Geometry and Topology Commons^™

Trisections Of Flat Surface Bundles Over Surfaces, Marla Williams

Department of Mathematics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A trisection of a smooth 4-manifold is a decomposition into three simple pieces with nice intersection properties. Work by Gay and Kirby shows that every smooth, connected, orientable 4-manifold can be trisected. Natural problems in trisection theory are to exhibit trisections of certain classes of 4-manifolds and to determine the minimal trisection genus of a particular 4-manifold.

Let $\Sigma_g$ denote the closed, connected, orientable surface of genus $g$. In this thesis, we show that the direct product $\Sigma_g\times\Sigma_h$ has a $((2g+1)(2h+1)+1;2g+2h)$-trisection, and that these parameters are minimal. We provide a description of the trisection, and an algorithm to generate a …

A 3d Image-Guided System To Improve Myocardial Revascularization Decision-Making For Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Haipeng Tang

Dissertations

OBJECTIVES. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and kills over 360,000 people a year in the United States. Myocardial revascularization (MR) is a standard interventional treatment for patients with stable CAD. Fluoroscopy angiography is real-time anatomical imaging and routinely used to guide MR by visually estimating the percent stenosis of coronary arteries. However, a lot of patients do not benefit from the anatomical information-guided MR without functional testing. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a widely used functional testing for CAD evaluation but limits to the absence of anatomical information. …

Bayesian Topological Machine Learning, Christopher A. Oballe

Doctoral Dissertations

Topological data analysis encompasses a broad set of ideas and techniques that address 1) how to rigorously define and summarize the shape of data, and 2) use these constructs for inference. This dissertation addresses the second problem by developing new inferential tools for topological data analysis and applying them to solve real-world data problems. First, a Bayesian framework to approximate probability distributions of persistence diagrams is established. The key insight underpinning this framework is that persistence diagrams may be viewed as Poisson point processes with prior intensities. With this assumption in hand, one may compute posterior intensities by adopting techniques …

Pattern Blocks Art, Gunhan Caglayan

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Pattern blocks are versatile manipulatives facilitating connections that can be made among various strands of mathematics such as number sense, algebra, geometry and measurement, spatial reasoning, probability and trigonometry. This note focuses on an artistic interpretation of the pattern blocks with primary focus on convex polygons made with pattern blocks, and describes five mathematically rich activities using them.

Geometry Aided Sonification, Michael Tecce

Computer Science Summer Fellows

Sonification is the process of deriving an audio representation of a time series which conveys important information about that time series. Otology and vision science have established that humans process audio information more quickly than visual information, and sonification can convey data to the visually impaired. In our work, we implement pipelines using Python/Numpy, and we handle both ordinary 1D time series and multivariate time series. For 1D time series, we find that using data to modulate the pitch or timing of preselected sounds (such as sine waves) simply and effectively captures repeating patterns and anomalies/outliers within the data. To …

Locally Persistent Categories And Metric Properties Of Interleaving Distances, Luis N. Scoccola

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis presents a uniform treatment of different distances used in the applied topology literature. We introduce the notion of a locally persistent category, which is a category with a notion of approximate morphism that lets one define an interleaving distance on its collection of objects. The framework is based on a combination of enriched category theory and homotopy theory, and encompasses many well-known examples of interleaving distances, as well as weaker notions of distance, such as the homotopy interleaving distance and the Gromov–Hausdorff distance.

We show that the approach is not only an organizational tool, but a useful theoretical …

Harmony Amid Chaos, Drew Schaffner

Pence-Boyce STEM Student Scholarship

We provide a brief but intuitive study on the subjects from which Galois Fields have emerged and split our study up into two categories: harmony and chaos. Specifically, we study finite fields with elements where is prime. Such a finite field can be defined through a logarithm table. The Harmony Section is where we provide three proofs about the overall symmetry and structure of the Galois Field as well as several observations about the order within a given table. In the Chaos Section we make two attempts to analyze the tables, the first by methods used by Vladimir Arnold as …

Generalized Metric Spaces And Hyperspaces, Ruzinazar Beshimov, Dilnora Safarova

Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences

In this paper, we investigate the heredity of some kind of generalized metric spaces to e_cX and e_nX. We will study the connection between a σ-space, Σ-space, a stratifiable space, ℵ-space, ℵ₀-space and its hyperspace.

Equivariant Cohomology For 2-Torus Actions And Torus Actions With Compatible Involutions, Sergio Chaves Ramirez

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Borel equivariant cohomology is an algebraic invariant of topological spaces with actions of a compact group which inherits a canonical module structure over the cohomology of the classifying space of the acting group. The study of syzygies in equivariant cohomology characterize in a more general setting the torsion-freeness and freeness of these modules by topological criteria. In this thesis, we study the syzygies for elementary 2-abelian groups (or 2- tori) in equivariant cohomology with coefficients over a field of characteristic two. We approach the equivariant cohomology theory by an equivalent approach using group cohomology, that will allow us to …

New Results For Compatible Mappings Of Type A And Subsequential Continuous Mappings, Rajinder Sharma, Vishal Gupta, Mukesh Kushwaha

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we corroborated some common fixed point theorems for two pairs of self mappings by using the impression of compatibility of type A and subsequential continuity (alternatively subcompatiblity and reciprocal continuity) in multiplicative metric spaces (MMS). The proven results are the improved version in a manner that the completeness, closedness and continuity of the mappings are relaxed.

