks postinjury, ex vivo DTI of the brain was performed on a 9.4T Bruker scanner using a pulsed gradient spin-echo sequence.

Results: Mean water diffusion in the internal capsule regions of the brain and pyramid locations of the brainstem were correlated with motor function (r …

Automated Selection Of The Optimal Cardiac Phase For Single-Beat Coronary Ct Angiography Reconstruction, Daniel Stassi, S. Dutta, H. Ma, A. Soderman, D. Pazzani, E. Gros, D. Okerlund, Taly Gilat-Schmidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: Reconstructing a low-motion cardiac phase is expected to improve coronary artery visualization in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) exams. This study developed an automated algorithm for selecting the optimal cardiac phase for CCTA reconstruction. The algorithm uses prospectively gated, single-beat, multiphase data made possible by wide cone-beam imaging. The proposed algorithm differs from previous approaches because the optimal phase is identified based on vessel image quality (IQ) directly, compared to previous approaches that included motion estimation and interphase processing. Because there is no processing of interphase information, the algorithm can be applied to any sampling of image phases, …

Assessing Photoreceptor Structure Associated With Ellipsoid Zone Disruptions Visualized With Optical Coherence Tomography, Drew Scoles, John A. Flatter, Robert F. Cooper, Christopher S. Langlo, Scott Robison, Maureen Neitz, David V. Weinberg, Mark E. Pennesi, Dennis P. Han, Alfredo Dubra, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To compare images of photoreceptor layer disruptions obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) in a variety of pathologic states.

Methods: Five subjects with photoreceptor ellipsoid zone disruption as per OCT and clinical diagnoses of closed-globe blunt ocular trauma (n = 2), macular telangiectasia type 2 (n = 1), blue-cone monochromacy (n = 1), or cone-rod dystrophy (n = 1) were included. Images were acquired within and around photoreceptor lesions using spectral domain OCT, confocal AOSLO, and split-detector AOSLO.

Results: There were substantial differences in the extent and appearance of the photoreceptor mosaic …

Biomechanics Of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Current Concepts And Emerging Horizons, Carolyne Albert, Jessica M. Fritz, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Osteogenesis inperfecta (OI) is associated with bone fragility. Long bone fractures are a common occurrence in individuals with OI. Although there have been significant advances in understanding the genetic defects associated with OI, the mechanisms behind bone fragility in this patient population are not yet well understood. This fragility is believed to stem in part from characteristic bone mass deficiencies. Research further suggests that the material properties of the bone are also compromised in individuals with this disorder. There is currently on quantitative method available to assess bone fracture risk in individuals with OI. This chapter examines several critical elements …

Fluoroscopic System For Assessment Of In Vivo Hindfoot Kinematics During Gait: Control Data And Applications In Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Ben Mchenry, Jason Long, Peter Smith, Haluk Altiok, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Motion Analysis Strategy Appropriate For 3d Kinematic Assessment Of Children And Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Jeffrey D. Kertis, Jessica M. Fritz, Sergey Tarima, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Human motion analysis provides a quantitative means of assessing whole body and segmental motion of subjects with musculoskeletal pathologies. This chapter describes a low cost motion analysis appropriate for complete three-dimensional (3D) assessment of upper and lower extremity kinematics. The system has been designed to support lower cost outreach efforts that require accuracy and resolution on the order of classical fixed lot systems such as Vicon. The focus of this work addresses the assessment needs typically seen in adults and children with osteogenesis imperfect (OI) experiencing ambulatory and upper extremity challenges.

Nih Visible Human Project Humerus Numerical And Physical Models: Characterization For Osteogenesis Imperfecta Fracture Study, Prateek Grover, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Assessment Of Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Adam Graf, Joseph Krzak, Angela Caudill, Ann Flanagan, Peter Smith, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Assessments of children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) are typically limited to a physical exam and observations from a clinician during a hospital visit. Often quantitative information such as bone mineral density and outcome questionnaires is obtained, but with the increasing prevalence of motion analysis and other performance type laboratories, there are many other tools available, which could be beneficial to this patient population. These laboratories can provide date supplementary to morphologic and radiographic data that is helpful in tracking changes in the patient’s functional abilities, recover from fracture, and treatment outcomes. This chapter will cover some useful evaluation methods for …

Upper Extremity Inverse Dynamics Model For Loftstrand Crutch-Assisted Gait In Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Brooke A. Slavens, Neha Bhagchandani, Mei Wang, Peter A. Smith, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Walker Design For Kinetic Assessment Of Upper Extremity Joint Demands In Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Katherine A. Konop, Kelly M.B. Strifling, Mei Wang, Jeffrey P. Schwab, Jeffrey D. Ackman, Peter A. Smith, Gerald F. Harris

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Spatial Relationship Between Fixation And Foveal Specializations, Melissa A. Wilk, Adam M. Dubis, Robert F. Cooper, Phyllis Summerfelt, Alfredo Dubra, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Increased cone photoreceptor density, an avascular zone (FAZ), and the displacement of inner retinal neurons to form a pit are distinct features of the human fovea. As the fovea provides the majority of our vision, appreciating how these anatomical specializations are related is important for understanding foveal development, normal visual function, and retinal disease. Here we evaluated the relationship between these specializations and their location relative to the preferred retinal locus of fixation (PRL). We measured foveal pit volume, FAZ area, peak cone density, and location of the PRL in 22 subjects with normal vision using optical coherence tomography and …