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“Let The Goddess Guide”: Athena, Columbia, And The Greco-Roman Roots Of American Imperial Rhetoric, Bridget Goguen 2026 Providence College

“Let The Goddess Guide”: Athena, Columbia, And The Greco-Roman Roots Of American Imperial Rhetoric, Bridget Goguen

History & Classics Undergraduate Theses

The goddess of wisdom and war models intellect without complacency, valor without rashness. Claiming this duality—a civilized militancy—from their patron goddess Athena, an ancient Athenian citizenry could rationalize imperial conquest as democratic goodwill. Millennia later, the United States, seeking subtle proclamation of classical succession, crafted their national personification Columbia from the mold of Athena. From the Civil War until the First World War, Americans called on Columbia to symbolically sanction and spectacularize their own imperial ascent. This paper explores the American adaptation of Greco-Roman rhetoric through the mediums of cartoons, sculptures, and paintings in order to reveal the ancient roots …


Chalmers Library Research Award Winner 2026, Cooper Bertschi 2026 Kenyon College

Chalmers Library Research Award Winner 2026, Cooper Bertschi

Chalmers Library Research Award

No abstract provided.


Back Matter, 2026 Harding University

Back Matter

Tenor of Our Times

Back Matter


Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Jr Duke, David T. Richardson 2026 Harding University

Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Jr Duke, David T. Richardson

Tenor of Our Times

Faculty Spotlight


"Under The Fig-Tree": Anti-Federalist Conceptions Of American National Identity, Clara Kernodle 2026 Harding University

"Under The Fig-Tree": Anti-Federalist Conceptions Of American National Identity, Clara Kernodle

Tenor of Our Times

The constitutional convention of 1787 gave America some of her most energetic and exciting few months in American history. The Federalists proposed the Constitution as a replacement for existing government, opposed by Anti-Federalists on principled grounds. Thus ensued a mountain of political writing and propaganda that historians still study today. The Anti-Federalists lost the debate, and then were lost to history. Few Americans have even heard of the Anti-Federalists and even fewer scholars study their writings. But reading and evaluating Anti-Federalist writing is an important part of studying the Founding era and Constitutional debates. The Anti-Federalists, as much as their …


Front Matter, 2026 Harding University

Front Matter

Tenor of Our Times

Front Matter


Full Issue, 2026 Harding University

Full Issue

Tenor of Our Times

Full Issue


Spotlight - Mecca Mejor, William DeLoach 2026 Harding University

Spotlight - Mecca Mejor, William Deloach

Tenor of Our Times

Staff Spotlight


One Of These Things Is Not Like The Other: Differences Between The New Deal And Great Society, Brayden T. Gallagher 2026 Harding University

One Of These Things Is Not Like The Other: Differences Between The New Deal And Great Society, Brayden T. Gallagher

Tenor of Our Times

This paper examines the differences between the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Great Society of Lyndon B. Johnson, challenging the prevailing interpretation that the latter administration was the logical continuation of the former. Through comparative historical analysis of policy and rhetoric, the research finds that, despite clear similarities such as expanded government involvement and social welfare programs, the two initiatives diverged significantly. The New Deal prioritized economic recovery through short-term job creation while often tolerating or reinforcing racial inequality. In contrast, the Great Society directly confronted systemic racism and struck at the roots of poverty through education, …


Model Woman: Realizing Frances Folsom Cleveland As A Fashion Archetype Of Gilded-Age America, Olivia R. Sweet 2026 Otterbein University

Model Woman: Realizing Frances Folsom Cleveland As A Fashion Archetype Of Gilded-Age America, Olivia R. Sweet

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

This paper is an exploration of former First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland’s position as an influential figure in women’s fashion during her years in the White House, seeking to fill a gap in historical scholarship regarding her legacy. It proposes the term “fashion archetype” to describe the phenomenon of celebrity that Frances experienced in which her public persona was detached from her individual identity and manipulated by the media to influence American women. Analysis of her early-White House wardrobe and the media attention her style and appearance received reveals the power that clothing held in nineteenth-century American society, as well …


Editor's Note, William DeLoach 2026 Harding University

Editor's Note, William Deloach

Tenor of Our Times

Editor's Note


Speculative Spies: The Pinkerton National Detective Agency, Business, And Labor Conflict In The Gilded Age, Luke M. Gibbs 2026 Harding University

Speculative Spies: The Pinkerton National Detective Agency, Business, And Labor Conflict In The Gilded Age, Luke M. Gibbs

