A Review On The Response And Management Of The Plasticizer-Tainted Food Incident In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Review On The Response And Management Of The Plasticizer-Tainted Food Incident In Taiwan, Y.-H. Chen, S.-C. Fu, J.-K. Huang, H.-F. Cheng, J.-J. Kang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
While conducting an inspection project on counterfeit drugs in 2011, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discovered a probiotic product that was contaminated with the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). After a thorough investigation, it was confirmed that the plasticizer had been deliberately added to the clouding agent as a substitute for an emulsifier. The illegal use of DEHP contaminated a broad range of foods and nutraceutical products. Subsequent investigation revealed that another plasticizer, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), was also used. Some contaminated food and beverages had already been exported abroad. This caused panic in the public in Taiwan and drew …
Quantification Of Bioactive Gentiopicroside In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quantification Of Bioactive Gentiopicroside In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Y.-K. Chuang, S. Chen, Y.M. Lo, I.-C. Yang, Y.-F. Cheng, C.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Tsai, R.-M. Hsieh, K.-H. Wang, C.-C. Lai, W.-C. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was employed to perform a quantitative analysis of gentiopicroside, the bioactive component of the medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bunge. Modified partial least squares regression (MPLSR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) calibration models were built using 94 plant tissue culture samples and 136 grown plant samples, respectively, over the full wavelength range (400-2498 nm) and the silicon charge-coupled-device (CCD) sensing band (400-1098 nm). For tissue culture, the smoothing, first-derivative MPLSR model can produce the best effect [calibration set (Rc) = 0.868, standard error of calibration (SEC) = 0.606%, standard error of validation (SEV) = 0.862%] in …
Photoproducts Of Indomethacin Exhibit Decreased Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging And Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Photoproducts Of Indomethacin Exhibit Decreased Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging And Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activities, G.-S. Lien, C.-S. Chen, W.-Y. Chen, S.-H. Huang, K.-T. Cheng, C.-M. Lin, S.-H. Chao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Indomethacin (IN) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, four photoproducts of IN (IN1-IN4) were produced and isolated from photoirradiated IN. This study investigated the abilities of IN and its photoproducts to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO). The hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity was measured in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a spin trapping agent. Enzyme activity was measured by continuous monitoring of uric acid formation, using xanthine as a substrate. The results showed that, among all the related products, IN has the strongest hydroxyl radical-scavenging (IC 50 = 65 μM) and …
Significance Of Regulation Limits In Mycotoxin Contamination In Asia And Risk Management Programs At The National Level,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Significance Of Regulation Limits In Mycotoxin Contamination In Asia And Risk Management Programs At The National Level, N. Anukul, K. Vangnai, W. Mahakarnchandkul
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites produced from toxigenic fungi recognized as major food and feed contaminants. They are a source of grave concern in food contamination, resulting in mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. To date, many regulations on the allowable levels of each mycotoxin have been established in several countries. Consumers and food producers expect that toxin contamination in food and feed, based on government regulations and guideline levels, should have no adverse consequences on human and animal health. This review is an extension of the discussions during the international seminar entitled Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Mycotoxins/or Food …
Beyond-Use Date Of Extemporaneous Morphine Hydrochloride Oral Solution,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Beyond-Use Date Of Extemporaneous Morphine Hydrochloride Oral Solution, C.-Y. Lin, L.-J. Shen, C.-F. Huang, H.-L. Yang, Y.-J. Chen, F.-L.L. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hospital pharmacists prepare morphine oral solution extemporaneously in Taiwan because of the unavailability of commercial products. According to the United States Pharmacopeia 〈795〈, extemporaneous oral solution has an expiration of 14 days if there is no stability test data. However, outpatients usually need 4-week medications. The purpose of this study was to determine the beyond-use date of extemporaneous morphine hydrochloride (HCl) oral solution. Extemporaneous 0.1% morphine HCl oral solutions were prepared in an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 8 compounding room, and bottled in 500-mL high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with polypropylene caps. Twelve bottles were divided into 2 groups …
