Immunomodulatory Activities Of Gelidium Amansii Gel Extracts On Murine Raw 264.7 Macrophages,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Immunomodulatory Activities Of Gelidium Amansii Gel Extracts On Murine Raw 264.7 Macrophages, M.-L. Wang, Y.-Y. Hou, Y.-S. Chiu, Y.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gelidium amansii, a red algae cultivated in the northeastern coast of Taiwan, on immune regulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. G. amansii gel was prepared by boiling and filtering the dried G. amansii algae. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ethanol extracts of the freeze-dried gel were then used to treat the cells. The results showed that the PBS extracts of G. amansii gel activated the macrophage by increasing cell proliferation and by enhancing the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6; the ethanol extracts …
Effect Of Growth Stages, Culture Media, And Processing Methods On The Component Variations Of Bletilla Formosana And Comparison Of Its Component Contents To Commercial Rhizoma Bletillae Crude Drugs,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Growth Stages, Culture Media, And Processing Methods On The Component Variations Of Bletilla Formosana And Comparison Of Its Component Contents To Commercial Rhizoma Bletillae Crude Drugs, T.-Y. Wu, H.-L. Lay
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Rhizoma Bletillae, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. (endemic to Taiwan) is widely distributed throughout the island. This study used militarine, cinnamic acid, 1,8-bi(4-hydroxybenzyl)- 4-methoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol (BHMD), and 4,7-dihydroxy-1-p-hydroxybenzyl-2- methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHMD) as marker compounds along with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis of B. formosana. Through mass reproduction by tissue culture, B. formosana was analyzed according to different growth stages, culture media, drying methods, and processing treatments, and then compared with different commercial Rhizoma Bletillae crude drugs. The results showed that the levels of almost all component contents in the vegetative phase were higher than …
Effects Of Hot Water Treatment On The Essential Oils Of Calamondin,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Hot Water Treatment On The Essential Oils Of Calamondin, H.-C. Chen, L.-W. Peng, M.-J. Sheu, L.-Y. Lin, H.-M. Chiang, C.-T. Wu, C.-S. Wu, Y.-C. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Volatile constituents of calamondin peel or whole fruit were obtained by cold pressing, steam distillation, or hot water treatment at 90°C for 15 minutes followed by steam distillation. The volatile components of the essential oils were identified by direct injection coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. A total of 54 compounds were identified, including 13 monoterpenes, 7 monoterpene alcohols, 1 monoterpene oxide, 4 monoterpene aldehydes, 2 monoterpene ketones, 4 monoterpene esters, 12 sesquiterpenes, 3 aliphatic alcohols, 6 aliphatic aldehydes, and 2 aliphatic esters, with limonene and b-myrcene as the major compounds. The results showed that hot water treatment increased the …
Simultaneous Determination Of Six Flavonoids In Rat Plasma By High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis And Its Application To A Pharmacokinetic Study,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Determination Of Six Flavonoids In Rat Plasma By High-Performance Capillary Electrophoresis And Its Application To A Pharmacokinetic Study, Q. Wang, B. Bao, Y. Chen, N. Dai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method was developed for the separation and quantification of six flavonoids in rat plasma, which provides the basis for further study and exploitation of the effective parts of Artemisia frigida. To the plasma sample, formic acid was added to precipitate protein first with kaempferol as the internal standard (IS). The organic layer was separated and evaporated to dryness and the supernatant was extracted with ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in 500 μL acetonitrile and filtrated through 0.45-μm filters, and then the samples were introduced into the capillary by electrokinetic injection. Separations were performed using …
The Trend Of Drug Abuse In Taiwan During The Years 1999 To 2011,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Trend Of Drug Abuse In Taiwan During The Years 1999 To 2011, S.-F. Lee, J. Hsu, W.-I. Tsay
