Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Fingernail Clippings Can Help Differentiate Between Postmenopausal Women Who Have And Have Not Suffered A Fracture, James R. Beattie, Niamh M. Cummins, Clare Caraher, Olive M. O'Driscoll, Aruna T. Bansal, Richard Eastell, Stuart H. Ralston, Michael D. Stone, Gill Pearson, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Raman spectroscopy was applied to nail clippings from 633 postmenopausal British and Irish women, from six clinical sites, of whom 42% had experienced a fragility fracture. The objective was to build a prediction algorithm for fracture using data from four sites (known as the calibration set) and test its performance using data from the other two sites (known as the validation set). Results from the validation set showed that a novel algorithm, combining spectroscopy data with clinical data, provided area under the curve (AUC) of 74% compared to an AUC of 60% from a reduced QFracture score (a clinically accepted …

An Electromechanical System For Characterization Of Piezoelectric Materials, Ahmet Sait Asan

Theses

Piezoelectric materials have been used in medical applications for a long time due to their unique characteristics, which is to respond to mechanical stimulation by producing an electrical current and vice versa. They perform a pivotal role in medical applications both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this regard, characterizing the piezoelectric properties of these materials is crucial for their usage. In this particular study, an electromechanical system for measurement of piezoelectric output signals is designed and tested. The project is motivated by the question: can the piezoelectric properties be characterized by applying different mechanical stimulation waveforms and frequencies. Two …

Nano-Photonic Waveguides For Chemical And Biomedical Sensing, Surya Venkatasekhar Cheemalapati

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, advances in the fields of Photonics, and Plasmonics, and specifically, single cell analysis and waveguide sensing will be addressed. The first part of the dissertation is on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) optimization and experimental demonstration of a nano-scale instrument that allows sensing at the cellular and subcellular levels. A new design of plasmonic coupler into a nanoscale waveguide is proposed and optimized using FDTD simulations. Following this, a subcellular nanoendoscope that can locally excite fluorescence in labelled cell organelles and collect the emitted fluorescent light for detailed spectrum analysis is fabricated and tested. The nanoendoscope has …

Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Drug Delivery For Ovarian Cancer Therapy, Yiru Qin

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Ovarian cancer, one of the most dreadful malignancies of the female reproductive system, poses a lethal threat to women worldwide. In this dissertation, the objective was to introduce a novel type of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) based nano-sized drug delivery systems (DDS) for ovarian cancer treatment. As a starting point, the facile synthesis method of the GQDs was established. Subsequently, the targeting ligand,folic acid (FA), was conjugated to GQDs. Next, a FDA approved chemotherapeutic drug, Doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded to form the GQDs-FA-DOX nano-conjugation as the DDS. Moreover, the uptake profile and anti-cancer effect of the GQDs-FA-DOX were validated in …

Impaired Corpus Cavernosum Relaxation Is Accompanied By Increased Oxidative Stress And Up-Regulation Of The Rho-Kinase Pathway In Diabetic (Db/Db) Mice, Fernanda Bruschi Marinho Priviero, Haroldo A.F. Toque, Kênia Pedrosa Nunes, Denise Gonçalves Priolli, Cleber Evandro Teixeira, Robert Clinton Webb

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

Basal release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells modulates contractile activity in the corpus cavernosum via inhibition of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway. We aimed to investigate nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress and the Rho-kinase pathway in the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum of an obese and diabetic model of mice (db/db mice). We hypothesized that in db/db mice impaired relaxation induced by Rho-kinase inhibitor is accompanied by diminished NO bioavailability, increased oxidative stress and upregulation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signalling pathway. Cavernosal strips from male lean and non-diabetic db/+ and db/db mice were mounted in myographs and isometric force in response …

Kcnq Channel Openers Reverse Depressive Symptoms Via An Active Resilience Mechanism, Allyson K. Friedman, Barbara Juarez, Stacy M. Ku, Hongxing Zhang, Rhodora C. Calizo, Jessica J. Walsh, Depish Chaudhury, Song Zhang, Angel Hawkins, David M. Dietz, James W. Murrogh, Maria Ribadeneira, Erik H. Wong, Rachael L. Neve, Ming-Hu Han

Publications and Research

Less than half of patients suffering from major depressive disorder, a leading cause of disability worldwide, achieve remission with current antidepressants, making it imperative to develop more effective treatment. A new therapeutic direction is emerging from the increased understanding of natural resilience as an active stress-coping process. It is known that potassium (Kþ) channels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are an active mediator of resilience. However, no druggable targets have been identified to potentiate active resilience mechanisms. In the chronic social defeat stress model of depression, we report that KCNQ-type Kþ channel openers, including FDA-approved drug retigabine (ezogabine), show …