Systemic And Brain Bioavailabilities Of D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa, A Sustained Dopamine-Releasing Prodrug,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Systemic And Brain Bioavailabilities Of D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa, A Sustained Dopamine-Releasing Prodrug, C.-L. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, S.-E. Lee, J.-F. Lian, J.-P. Liou, H.-P. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
D-Phenylglycine-L-Dopa (D-PhG-L-Dopa), designed as a dipeptide mimetic prodrug of dopamine, has been proven to have 31-fold higher oral bioavailability than L-Dopa in rats. To further investigate if this dipeptide enters the brain, a single-dose pharmacokinetic study by i.v. administration, in comparison with L-Dopa, was conducted to monitor brain availability. The dopamine level in the brain was also determined. The results indicated that both D-PhG-L-Dopa and L-Dopa entered the brain rapidly (Tmax 1 minute) with similar degrees of penetration (AUCbrain/AUCplasma 8.83% vs. 7.61%). As D-PhG-L-Dopa had higher systemic exposure than L-Dopa (AUC plasma 23.79 μmol·min/mL vs. 12.09 μmol·min/mL), it thus had …
Evaluation Of Das™ Kits For The Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens In Chicken- And Meat-Based Street-Vended Foods,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Evaluation Of Das™ Kits For The Detection Of Food-Borne Pathogens In Chicken- And Meat-Based Street-Vended Foods, L.S. Manguiat, T.J. Fang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The PCR-based method has gained acceptability as an alternative method for assessing the microbial safety of foods. In this study, the performance of PCR-based DNA Amplification System™ (DAS™) detection kits, namely, E. coli DAS™, S. aureus DAS™, E. coli O157:H7 DAS™ and Salmonella DAS™, were compared with reference methods in detecting the pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in 130 naturally- and artificially-contaminated chicken and meat-based grilled and fried street food samples. E. coli DAS™ displayed very good agreement with the reference method with a kappa value of 0.92 in chicken-based samples. S. aureus DAS™ …
Correlations Of The Components Of Tea Tree Oil With Its Antibacterial Effects And Skin Irritation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Correlations Of The Components Of Tea Tree Oil With Its Antibacterial Effects And Skin Irritation, C.-J. Lee, L.-W. Chen, L.-G. Chen, T.-L. Chang, C.-W. Huang, M.-C. Huang, C.-C. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia L., is one of the most popular agents used in cosmetics. This study aimed to explore the correlations of components in TTO with its anti-acne activities and skin irritation. TTOs were isolated from the leaves (TTO-L), twigs, and branches of M. alternifolia by steam distillation, and the components analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that components of TTO-L satisfied the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4730 guidelines. TTO-L and its components, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, α-terpinene, and α-terpineol, had strong inhibitory activities against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, six TTO …
Studies On The Extraction Of Pumpkin Components And Their Biological Effects On Blood Glucose Of Diabetic Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Studies On The Extraction Of Pumpkin Components And Their Biological Effects On Blood Glucose Of Diabetic Mice, H. Jin, Y.-J. Zhang, J.-X. Jiang, L.-Y. Zhu, P. Chen, J. Li, H.-Y. Yao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pumpkin crude extract (PCE) was extracted from pumpkin powder with water and 95% ethanol at 60°C. Several components were isolated and further purified by solvents purification and dialysis as well as column chromatography. The anti-diabetic activities of the hypoglycemic components extracted from pumpkin were identified using diabetic model mice which were induced by alloxan intraperitoneal injection. The diabetic mice were treated with pumpkin extracts by intraperitoneal injection at dosages of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples for glucose assays were taken from the diabetic mice before injection and 4, 7 and 11 hours after injection. The results …
Status Of Management Of Controlled Drugs In Taiwan: Inspection During 2002-2011,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Status Of Management Of Controlled Drugs In Taiwan: Inspection During 2002-2011, C.-J. Chang, M.-H. Wu, M.-T. Hsieh, Y.-L. Hsieh, W.-I. Tsay