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Drug abuse has become one of the major public health issues in the world. In this study, we surveyed the laboratory analytical data of urine and non-urine cases collected through the Analytic Laboratory Drug Abuse Report System (ALDARS) and estimated the illicit drug use trends in Taiwan from 1999 to 2011. These samples were collected from suspects who were arrested for possessing and/or taking illicit drugs. Descriptive statistics were used to report the distribution rate and patterns of drug abuse. In addition, linear regression was applied to determine the trends of drug abuse. The results showed that methamphetamine was the …
Effect Of Container On The Physicochemical Stability Of Propofol Injectable Emulsion After Being Diluted With 0.9% Nacl For Intravenous Infusion,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Container On The Physicochemical Stability Of Propofol Injectable Emulsion After Being Diluted With 0.9% Nacl For Intravenous Infusion, L.-J. Wei, H.-Y. Yu, W.-B. Chang, C.-H. Lin, Y.-C. Chen, J.-B. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Effects of glass and plastic containers on the physicochemical properties of propofol injectable emulsion consisting of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) after being diluted with 0.9% NaCl were evaluated. Propofol MCT/LCT reconstituted with normal saline to 2.0 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 3.0 mg/mL, 4.0 mg/mL, and 5.0 mg/mL were packaged into glass (type II soda-lime-silica), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) soft bag, and non-PVC soft bag (Cryovac®polyolefin soft bag container), and then stored at ambient temperature/humidity (25 ± 2 °C/50 ± 5% RH) for 3 days to test its stability. We found that the pH and osmolarity of propofol injectable emulsions …
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence-Based Identification And Phylogenic Relationship Of I-Tiao-Gung Originating From Flemingia And Glycine (Leguminosae) In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence-Based Identification And Phylogenic Relationship Of I-Tiao-Gung Originating From Flemingia And Glycine (Leguminosae) In Taiwan, C.-T. Wu, C.-C. Hsieh, W.-C. Lin, C.-Y. Tang, C.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, Y.-J. Ko
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Botanical root of Flemingia and Glycine of Leguminosae is used as a traditional Chinese medicine material "I-Tiao-Gung" in Taiwan. It is widely used in both traditional Chinese medicine and folk remedies for the treatment of rheumatism, arthropathy, leukorrhea, menalgia, menopausal syndrome, and chronic nephritis, and the improvement of bone mineral density. The quasi root of Glycine tomentella and Glycine tabacina is substituted and used by some off-shore island users, and it is also known as I-Tiao-Gung. Thus, the establishment of an effective method to distinguish the herb from alternative species is a critical issue. In this study, internal transcribed spacer …
Determination Of Ketoprofen Based On Its Quenching Effect In The Fluorescence Of Quantum Dots,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Ketoprofen Based On Its Quenching Effect In The Fluorescence Of Quantum Dots, L. Molina-García, J.L.M. Santos, A. Ruiz-Medina, E.J. Llorent-Martínez
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ketoprofen is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and musculoskeletal injuries. Taking into account the increasing consumption of this drug, it is important to develop a rapid, easy, and reliable analytical strategy for its quality control. In this work, we present a novel method for ketoprofen determination, based on its quenching effect produced in the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots modified by mercaptopropionic acid. Under optimized conditions, the method was linear in the range of 7.5-100 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 2.3 μg/mL and relative standard deviations lower than 2%. It was applied …
Determination Of Fluorides In Pharmaceutical Products For Oral Hygiene,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Fluorides In Pharmaceutical Products For Oral Hygiene, J. Švarc-Gajić, Z. Stojanović, I. Vasiljević, I. Kecojević