Using Mathematical Modeling To Unmask The Concealed Nature Of Long Qt-3 Syndrome, Steven Poelzing, Amara Greer-Short, Seth H. Weinberg

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Pressure Relationships Of Inspired Air Into The Human Lung Bifurcations, Parya Aghasafari, Israr Ibrahim, Ramana Pidaparti

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Hiv Vaccines: Progress, Limitations And A Crispr/Cas9 Vaccine, Omar A. Garcia Martinez

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

ABSTRACT: The HIV-1 pandemic continues to thrive due to ineffective HIV-1 vaccines. Historically, the world’s most infectious diseases, such as polio and smallpox, have been eradicated or have come close to eradication due to the advent of effective vaccines. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is able to delay the onset of AIDS but can neither rid the body of HIV-1 proviral DNA nor prevent further transmission. A prophylactic vaccine that prevents the various mechanisms HIV-1 has to evade and attack our immune system is needed to end the HIV-1 pandemic. Recent advances in engineered nuclease systems, like the CRISPR/Cas9 system, have …

Methodological Considerations Of Electron Spin Resonance Spin Trapping Techniques For Measuring Reactive Oxygen Species Generated From Metal Oxide Nanomaterials, Min Sook Jeong, Kyeong-Nam Yu, Hyun Hoon Chung, Soo Jin Park, Ah Young Lee, Mi Ryoung Song, Myung-Haing Cho, Jun Sung Kim

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated on the surfaces of nanomaterials are important for understanding their toxicity and toxic mechanisms, which are in turn beneficial for manufacturing more biocompatible nanomaterials in many industrial fields. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a useful tool for detecting ROS formation. However, using this technique without first considering the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and proper conditions of the spin trapping agent (such as incubation time) may lead to misinterpretation of the resulting data. In this report, we suggest methodological considerations for ESR as pertains to magnetism, sample preparation and proper incubation …

Can Neuromorphic Computer Vision Inform Vision Science? Disparity Estimation As A Case Study, Guido Maiello, Manuela Chessa, Peter J. Bex, Fabio Solari

MODVIS Workshop

The primate visual system efficiently and effectively solves a multitude of tasks from orientation detection to motion detection. The Computer Vision community is therefore beginning to implement algorithms that mimic the processing hierarchies present in the primate visual system in the hope of achieving flexible and robust artificial vision systems. Here, we reappropriate the neuroscience “borrowed” by the Computer Vision community and ask whether neuromorphic computer vision solutions may give us insight into the functioning of the primate visual system. Specifically, we implement a neuromorphic algorithm for disparity estimation and compare its performance against that of human observers. The algorithm …

Fed-Batch Process Development Using Metabolically Efficient Cho Cells, Cecile Toussaint

Cell Culture Engineering XV

The development and application of fed-batch strategies have greatly contributed to the improvement of the productivity of cell culture processes. However, in such processes, lactate and ammonia accumulation in the culture medium over time can have detrimental impacts on cell growth and product quality. Continuous cell lines typically exhibit an inefficient metabolism whereby most of the pyruvate derived from glucose is diverted to lactate and only a small percentage is incorporated into the TCA cycle. Thus, further process improvements can be expected by combining the application of rational fed-batch strategies with targeted metabolic engineering of cells to reduce waste metabolite …

Deepening Knowledge On Cho Cells Metabolism Using Multiple Tracer Substrates, Ana Teixeira, Manuel Carrondo

Cell Culture Engineering XV

Optimization of culture conditions through trial-and-error has led to much of the past progress on animal cell culture. Today, a renewed account of the underlying biologies through a “systems” view is providing a deeper knowledge of cellular physiology and laying the basis to reengineer desirable states of further increased culture performance. In this work, we took a comprehensive view of cellular metabolism by extensively profiling extracellular and intracellular metabolomes after ¹³C‑label supplementation in parallel labelling cultures of [1,2-¹³C]Glucose, [U-¹³C,¹⁵N]Asn, [U-¹³C,¹⁵N]Ser and [1-¹³C]Pyruvate. This integrative approach was used …

A Holistic Approach To Facility Protection From Adventitious Agents – A Case Study, Matthew Osborne, Ronan Kelly, Ann Maria Mccrohan, Marie Murphy

Cell Culture Engineering XV

The Eli Lilly biologics manufacturing facility in Kinsale, Ireland has been operational since 2010 with a 100% cell culture contamination control success rate. The presentation will review the holistic approach to facility protection from adventitious agents that underpins this success including:

• The risk assessment approach to points of entry and management via detectability and control measures
• The approach to personnel training that considers human factors, increased vigilance and event simulations following strategies that are used in chemical synthesis process safety

The presentation will then focus on control of adventitious virus. The talk will briefly comment on the early warning measures …

Nanofiltration As An Effective Means To Prevent Virus Contamination Of Cell Culture Processes, Christina Carbrello

Cell Culture Engineering XV

While cell culture media is typically sterile filtered to remove bacteria and mycoplasma, many bioreactors remain unprotected from viral contamination. As awareness of the risk for viral contamination of cell culture processes grows, manufacturers are seeking virus barrier technologies to remove or inactivate viruses. Filtration is an ideal technology in terms of familiarity, ease of use and scalability. However, hurdles to its implementation remain, most notably, the high cost and large footprints required to implement filters designed for the downstream process and the concern that the small pore size of virus filters could impact cell culture performance. A filter specifically …

Development Of An Enriched Cho Feed Media For Quality Therapeutic Antibody Production From High Performing Clones, David Ho

Cell Culture Engineering XV

The use of feed media during protein production is essential to sustain viable cell densities and facilitate high productivity for modern high performing clones. However, the introduction of feed media can also have a significant impact on product quality attributes, such as glycosylation for therapeutic antibodies, which can ultimately impact therapeutic efficacy. For certain antibodies, the absence of fucose on the N-glycan at Asparagine 297 of the Fc domain has been shown to significantly increase binding to the FcgammaRIII receptor on NK cells and results in increased ADCC activity. Here we have incorporated product quality analysis including N-glycan analysis into …

Using Definitive Screening Design To Effectively Assess The Combinatorial Impacts Of Media Supplements On Monoclonal Antibody Production In Mammalian Cells, Aaron Chen

Cell Culture Engineering XV

Process understanding is an essential component of QbD principles. Cell culture media composition can impact many process performance parameters such as viable cell density, product yield and product quality attributes. In order to enhance process understanding and exert better process control, numerous media supplements have previously been tested. However, their combinatorial effects on process and product quality have largely been unexplored. This is partially due to the resource and efforts required to execute relatively large size of experiment and data analysis.

Recent advancement in modern design of experiment methodology has alleviated this issue. The definitive screening design (DSD) allows for …

Adapting An In-Licensed/Acquired Cell Culture Process To Platform Conditions, Raghunath Shivappa

Cell Culture Engineering XV

The use of platform materials and processes for new products help streamline process development, enhance predictability and efficiency during manufacturing, and simplify the raw materials supply chain. Although common, adaptation of cell expression systems can require a significant amount of process development work to achieve desired product yield, quality, and comparability. Here, we present a progressive development approach for evaluating platform media and feeds for an acquired cell culture process.

A CHO-DG 44 cell line expressing a novel antibody product was procured through acquisition. The original non-platform media and fed-batch process yielded titers of approximately 3 g/L. A study was …

Antibody Production With Site-Specific Non-Natural Amino Acid Incorporation For Generation Of Antibody Drug Conjugates, Alyssa Powell

Cell Culture Engineering XV

Ambrx’s mammalian expression platform (EuCODE) enables site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids into antibodies. This EuCODE technology provides a means for stable payload linkages at defined sites and with a defined DAR of 2 for antibody drug conjugate (ADC) generation. While the ability to control the DAR and payload site can provide an advantage to an ADC, the incorporation of the non-natural amino acid into the antibody heavy chain introduces a unique challenge for antibody production.

To achieve high production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) containing non-natural amino acids, we engineered a CHO-K1 cell line which stably contains Ambrx’s patented tRNA …

Evaluating Sugar-Based Detergents As A Potential Alternative To Poloxamer Bubble Protectant, Jessica Wuu, Jayanthi Lakkyreddy, Steven Meier

Cell Culture Engineering XV

Poloxamer 188 (commonly referred to as Pluronic® F-68) is a commonly-used medium component which protects against bubble-induced shear in mammalian cell cultures. Recently, concerns have arisen due to limited sourcing and variable performance of this critical component. In 2008, Hu, et al.¹ proposed the use of sugar-based detergents – specifically, maltopyranosides and glucopyranosides – as potential bubble protectants based on their rheological properties and relatively low toxicity to cells. This work explores the feasibility of these detergents using commercially relevant CHO cell lines and media. Detergent candidates were evaluated based on their tolerance by cells, stability in cell culture …