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The three major United Nations international drug control conventions set a supportive and complementary system to effectively control the production (manufacture), trafficking and abuse of drugs. In response to the spirit of the United Nations drug control treaties, Taiwan has instituted a framework of classification administration and license issuance. There is also circulation control for managing the diversion of controlled drugs from pharmaceutical plants and medical institutions, as well as the use of controlled drugs among pharmaceutical and medical professionals under the Controlled Drugs Act. Most of the controlled drug registration licenses and prescription licenses issued by the Taiwan Food …
Chromatographic Analysis Of Ivabradine On Polar, Nonpolar And Chemically Modified Adsorbents By Hptlc,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Chromatographic Analysis Of Ivabradine On Polar, Nonpolar And Chemically Modified Adsorbents By Hptlc, P. Pikul, J. Nowakowska, K. Ciura
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to evaluate the behavior of ivabradine in various chromatographic systems. The mobile phases used were aqueous (methanol-water and acetonitrile-water) and non-aqueous (methanol-acetonitrile and methanol-dimethyl sulfoxide) in a wide range of concentrations (0-100%, v/v). The stationary phases used were high-performance TLC plates: Kieselgel 60 F254 S, RP-2 F254 S, RP-8 F254 S, RP-18 F254 S, RP-18 WF254 S, Kieselgel 60 CN F254 S, Kieselgel 60 Diol F254 S, and Kieselgel 60 NH2 F254 S; and TLC plates: aluminum oxide 150 F254, cellulose F, and polyamide 11 F254. The usefulness of various mobile and stationary phases in …
Pharmacist-Directed Reconciliation For Reducing Medication Discrepancies: A Pilot Study In A Nursing Home Setting In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Pharmacist-Directed Reconciliation For Reducing Medication Discrepancies: A Pilot Study In A Nursing Home Setting In Taiwan, C.-N. Kuo, Y.-M. Lin, M.-T. Wu, L.-N. Kuo, L.-W. Lee, H.-Y. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Nursing home residents are at risk for medication errors when being transferred between wards. Medication reconciliation is a process used to verify medication use, identify variations and rectify medication errors during transitions. This pilot study was performed to evaluate a pharmacist-directed medication-reconciliation program in a nursing home setting. The number and types of discrepancies 3 months before (the control period) and after (the study period) implementation of a medication-reconciliation program were compared. A pharmacist performed medication reconciliation and discussed discrepancies with care providers in the study period. There were 190/209 (90.9%) and 220/266 (82.7%) documented discrepancies during the control and …
Development And Application Of Tuf Gene-Based Pcr And Pcr-Dgge Methods For The Detection Of 16 Bifidobacterium Species,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development And Application Of Tuf Gene-Based Pcr And Pcr-Dgge Methods For The Detection Of 16 Bifidobacterium Species, S.-J. Sheu, H.-C. Chen, C.-K. Lin, W.-H. Lin, Y.-C. Chiang, W.-Z. Hwang, H.-Y. Tsen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A total of 16 Bifidobacterium species were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) methods targeted on a 770-bp region of the tuf gene. Based on this sequence, a genus-specific primer set and 12 primer sets for 12 Bifidobacterium species including those previously reported for six probiotic species were developed. On the other hand, when these 16 Bifidobacterium species were subjected to PCR-DGGE analysis, 13 product migration patterns were obtained. PCR products for strains in pairs of B. adolescentis/B. thermophilum, B. longum/B. magnum and B. lactis/B. gallinarum migrated the same distance on the DGGE gel. …
Determination Of Serum Atorvastatin Concentrations In Lipid-Controlling Patients With And Without Myalgia Syndrome,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Serum Atorvastatin Concentrations In Lipid-Controlling Patients With And Without Myalgia Syndrome, Y.-C. Chou, Y.-K. Wang, M.-J. Charng, Y.-F. Ueng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The cholesterol-reducing drug atorvastatin is widely used in hyperlipidemic patients and it is crucial to consider its potential myotoxic effect when adjusting the prescription for patients. The aim of this study was to establish a simple high-performance liquid chromatography method that would be applicable for the quantitative determination of high serum atorvastatin concentrations in patients for the assessment of myalgia. The average recovery of atorvastatin from the extraction using ethyl acetate was 85.1%. The extract was dried, re-dissolved in methanol, and subjected to chromatographic separation using a reverse-phase C18 analytical column and a mobile phase consisting of 61.3% methanol in …
Analysis Of Free And Bound Formaldehyde In Squid And Squid Products By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Analysis Of Free And Bound Formaldehyde In Squid And Squid Products By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, T.-S. Yeh, T.-C. Lin, C.-C. Chen, H.-M. Wen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Formaldehyde can be added illegally as a food preservative in addition to the endogenous formaldehyde that naturally occurs in aquatic products. In this study, formaldehyde was derivatized from 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate free and reversibly bound formaldehyde in 10 squid and squid products. The results were compared to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The limit of detection was 2.0 mg/kg. The total concentrations of free and reversibly bound formaldehyde were, on average, higher than the free formaldehyde concentration by 26.6 mg/kg. Free formaldehyde made up, on average, 39% of total free and reversibly …