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Fluorides are common ingredients in pharmaceutical products for oral hygiene due to their recognized effect in the prevention of tooth decay. In dental products, fluorides can be added in several different forms, such as sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, tin fluoride, or in the form of different amines. This work describes potentiometric determination of fluorides in the samples of toothpastes and mouthwash. The method was optimized for the particular analytical purpose; namely, for the analysis of toothpastes and mouthwash by applying different sample preparation protocols depending on the fluoride source. Good recovery (93-103%) confirmed the correctness of the sample preparation procedures. …
Direct Quantitative Analysis Of Benzodiazepines, Metabolites, And Analogs In Diluted Human Urine By Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Direct Quantitative Analysis Of Benzodiazepines, Metabolites, And Analogs In Diluted Human Urine By Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, R.-Y. Hsu, S.-A. Chan, S.-L. Lin, T.-Y. Lin, W.-L. Chu, M.-R. Fuh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS) was developed for direct quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines (BDZs) and their metabolites, as well as BDZ analogs (zopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) in diluted human urine. A perfluorophenyl column packed with sub-2-mm particles and a C8 precolumn were applied to accomplish RRLC analysis with symmetric peak shapes. Urine samples were diluted 10-fold with Milli-Q water prior to autoinjection for direct quantification of 34 target analytes with negligible matrix effect. Gradient elution and dynamic multiple reaction monitoring were used for simultaneous quantitation of 34 BDZs, metabolites, and BDZ analogs. Good …
Simultaneous Quantification Of Antibiotic Dyes In Aquatic Products And Feeds By Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Quantification Of Antibiotic Dyes In Aquatic Products And Feeds By Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, R.-C. Chen, K.-J. Wei, T.-M. Wang, Y.-M. Yu, J.-Y. Li, S.-H. Lee, W.-H. Wang, T.-J. Ren, C.-W. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A confirmatory and quantitative method based on liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of low-level residues of three antibiotic dyes and two metabolites in fish muscle and feed. The target compounds include methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), leucocrystal violet (LCV), malachite green (MG), and leucomalachite green (LMG). The procedures involve solvent extraction by 50% McIlvaine's buffer with acetonitrile, followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) with an MCX cartridge. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) MS with multiple reaction monitoring of two transition reactions was applied for each compound. The …
Harm Reduction History, Response, And Current Trends In Asia,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Harm Reduction History, Response, And Current Trends In Asia, N. Thomson
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in Asia have been initially driven through injection drug use and the use of shared needles and syringes. Molecular epidemiological work has shown that where there is heroin trafficking and use, there is also HIV. Given the often strict enforcement of national antinarcotic laws, harm reduction responses to HIV infections driven by injection drug use have been historically slow. As it became clear that preventing HIV meant embracing harm reduction, many countries in the region have adopted harm reduction as part of their national acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) strategy and increasingly as part of their …
Genetics And Pharmacogenetics Of Substance Use Disorders,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Genetics And Pharmacogenetics Of Substance Use Disorders, P.-L. Tao, L.-S. Chen, C.-K. Chen, Y.-L. Liu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The "Genetics and pharmacogenetics of substance use disorder" session was chaired by Dr Pao-Luh Tao and had three speakers. The speakers and topics were as follows. Dr Li-Shiun Chen discussed "Genomics and personalized medicine for smoking cessation treatments". Dr Chih-Ken Chen presented a talk on the "Genetics of methamphetamine abuse and methamphetamine psychosis". Dr Yu-Li Liu described a "Pharmacogenomics study in a Taiwan methadone maintenance cohort". Copyright © 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan.