Tenor of Our Times

The Pinkerton Agency molded into an “arm of capital” used by the wealthy against labor during the Gilded Age. However, such a transition seems confusing given the life of the company’s founder. Allan Pinkerton, once a champion of workers’ rights in his home country of Scotland, seemingly used his agency to side with the wealthy elite. In explaining these shifts, historian Sean Paul O’Hara agrees with a “profits and negative image” narrative. The poor financial position of the agency, coupled with a battered reputation resulting from failures in the American West, would be remedied through the lucrative business that was …


Phi Alpha Theta Arkansas Regional Conference 2026, Jacob Rooney 2026 Harding University

Phi Alpha Theta Arkansas Regional Conference 2026, Jacob Rooney

Tenor of Our Times

Phi Alpha Theta Regional Conference 2026


History Day At Harding 2026, Julie E Harris 2026 Harding University

History Day At Harding 2026, Julie E Harris

Tenor of Our Times

History Day in Arkansas summary.


From Stone Campbell To Brick And Mortar: A Look Into The Origins Of Restoration Colleges, Donald C. Matthews 2026 Harding University

From Stone Campbell To Brick And Mortar: A Look Into The Origins Of Restoration Colleges, Donald C. Matthews

Tenor of Our Times

This article examines the paradoxical rise of Bible colleges within the Stone Campbell Restoration Movement between the early nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. Founded upon a principled rejection of human institutions, creeds, and ecclesiastical hierarchies, the movement nonetheless came to rely upon organized centers of learning to preserve its theological identity in a rapidly modernizing America. Tracing the movement’s intellectual roots through Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell, the article explores how early Restoration leaders reconciled anti-institutional convictions with an emerging commitment to disciplined biblical education. Particular attention is given to Bethany College and its influence on second-generation …


“Opening Up The Flood Gates:” A Review Of The International Response To The Hungarian Refugee Crisis 1956-57., Jacob N. Anderson 2026 Harding University

“Opening Up The Flood Gates:” A Review Of The International Response To The Hungarian Refugee Crisis 1956-57., Jacob N. Anderson

Tenor of Our Times

Following the suppressed Hungarian Revolution in 1956, there was a massive emigration from Hungary to surrounding European nations and the United States to escape oppression under the new Soviet regime. As a result, many of those nations faced large humanitarian debates about accepting refugees from Soviet tyranny and were forced to alter their refugee and immigration policy. Some of these alterations appear to be sincere and reflect popular sentiment, but some appear to be simply a false act of solidarity amidst the international stage, reflecting very conservative ethnic and religious reservations.


15 Nr120 Monthly Lists Knyphausen Regiment April 1776 To October 1783, Johannes Schwalm Historical Association 2026 Kutztown University

15 Nr120 Monthly Lists Knyphausen Regiment April 1776 To October 1783, Johannes Schwalm Historical Association

Schwalm Marburg Files

No abstract provided.


The Last Boat: How American And Polish Domestic And Foreign Policies Shaped The Polish Jewish Emigration Experience, 1933–1939, Jesse Spadaccini 2026 Providence College

The Last Boat: How American And Polish Domestic And Foreign Policies Shaped The Polish Jewish Emigration Experience, 1933–1939, Jesse Spadaccini

History & Classics Undergraduate Theses

The interwar period from 1918 to 1939 saw Poland and the United States contend with major international and domestic questions regarding Jewish emigration. In a matter of twenty years, Polish policy developed from protecting its Jewish minority to actively persecuting it in political, economic, and social spheres with radical antisemitism. In the United States, immigration was limited post-1924 because of a nationality-based quota system introduced by the Immigration Act of 1924. Despite diplomats arguing for increased numbers, American officials’ position remained strong on limiting immigration, continuing unchanged as an understanding of Polish-Jewish plight became clear in the 1930s. The Polish …


Let's All Go To The Lobby: Examining The American Cold War Experience Through Film, Renaldo Gonzales Jr. 2026 Gettysburg College

Let's All Go To The Lobby: Examining The American Cold War Experience Through Film, Renaldo Gonzales Jr.

GLI MA in American History Student Works

The films of the American film industry produced and released during the Cold War are as varied as the complex events that occurred throughout the entirety of the conflict. These films can provide an understanding of how the feelings and attitudes of the American people shifted and evolved as the Cold War progressed. This work will examine a small sample of these films, focusing on one film from the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. By providing critiques and reviews of the film from the time of its original release, information about the motives of the director of the films being …


Living Letters, Jacob Rooney 2026 Harding University

Living Letters, Jacob Rooney

Tenor of Our Times

Living Letters


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