Pharmacology Commons^™

Teaching And Learning Of Smoking Cessation And Tobacco Control In The Pharmacy Program: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study, Pantira Parinyarux, Adinat Umnuaypornlert, Kornkaew Chanthapasa

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Pharmacists play an important role in smoking cessation programs. A lack of knowledge among pharmacy students can create a barrier to providing smoking cessation support. Pharmacy training programs should integrate smoking cessation techniques into the core curriculum. Objective: We aimed to explore the current teaching practices for smoking cessation and tobacco control in pharmacy curricula in Thailand. Methods: A questionnaire surveying tobacco control curricula and teaching techniques were distributed to faculty members in all 19 pharmacy departments in Thailand. Results: Twenty-nine faculty members participated in this study. Most pharmacy programs start teaching smoking cessation and tobacco control in the …

The Physico-Chemical And Filler-Binder- Disintegrant Properties Of Improved Hydrophilic Powder Derived From The Fibre Of Ipomoea Batatas Tuber In Paracetamol Tablet, Kenneth Chinedu Ugoeze, Nkemakolam Nwachukwu, Chukwudum Ejike Okeke

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The physico-chemical and filler-binder-disintegrant properties of improved hydrophilic powder (HP) derived from the fibre of Ipomoea batatas tuber in a paracetamol tablet was studied.Materials and Methods: A 200 g of the powdered fibre was blended with 600 ml of 0.125 N NaOH and washed with deionized water until neutral, then stirred in 200 ml of 0.50 N HCl, washed until neutral. It was precipitated with 96 % v/v ethanol, dried in a desiccator, pulverized to 250 μm and coded as HP. It was characterized and applied as a filler-binder-disintegrant in paracetamol tablet by wet-granulation and direct- compression beside avicel® …

Designer Biologics Composed Of Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 And Immunoglobulin G For Treatment Of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Benjamin Liebman

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

ABSTRACT Coronary artery disease leading to myocardial infarction (a.k.a. MI, heart attack) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Each year an estimated 605,000 Americans suffer a heart attack, which equates to one MI every 40 seconds. As such, MI represents one of the largest health burdens to society. The current standard of care is revascularization therapy achieved by fibrinolytics and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI); both of which re-open occluded proximal arteries to restore blood flow to the affected areas. Despite revascularization therapy, 30-50% of patients exhibit a form of reperfusion injury termed “no/low-reflow” in which the blood …

Functional Characterization Of Leptomeningeal Anastomoses In Physiological Condition And Chronic Hypertension, Zhaojin Li

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of devastating disability. Leptomeningeal anastomoses (LMAs) are small distal anastomotic vessels, also known as pial collaterals in the brain. These vessels redirect blood flow during an occlusion and are important for stroke treatment and outcome. Hypertension, a major risk factor for stroke, is associated with limited amounts of salvageable tissue, greater perfusion deficit and worse stroke outcome. Angiotensin II (Ang II), generated from angiotensin I by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), is importantly involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Despite the important clinical implications, functions of LMAs in …

Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine Administration On Choice Of Probabilistic Outcomes, Katya A. Nolder

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Risky choice can be operationally defined as the choice for a larger, uncertain reinforcer over a smaller, certain reinforcer. Research suggests smokers engage in more risky or maladaptive decisions when compared to nonsmokers. The relation between nicotine and risky choice could benefit from further investigation, since nicotine is the active substance of tobacco products that maintains tobacco addiction. Acute nicotine administration has shown to alter risky choice; however, since the everyday smoker uses nicotine repeatedly, more research on chronic administration is warranted and would allow for assessment of tolerance or sensitization of these effects. The present study investigated effects of …

Morphological Changes In Dorsal Root Ganglia Macrophages Associated With Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms Suggest A Novel Target For Chronic Pain Therapy, Emily Kussick

CMC Senior Theses

The present study examined morphological changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following an innate immune stimulus. The importance of the DRG has increasingly become recognized in pain processing as more than just the home of primary afferent cell bodies. All sensory information passes through the DRG via the primary afferents, and on to the spinal cord. The primary afferents synapse with second-order neurons in the spinal cord that ascend towards the brain, where they transmit the pain signal to the limbic forebrain and/or the somatosensory cortex for processing. The DRG is an interesting niche to study at as it …

Melanogenesis, Its Regulatory Process, And Insights On Biomedical, Biotechnological, And Pharmacological Potentials Of Melanin As Antiviral Biochemical, Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki, Omodele Ibraheem, Catherine Joke Adeseko, Boluwatife Lawrence Afolabi, Daniel Uwaremhevho Momodu, David Morakinyo Sanni, Jesupemi Mercy Enibukun, Ibukun Oladejo Ogunyemi, Akinwunmi Oluwaseun Adeoye, Harriet U. Ugboko, Amoge Chidinma Ogu, Abiodun Samuel Oyedele, Adejoju Omodolapo Adedara, Abiodun Joseph Jimoh, Oluwakemi Ruth Ogundana, Oritsetimeyin Eworitse Ebosa