Development Of A Lc-Ms/Ms-Based Method For Determining Metolazone Concentrations In Human Plasma: Application To A Pharmacokinetic Study,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development Of A Lc-Ms/Ms-Based Method For Determining Metolazone Concentrations In Human Plasma: Application To A Pharmacokinetic Study, Y.-A. Chen, K.-Y. Hsu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, a method was developed and validated for the quantification of metolazone in human plasma samples. This method involves high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and is more sensitive, selective and rapid than currently available methods. Chromatography was performed using a Phenomenex® Luna C18 column (100 mm x 2.0 mm, 5 μm, 100 Å) with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid:acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) and zaleplon as an internal standard. The drug and internal standard were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode by using m/z values …
Effects Of Fermentation Treatment On Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities Of Four Common Chinese Herbal Medicinal Residues By Aspergillus Oryzae,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Fermentation Treatment On Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities Of Four Common Chinese Herbal Medicinal Residues By Aspergillus Oryzae, Y.-L. Wen, L.-P. Yan, C.-S. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The feasibility of using Aspergillus oryzae NCH 42, an extracellular tannase-producing fungus, for increasing the utilization of extraction residues of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) was evaluated in this study. Four types of CHMs, including Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, Magnolia officinalis and Glycyrrhizae radix, were used. Their aqueous extraction residues were inoculated with A. oryzae NCH 42, and solid-state fermentation was performed for 5 days at 30 °C with a moisture content of 86% (ratio of solid to water 1:6, w/v). The methanolic extracts of fermentation products (F&M) were examined for their functional components and properties, such as total …
Development And Validation Of A Uplc-Dad-Ms Method For Characterization And Quantification Of Alkaloids In Menispermi Rhizoma And Its Preparations,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development And Validation Of A Uplc-Dad-Ms Method For Characterization And Quantification Of Alkaloids In Menispermi Rhizoma And Its Preparations, Y. Liu, X. Song, R. Yan, T. Li, X. Chai, A. Qi, Y. Wang, Z. Jiang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Menispermi Rhizoma (MR), a well known traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to prevent and treat sore throat, enteritis, dysentery and rheumatoid arthralgia clinically. However, many rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines are mistaken as MR due to their similar appearance, which could affect MR quality and cause serious consequences for patients. To guarantee the quality of MR products, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS) method was established for the characterization of major active ingredients in MR and its preparations. By comparing their retention times and characteristic fragmentations with those of authentic compounds, nine alkaloids in MR were …
Introduction To The Special Issue: Dietary Natural Compounds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Introduction To The Special Issue: Dietary Natural Compounds, M.-H. Pan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
[No abstract available]
Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Ingredients Affect Lymphocyte Subtypes Expansion And Cytokine Profile Responses: An In Vitro Evaluation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Ingredients Affect Lymphocyte Subtypes Expansion And Cytokine Profile Responses: An In Vitro Evaluation, S.P. Dibazar, S. Fateh, S. Daneshmandi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) has been used in folk medicine in many disorders. The present work aimed to investigate effects of clove essential oil as eugenol and water soluble ingredients on mouse splenocytes. Clove extracts were harvested and in different concentrations (0.001-1000 μg/mL) were affected to splenocytes and also phytohemagglutinin (PHA = 5 μg/mL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS = 10 μg/mL) activated splenocytes; then splenocytes proliferation assayed using the MTT ([3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]) method were done. On the culture supernatant interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines were measured. Clove ingredients (100 μg/mL and 1000 …