Current Status Of Drug Use And Hiv/Aids Prevention In Drug Users In China,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Current Status Of Drug Use And Hiv/Aids Prevention In Drug Users In China, J. Li, X. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this paper is to review the current status of drug use and HIV/AIDS prevention for drug users in China and to provide scientific evidence for HIV/AIDS prevention and control in drug users. This paper reviews literature and articles related to drug abuse in China, and reviews the results of prevention efforts and successful cases regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS prevention in drug users. Lessons learned are discussed for the future improvement of work and the sustainable development of treatment programs. The number of drug users in China is increasing. Even though the number of opioid-type drug users …
Prevention, Family, And Community,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Prevention, Family, And Community, S.-L. Yang, L.A. Rohrbach, D. Daley
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The "Prevention, family, and community" session was chaired by Dr Joseph Jror-Serk Cheng, who is an expert in community psychiatry and mental health policy and is Superintendent of the Bali Psychiatric Center in Taipei. Dr Shu-Lung Yang, Dean of Student Affairs and Professor/Director of the Crime Research Center, National Chung Cheng University in Chiayi, Taiwan, served as the discussant. The two presenters were Dr Louise Ann Rohrbach, who presented on "Prevention of alcohol and other drug abuse: Science, practice, critical issues, and future direction," and Dr Dennis Daley, who spoke on "Family and social aspects of drug abuse: Implications for …
Current Status Of Substance Abuse And Hiv Infection In Japan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Current Status Of Substance Abuse And Hiv Infection In Japan, K. Wada, M. Funada, T. Matsumoto, T. Shimane
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Japan has experienced an epidemic of methamphetamine (MAP) abuse three times: the first epidemic was from 1951 to 1957, the second epidemic was from 1970 to 1994, and the third epidemic started in 1995 and continues today. Fortunately, HIV infection is not as serious a problem in Japan as it is in other countries. The major route of HIV infection in Japan has been through male homosexual transmission. In cumulative numbers, homosexual transmission accounted for 63% of the 11,146 HIV-positive patients and 40% of 5158 AIDS patients as of December 30, 2011. Intravenous drug use accounted for 0.3% and 0.4% …
Systematic Review Research On Needle/Syringe Programs And Opiate Substitution Programs In Low- And Middle-Income Countries,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Systematic Review Research On Needle/Syringe Programs And Opiate Substitution Programs In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, D.C.D. Jarlais
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at an elevated risk of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). In many high-income countries, needle and syringe exchange programs (NSPs) have been associated with reductions in bloodborne infections. However, there is not a good understanding of the effectiveness of NSP in low- and middle-income countries and transitional-economy countries. A systematic literature review, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was utilized to collect primary study data on the coverage of NSP programs and the changes in HIV and HCV infection over …
Treatment Of Methamphetamine Abuse: An Antibody-Based Immunotherapy Approach,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Treatment Of Methamphetamine Abuse: An Antibody-Based Immunotherapy Approach, Y.-H. Chen, K.-L. Wu, H.-M. Tsai, C.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant with tens of millions of abusers around the world. There is no effective or approved medication for treating an addiction to it. Monoclonal antibodies with a high affinity for methamphetamine have the potential to sequester the drug in the vascular compartment and reduce entry into the brain, thereby acting as peripheral pharmacokinetic antagonists without inducing adverse effects on neurons. However, to maintain the antibodies at an effective level, repeated administration is required, which would be expensive and problematic for patient compliance. In this study, we intended to investigate whether using a recombinant adeno-associated virusmediated …
Current Status Of Substance Abuse And Hiv In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Current Status Of Substance Abuse And Hiv In Taiwan, W.-J. Yu, W.-I. Tsay, J.-H. Li
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Methamphetamine abuse, which surged in the early 1990s, remains a major social and health issue in recent years in Taiwan. The danger of the spread of HIV among heroin injecting drug users (IDUs) gradually increased because of needle/syringe sharing in the early 2000s. The percentage of IDUs among all addiction treatment admissions increased from 34.7% in 2000 to 63.9% in 2004, and the percentage of IDUs sharing needles increased from 4.0% in 2000 to 15% in 2004. Alerted by the escalating IDU-associated HIV situation, the Department of Health launched the national pilot harm reduction program (PHRP) in four of 25 …
Ketamine Use Among Regular Tobacco And Alcohol Users As Revealed By Respondent-Driven Sampling In Taipei: Prevalence, Expectancy, And Users' Risky Decision Making,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Ketamine Use Among Regular Tobacco And Alcohol Users As Revealed By Respondent-Driven Sampling In Taipei: Prevalence, Expectancy, And Users' Risky Decision Making, W.J. Chen, T.-T. Ting, C.-M. Chang, Y.-C. Liu, C.-Y. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The popularity of ketamine for recreational use among young people began to increase, particularly in Asia, in 2000. To gain more knowledge about the use of ketamine among high-risk individuals, a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was implemented among regular alcohol and tobacco users in the Taipei metropolitan area from 2007 to 2010. The sampling was initiated in three different settings (i.e., 2 in the community and 1 in a clinic) to recruit seed individuals. Each participant was asked to refer one to five friends known to be regular tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers to participate in the present study. Incentives were …