Chemistry Student Research

Melanin is s most widely distributed pigment and is found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting through pathways activated by hormonal and receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. There are about 20 genes that are involved in the biochemical pathway of melanogenesis and its regulation, which include: tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, melanocortin1 receptor, adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A. Human melanogenesis regulatory proteins such as MAPK1, CREB3, and CREBP, have binary interaction with the protein of herpesvirus, hepatitis C virus, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, Simian virus 40, and Human adenovirus A and …

The Effects Of Maternal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol And Cannabidiol Exposure On Fetal Heart Development In Mice, Gregory Robinson

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Up to 22.6% of pregnant women consume cannabis during pregnancy despite the uncertainty of teratogenicity of the main ingredients in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). This study tested the hypothesis that gestational THC and CBD exposure leads to heart abnormalities. Daily, oral THC exposure induced heart abnormalities in 68% of offspring with three main phenotypes including thickened semilunar valves, ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and hypoplastic coronary arteries in fetuses, and postnatal cardiac dysfunction. Altered gene expression of key cardiogenic regulators, increased proliferation, and reduced epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition were demonstrated implicating potential mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities. Also, maternal CBD exposure resulted …

Effect Of Intrauterine Smoke Exposure On Microrna-15a Expression In Human Lung Development And Subsequent Asthma Risk., Sunita Sharma, Alvin T. Kho, Divya Chhabra, Kathleen Haley, Carrie A. Vyhlidal, R Gaedigk, J Steven Leeder, Kelan G. Tantisira, Benjamin Raby, Scott T. Weiss

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: In utero smoke (IUS) exposure is associated with asthma susceptibility.

Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that changes in miRNA expression by IUS exposure during human lung development is associated with asthma susceptibility.

Methods: Gene expression was profiled from 53 IUS unexposed and 51 IUS exposed human fetal lung tissues. We tested for the differential expression of miRNAs across post-conception age and by IUS using linear models with covariate adjustment. We tested the IUS-associated miRNAs for association with their gene expression targets using pair-wise inverse correlation. Using our mouse model, we investigated the persistence of the IUS-associated miRNA …

An Artificial Intelligence-Based, Personalized Smartphone App To Improve Childhood Immunization Coverage And Timelines Among Children In Pakistan: Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Abdul Momin Kazi, Saad Ahmed Qazi, Sadori Khawaja, Nazia Ahsan, Rao Moueed Ahmed, Muhammad Ayub Khan Mughal, Hussain Kalimuddin, Yasir Rauf, Mehreen Raza, Saima Jamal

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The immunization uptake rates in Pakistan are much lower than desired. Major reasons include lack of awareness, parental forgetfulness regarding schedules, and misinformation regarding vaccines. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and distancing measures, routine childhood immunization (RCI) coverage has been adversely affected, as caregivers avoid tertiary care hospitals or primary health centers. Innovative and cost-effective measures must be taken to understand and deal with the issue of low immunization rates. However, only a few smartphone-based interventions have been carried out in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to improve RCI.
Objective: The primary objectives of this study are to …

Acknowledgment Of Reviewers, Lily Chiu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

No abstract provided.

The Analytical And Biomedical Applications Of Carbon Dots And Their Future Theranostic Potential: A Review, Sukunya Ross, Ren-Siang Wu, Shih-Chun Wei, Gareth M. Ross, Huan-Tsung Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In recent years, carbon dots (C-dots) have gained appreciable interest owing to their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence. Simple and low-cost hydrothermal and electrochemical approaches have been widely used in the preparation of biocompatible and high-quality C-dots. Various C-dots have been used for the quantitation of small analytes, mostly based on analyte induced fluorescence quenching. Depending on the nature of precursors, synthetic conditions (such as reaction temperature and time), and surface conjugation, multi-function C-dots can be prepared and used in diagnostics and therapeutics. Their strong fluorescence and photostability, enables use in …

Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents And Optical Sensors For Illicit Drug Analysis, Chun-Hsien Chen, Chun-Chi Wang, Po-Yun Ko, Yen-Ling Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The abuse of illicit drugs has been prevalent in recent years and is associated with crime and public health issues. To strengthen public security and fortify public health services with respect to the increasing severity of drug abuse, academic and government institutes have been devoted to constructing relative analytical methods for illicit drugs. To date, the development of sensors has been greatly emphasized due to their features of high sensitivity, prompt detection and flexible manipulation; thus, sensors can serve as alternatives to conventional sophisticated instruments. Recently, the use of nanomaterials has inspired the development of a series of innovative sample …

Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric And Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Illegal Food Additives, Li Li, Ming Zhang, Wei Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lately, scandals associated with the illegal addition of poisonous chemicals to food for commercial interests have been gradually disclosed to the public. Problems related to food safety do not only harm public health but also affect the stability of economic and social development. Food safety has become a common issue in society, and strengthening the related regulations have become increasingly important. Although conventional techniques are accurate and sensitive in the detection of the vast majority of illegal food additives, they rely on time-consuming, labor-intensive procedures that depend on expensive instruments. Thus, efficient and rapid identification of poisonous, illegal additives in …

Improved Food Additive Analysis By Ever-Increasing Nanotechnology, Jing Zhang, Shui Hu, Yi Du, Ding Cao, Guirong Wang, Zhiqin Yuan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Improper use of food additives may lead to potential threat to human health, making it important to develop sensitive and selective method for the detection of them. Nanomaterials with unique chemical and electrochemical properties show extensive applications in the design of food additive sensing systems. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted electrochemical and optical analysis of food additives based on nanomaterials. Detection of typical food additives (colorants and preservatives) by using different sensing mechanisms and strategies are provided. In addition, determination of illegal food additives is also briefly introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend …

Electrowetting-On-Dielectric (Ewod): Current Perspectives And Applications In Ensuring Food Safety, Snigdha Roy Barman, Imran Khan, Subhodeep Chatterjee, Subhajit Saha, Dukhyun Choi, Sangmin Lee, Zong-Hong Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Digital microfluidic (DMF) platforms have contributed immensely to the development of multifunctional lab-on-chip systems for performing complete sets of biological and analytical assays. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology, due to its outstanding flexibility and integrability, has emerged as a promising candidate for such lab-on-chip applications. Triggered by an electrical stimulus, EWOD devices allow precise manipulation of single droplets along the designed electrode arrays without employing external pumps and valves, thereby enhancing the miniaturization and portability of the system towards transcending important laboratory assays in resource-limited settings. In recent years, the simple fabrication process and reprogrammable architecture of EWOD chips have led to …

Nanomaterial-Based Fluorescent Biosensor For Veterinary Drug Detection In Foods, Xiaoqi Tao, Yuanyuan Peng, Juewen Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Veterinary drugs have been widely used in the food industry. Their residues in food products need to be tightly regulated to ensure food safety. In particular, some veterinary drugs are still used illegally, although they have already been banned. Nanomaterials are playing an increasingly important role in analytical chemistry due to their unique properties. Compared to traditional organic dyes and colloidal gold nanoparticle labels, fluorescent nanomaterials appear particularly attractive for the detection of veterinary drug residues. This review summarizes recent advancements of fluorescent biosensors using nanomaterials for the detection of veterinary drug residues in foods. The useful properties of each …

Carbon Quantum Dots For The Detection Of Antibiotics And Pesticides, Han-Wei Chu, Binesh Unnikrishnan, Anisha Anand, Yang-Wei Lin, Chih-Ching Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are novel nanomaterials with interesting physical and chemical properties, which are intensely studied only in the last decade. Unique properties, such as its inherent fluorescent property, high resistance to photobleaching, high surface area, ease of synthesis, flexible choice of precursor, and surface tunability enable CQDs for promising application in biosensing. Therefore, it is highly useful in clinical, forensic, medical, food and drug analyses, disease diagnosis, and various other fields of biosensing. In addition, their fluorescence properties are tunable by the interaction with certain molecules via different mechanisms, which enables their application for sensing of those molecules, …

Noble Metal Nanomaterial-Based Aptasensors For Microbial Toxin Detection, Yue He, Cong-Ying Wen, Zhi-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Microbial toxins generated by bacteria, fungi and algae cause serious food-safety problems due to the frequent contamination of foodstuffs and their poisonous nature. Becoming acquainted with the contamination condition of foodstuffs is highly dependent on developing sensitive, specific, and accurate methods for targeting microbial toxins. Aptamers, obtained from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), have significant advantages for microbial toxin analysis, such as small size, reproducible chemical synthesis, and modification, as well as high binding affinity, specificity, and stability. Besides, aptamers have a predictable structure and can be tailored using biomolecular tools (e.g., ligase, endonuclease, exonuclease, …

Perspective On Recent Developments Of Nanomaterial Based Fluorescent Sensors: Applications In Safety And Quality Control Of Food And Beverages, Ailing Han, Sijia Hao, Yayu Yang, Xia Li, Xiaoyu Luo, Guozhen Fang, Jifeng Liu, Shuo Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As the highly toxic pollutants will seriously harm human health, it is particularly important to establish the analysis and detection technology of food pollutants. Compared with the traditional detection methods, fluorescent detection technique based on nanomaterials trigger wide interesting because of reduced detection time, simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity and economic. In this review, the application of fluorescent sensors in food pollutants detection is presented. Firstly, conventional fluorescent nanomaterials including metal-based quantum dots, carbon-based quantum dots and metal nanoclusters were summarized, with emphasis on the photoluminescence mechanism. Then, the fluorescence sensors based on these nanomaterials for food pollutants detection …