On Geometry Of Spherical Image In Minkowski Space-Time With Timelike Type-2 Parallel Transport Frame, Solouma Solouma, Ibrahim Al-Dayel

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we investigate a different type of the parallel transport frame in 3-dimensional Minkowski space R^3_1 by using the binormal vector field of a timelike regular curve as common vector field to introduce, and we recall this frame as " timelike type-2 parallel transport frame". Also, we present new spherical images and call them as timelike type-2 parallel transport spherical images by translating the induced frame vectors to the center of unit Lorentzian sphere in 3-dimensional Minkowski space R^3_1. Additionally, we obtain the Frenet apparatus of these new spherical images in terms of base curves timelike type-2 parallel …

Variants Of Meir-Keeler Fixed Point Theorem And Applications Of Soft Set-Valued Maps, Akbar Azam, Mohammed Shehu Shagari

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we prove a Meir-Keeler type common fixed point theorem for two mappings for which the range set of the first one is a family of soft sets, called soft set-valued map and the second is a point-to-point mapping. In addition, it is also shown that under some suitable conditions, a soft set-valued map admits a selection having a unique fixed point. In support of the obtained result, nontrivial examples are provided. The novelty of the presented idea herein is that it extends the Meir-Keeler fixed point theorem and the theory of selections for multivalued mappings from the …

Translation Distance And Fibered 3-Manifolds, Alexander J. Stas

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

A 3-manifold is said to be fibered if it is homeomorphic to a surface bundle over the circle. For a cusped, hyperbolic, fibered 3-manifold M, we study an invariant of the mapping class of a surface homeomorphism called the translation distance in the arc complex and its relation with essential surfaces in M. We prove that the translation distance of the monodromy of M can be bounded above by the Euler characteristic of an essential surface. For one-cusped, hyperbolic, fibered 3-manifolds, the monodromy can also be bounded above by a linear function of the genus of an essential …

Convexity And Curvature In Hierarchically Hyperbolic Spaces, Jacob Russell-Madonia

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Introduced by Behrstock, Hagen, and Sisto, hierarchically hyperbolic spaces axiomatized Masur and Minsky's powerful hierarchy machinery for the mapping class groups. The class of hierarchically hyperbolic spaces encompasses a number of important and seemingly distinct examples in geometric group theory including the mapping class group and Teichmueller space of a surface, virtually compact special groups, and the fundamental groups of 3-manifolds without Nil or Sol components. This generalization allows the geometry of all of these important examples to be studied simultaneously as well as providing a bridge for techniques from one area to be applied to another.

This thesis presents …

Universal Constraints Of Kleinian Groups And Hyperbolic Geometry, Hala Alaqad

Dissertations

Recent advances in geometry have shown the wide application of hyperbolic geometry not only in Mathematics but also in real-world applications. As in two dimensions, it is now clear that most three-dimensional objects (configuration spaces and manifolds) are modelled on hyperbolic geometry. This point of view explains a great many things from large-scale cosmological phenomena, such as the shape of the universe, right down to the symmetries of groups and geometric objects, and various physical theories. Kleinian groups are basically discrete groups of isometries associated with tessellations of hyperbolic space. They form the fundamental groups of hyperbolic manifolds. Over the …

Derivable Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs Based On Km-Fuzzy Metric, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Hamidi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we consider the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and we introduce a novel concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs based on KM-fuzzy metric spaces. Then we investigate the finite KM-fuzzy metric spaces with respect to KM-fuzzy metrics and we construct the KMfuzzy metric spaces on any given non-empty sets. We try to extend the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces to a larger class of KM-fuzzy metric spaces such as union and product of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and in this regard we investigate the class of products of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs. In the final, we …

Uniform Lipschitz Continuity Of The Isoperimetric Profile Of Compact Surfaces Under Normalized Ricci Flow, Yizhong Zheng

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

We show that the isoperimetric profile h_{g(t)}(\xi) of a compact Riemannian manifold (M,g) is jointly continuous when metrics g(t) vary continuously. We also show that, when M is a compact surface and g(t) evolves under normalized Ricci flow, h^2_{g(t)}(\xi) is uniform Lipschitz continuous and hence h_{g(t)}(\xi) is uniform locally Lipschitz continuous.

C# Application To Deal With Neutrosophic G(Alpha)-Closed Sets In Neutrosophic Topology, S. Saranya, M. Vigneshwaran, S. Jafari

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we have developed a C# Application for finding the values of the complement, union, intersection and the inclusion of any two neutrosophic sets in the neutrosophic field by using .NET Framework, Microsoft Visual Studio and C# Programming Language. In addition to this, the system can find neutrosophic topology, neutrosophic alpha-closed sets and neutrosophic g(alpha)-closed sets in each resultant screens. Also, this computer-based application produces the complement values of each neutrosophic closed sets.

Existence Of Resolvent For Conformable Fractional Volterra Integral Equations, Awais Younus, Khizra Bukhsh, Cemil Tunç

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we consider the conformable fractional Volterra integral equation. We study the existence of a resolvent kernel corresponding to conformable fractional Volterra integral equation. The technique of proof involves Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem. Our results improve and extend the results obtained in literature.

Hyperbolic Triangle Groups, Sergey Katykhin

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This paper will be on hyperbolic reflections and triangle groups. We will compare hyperbolic reflection groups to Euclidean reflection groups. The goal of this project is to give a clear exposition of the geometric, algebraic, and number theoretic properties of Euclidean and hyperbolic reflection groups.