British-Romanian Relations During The Cold War, 2013 The University of Western Ontario
British-Romanian Relations During The Cold War, Mihaela Sitariu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
In the aftermath of the Second World War British-Romanian relations were strained, marked by accusations of espionage directed towards Britain’s diplomats and requests for recalls. The British Government reacted moderately to these, acquiescing to recall their diplomats but refusing to concede to the Romanians when it came to their ‘flimsy’ accusations. Negotiation was preferred to reprisals especially when certain Britons had to be rescued from the Communists’ hands. In one respect Britain was not that indulgent: when money was involved, particularly the assets of oil companies nationalized in 1948.
Trade remained a priority for both the British and Romanian governments. …
2012-13 Jlia Masthead, 2013 Penn State Law
2012-13 Jlia Masthead
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
Protecting Shareholders From Themselves: How The United Kingdom’S 2011 Takeover Code Amendments Hit Their Mark, 2013 Dickinson School of Law, Penn State University
Protecting Shareholders From Themselves: How The United Kingdom’S 2011 Takeover Code Amendments Hit Their Mark, Matthew Peetz
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Kraft’s takeover of Cadbury in 2011 caused considerable uproar in the United Kingdom. The political outcry caused significant amendments to the United Kingdom’s regulatory framework over mergers and acquisitions, the so-called, Takeover Code. These changes to the Takeover Code were made to help relieve pressure on target companies during takeover situations, and to correct the imbalance of power in favor of bidding companies that the political community had perceived during the Kraft-Cadbury takeover. After the changes were made, but before they were implemented, the business community expressed concern that these added regulations would be detrimental to the M&A market as …
The Case Of Christmas Island: How International Law Affects The Australian-Malaysian Refugee Deal, 2013 Penn State Law
The Case Of Christmas Island: How International Law Affects The Australian-Malaysian Refugee Deal, Ria Pereira
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
In July 2011, Australia and Malaysia entered into an arrangement in which Australian asylum seekers would be removed to neighboring Malaysia to have their asylum claims processed. Following widespread criticism in the media, Australia’s High Court ruled that such a deal violated Australia’s refuges protection laws. While this ruling should have put an end to the deal, Australia’s Immigration Minister indicated that the agreement might nevertheless be feasible. Policy makers proposed amending Australian domestic immigration laws to allow the deal to go forward unencumbered. A bill to amend Australia’s Migration Act was subsequently introduced. As it currently stands, Australian law …
The Cost Of Fear: An Analysis Of Sex Offender Registration, Community Notification, And Civil Commitment Laws In The United States And The United Kingdom, 2013 Dickinson School of Law, Penn State University
The Cost Of Fear: An Analysis Of Sex Offender Registration, Community Notification, And Civil Commitment Laws In The United States And The United Kingdom, Kate Hynes
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
Sex offenders are often seen as a notorious group in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The public opinion of the masses has often found its way into the laws which restrict the privacy and freedoms of many sex offenders. This comment will examine the often divergent trends in lawmaking and judicial authority in both countries in regard to sex offender registration, community notification, and civil commitment. Further, the comment will study the lasting effects on the sex offender population and potential civil rights implications.
How Precipitous A Decline? U.S.-Iranian Relations And The Transition From American Primacy, 2013 School of International Service, American University
How Precipitous A Decline? U.S.-Iranian Relations And The Transition From American Primacy, Hillary Mann Leverett
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
This essay is grounded in two basic propositions. The first is that the greatest strategic challenge facing the United States is extricating its foreign policy from a well-worn but deeply counterproductive quest for hegemonic dominance in critical areas of the world, especially the Middle East. The second is that Washington’s handling of its relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran constitutes a crucial test of America’s capacity to put its foreign policy on a more productive and realistic trajectory. Since the Islamic Republic’s founding in 1979, Washington has refused to understand and accept the basic model underlying its political order—the …
The Prohibition On The Use Of Force For Arms Control: The Case Of Iran’S Nuclear Program, 2013 University of Notre Dame Law School
The Prohibition On The Use Of Force For Arms Control: The Case Of Iran’S Nuclear Program, Mary Ellen O'Connell, Reyam El Molla
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
International law does not permit the use of military force against Iran to attempt to end its nuclear program. The resort to military force in international relations is covered first and foremost by Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter. Article 2(4) is a general prohibition on resort to force that includes resort to military force for arms control, including nuclear weapons control. The Charter has two express but limited exceptions to the ban on military force. A state that is the victim of a significant armed attack may use force in necessary and proportional self-defense; the United Nations Security …
Caroline Revisited: An Imagined Exchange Between John Kerry And Mohammad Javad Zarif, 2013 Dickinson School of Law & School of International Affairs, Penn State University
Caroline Revisited: An Imagined Exchange Between John Kerry And Mohammad Javad Zarif, James W. Houck
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
In 1837, sailors of Great Britain's Royal Navy sank the American ship the Caroline over Niagra Falls. Great Britain justified the incident the preemptive strike as an act of self-defense. Diplomats of the two nations negotiated a legal framework to guide future preemptive uses of force. In the face of twenty-first century nuclear weapons, however, the Caroline framework seems outdated and impractical. To date, Iran continues to develop their nuclear program, while refusing international inspectors full access to their centrifuges. The United States is committed to keeping a nuclear weapon out of Iran's hands. The United States and Iran …
Iran's Nuclear Program And International Law, 2013 University of Alabama School of Law
Iran's Nuclear Program And International Law, Daniel H. Joyner
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
In this article, Professor Daniel Joyner analyzes the legal arguments on both sides of the Iran nuclear issue. The article address what the sides regard as the relevant sources of international nuclear law, and their respective interpretations of these sources law. Professor Joyner argues that Iran’s case illustrates warped and incorrect legal interpretations of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and other sources of law, and a prejudicial and inconsistent application of the law by the West and by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The article posits that this warped interpretation of NPT obligations has led to a bleak future for the …
Npt: A Pillar Of Global Governance, 2013 School of International Affairs, Penn State University
Npt: A Pillar Of Global Governance, Richard Butler
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
The NPT is regarded as the cornerstone of nuclear arms control. It is the sole, widely agreed commitment in international law, to a world free of nuclear weapons. This fact and its operational mechanisms, establish NPT as a pillar of global governance. Any breakout from it, such as the development of nuclear weapons by Iran, a non-nuclear weapons state party to NPT, would jeopardize the future of the treaty and deeply harm the structure of contemporary global governance. If it chooses to do so, Iran cannot be prevented from taking such action by threatening it with the use of force, …
The Iranian Nuclear Issue, The End Of The American Century, And The Future Of International Order, 2013 School of International Affairs, Penn State University
The Iranian Nuclear Issue, The End Of The American Century, And The Future Of International Order, Flynt L. Leverett
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
How the U.S.-Iranian competition for influence in the Middle East plays out will have profound consequences not just for the Middle East, but also for the legal frameworks, rules-based regimes, and mechanisms of global governance that shape international order in the 21st century. This is particularly true with regard to U.S.-Iranian disagreements over the Islamic Republic’s nuclear activities. Strategic competition between America and Iran and its implications for international order play out against a backdrop of the progressive diminution of U.S. leadership in world affairs. Relative decline challenges the United States to share the prerogatives of global governance, especially …
Foreword, 2013 Dickinson School of Law & School of International Affairs, Penn State University
Foreword, Amy C. Gaudion
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs
No abstract provided.
China, Japan And Korea: Hegemonic Stability And International Society In Northeast Asia During Ming And Qing, 2013 Florida International University
China, Japan And Korea: Hegemonic Stability And International Society In Northeast Asia During Ming And Qing, Lukas Danner
Lukas K. Danner
No abstract provided.
The Avenger - October 2013, 2013 Nova Southeastern University
The Avenger - October 2013, Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale Museum
The Avenger
No abstract provided.
Review Of Niccolò Machiavelli: An Intellectual Biography, 2013 East Tennessee State University
Review Of Niccolò Machiavelli: An Intellectual Biography, Brian Maxson
ETSU Faculty Works
The author offers a comprehensive analysis of the thought of Machiavelli situated against the backdrop of political and biographical developments in the early 16th century.
Review Of Niccolò Machiavelli: An Intellectual Biography, 2013 East Tennessee State University
Review Of Niccolò Machiavelli: An Intellectual Biography, Brian Maxson
Brian J. Maxson
The Early Modern Chinese Tribute System: Civilization As Source Of Soft Power, 2013 Florida International University
The Early Modern Chinese Tribute System: Civilization As Source Of Soft Power, Lukas Danner
Lukas K. Danner
No abstract provided.
Medieval International Relations Of East Asia: The Tribute System Reconsidered, 2013 Florida International University
Medieval International Relations Of East Asia: The Tribute System Reconsidered, Lukas Danner
Lukas K. Danner
No abstract provided.
Woodrow Wilson's Colonial Emissary: Edward M. House And The Origins Of The Mandate System, 1917-1919, 2013 University of Nebraska-Nebraska
Woodrow Wilson's Colonial Emissary: Edward M. House And The Origins Of The Mandate System, 1917-1919, Scot D. Bruce
Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
After World War I, reallocating the former German and Turkish colonies proved to be one of the more challenging feats of the peace process. After months of negotiation in 1919, first in Paris, then in London, the various national leaders agreed to create the mandate system, which proved to be a compromise between outright colonial expansion and genuine independence, whereby the former German and Turkish colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East were mandated to the conquering nations in trust until the indigenous peoples were deemed ready to administer their own governments and societies. For decades, the mandate system …
To The Indian Removal Act, 1814-1830, 2013 University of Tennessee, Knoxville
To The Indian Removal Act, 1814-1830, Kyle Massey Stephens
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation offers a history of Indian removal as a political issue from the War of 1812 to the signing of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Its central argument is that federal removal policy emerged and evolved due to a precise and largely unforeseen sequence of events. Drawing on Indian treaties, journals of negotiations, minutes of cabinet meetings, Congressional debates, personal memoirs, and a variety of other sources, the dissertation charts and elucidates the evolution of United States Indian policy from a diplomatic to a domestic concern. One of the central themes of the dissertation is how most white …