Determination Of The Concentration Of Alum Additive In Deep-Fried Dough Sticks Using Dielectric Spectroscopy,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of The Concentration Of Alum Additive In Deep-Fried Dough Sticks Using Dielectric Spectroscopy, W. Kang, J. Lu, Y. Cheng, Y. Jin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The concentration of alum additive in deep-fried dough sticks (DFDSs) was investigated using a coaxial probe method based on dielectric properties in the 0.3-10-GHz frequency range. The dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions with different concentrations of alum, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof were used. The correspondence between dielectric loss and alum concentration was thereby revealed. A steady, uniform correspondence was successfully established by introducing ω·ε″(ω), the sum of dielectric loss and conductor loss (i.e., total loss), according to the electrical conductivity of the alum-containing aqueous solutions. Specific, resonant-type dielectric dispersion arising from alum due to atomic polarization was identified around …
Gas Chromatographic Method For The Determination Of Lumefantrine In Antimalarial Finished Pharmaceutical Products,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Gas Chromatographic Method For The Determination Of Lumefantrine In Antimalarial Finished Pharmaceutical Products, S. Suleman, Y. Verheust, A. Dumoulin, E. Wynendaele, M. D'Hondt, K. Vandercruyssen, L. Veryser, L. Duchateau, B. De Spiegeleer
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A simple method has been developed and validated for quantitative determination of lumefantrine in antimalarial finished pharmaceutical products using gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector. Lumefantrine was silylated with N,O-bis(trimethyl-silyl)trifluoro-acetamide at 70°C for 30 minutes, and chromatographic separation was conducted on a fused silica capillary (HP-5, 30 m length × 0.32 mm i.d., 0.25 μm film thickness) column. Evaluation of the method within analytical quality-by-design principles, including a central composite face-centered design for the sample derivatization process and Plackett-Burman robustness verification of the chromatographic conditions, indicated that the method has acceptable specificity toward excipients and degradants, accuracy [mean recovery …
Concentrations And Solubility Of Selected Trace Metals In Leaf And Bagged Black Teas Commercialized In Poland,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Concentrations And Solubility Of Selected Trace Metals In Leaf And Bagged Black Teas Commercialized In Poland, L. Polechońska, M. Dambiec, A. Klink, A. Rudecki
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in bagged and leaf black teas of the same brand and evaluate the percentage transfer of metals to tea infusion to assess the consumer exposure. Ten leaf black teas and 10 bagged black teas of the same brand available in Poland were analyzed for Zn, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Al, and Fe concentrations both in dry material and their infusion. The bagged teas contained higher amounts of Pb, Mn, Fe, Ni, Al, and Cr compared with leaf teas of the same brand, whereas the infusions …
Detection Of Viable Salmonella In Ice Cream By Taqman Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Combining Propidium Monoazide,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Detection Of Viable Salmonella In Ice Cream By Taqman Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Combining Propidium Monoazide, Y. Wang, M. Yang, S. Liu, W. Chen, B. Suo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows rapid detection of Salmonella in frozen dairy products, but it might cause a false positive detection result because it might amplify DNA from dead target cells as well. In this study, Salmonella-free frozen ice cream was initially inoculated with heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium cells and stored at -18°C. Bacterial DNA extracted from the sample was amplified using TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR targeting the invA gene. Our results indicated that DNA from the dead cells remained stable in frozen ice cream for at least 20 days, and could produce fluorescence signal for real-time PCR as well. …
Rhodiola Plants: Chemistry And Biological Activity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Rhodiola Plants: Chemistry And Biological Activity, H.-M. Chiang, H.-C. Chen, C.-S. Wu, P.-Y. Wu, K.-C. Wen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Rhodiola is a genus of medicinal plants that originated in Asia and Europe and are used traditionally as adaptogens, antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory remedies. Rhodiola plants are rich in polyphenols, and salidroside and tyrosol are the primary bioactive marker compounds in the standardized extracts of Rhodiola rosea. This review article summarizes the bioactivities, including adaptogenic, antifatigue, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinoception, and anticancer activities, and the modulation of immune function of Rhodiola plants and its two constituents, as well as their potential to prevent cardiovascular, neuronal, liver, and skin disorders. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. …
Investigation Of Impact Of Storage Conditions On Hypericum Perforatum L. Dried Total Extract,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Investigation Of Impact Of Storage Conditions On Hypericum Perforatum L. Dried Total Extract, H. Koyu, M.Z. Haznedaroglu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) has been widely prescribed for mild to moderate depression following the release of promising results in clinical trials. However, it is known that its constituents may be affected by milieu. The stability complexities of the constituents of H. perforatum have gained interest in recent years. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of storage conditions on H. perforatum total extract simultaneously under different storage conditions. Temperature, humidity, and light conditions were evaluated. Comparative analyses of methanol extracts were conducted using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection for chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, …
Alleviative Effects Of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Flower On Lipid Peroxidation And Protein Degradation In Emulsified Pork Meatballs,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Alleviative Effects Of Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Flower On Lipid Peroxidation And Protein Degradation In Emulsified Pork Meatballs, Y. Ding, S.-Y. Wang, D.-J. Yang, M.-H. Chang, Y.-C. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
To avoid or retard the lipid peroxidation of meat products, antioxidants are commonly added. Considering the safety and health of additives in meat products, consumers prefer natural antioxidants rather than synthetic ones. Gentisic acid and epicatechin were identified as the major phenolic acid and flavonoid, respectively, of litchi flowers (LFs). The physicochemical properties of pork meatballs with or without dried LF powders (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, w/w) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ; 0.01%, w/w) were analyzed during a 4-week frozen storage period. LF and TBHQ decreased (p < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values but increased (p < 0.05) thiol group contents in meatballs. LF added to meatballs improved (p < 0.05) texture and water-holding capacity (centrifugation/purge losses) more than in the control group upon the storage. Although LF powders made meatballs redder and darker (p < 0.05) than the control and TBHQ groups, they did not affect the preference of panelists. The addition of 0.5% LF powders exhibited the best (p < 0.05) overall sensory panel acceptance. LFs may be an effective natural antioxidant to reduce lipid and protein oxidation for frozen cooked meat products. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.
Dynamics Of Phytoestrogen, Isoflavonoids, And Its Isolation From Stems Of Pueraria Lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Growing In Democratic People's Republic Of Korea,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Dynamics Of Phytoestrogen, Isoflavonoids, And Its Isolation From Stems Of Pueraria Lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Growing In Democratic People's Republic Of Korea, S.-C. Mun, G.-S. Mun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Four isoflavonoids were isolated from stems of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi growing in Democratic People's Republic of Korea and identified as daidzein (1), genistin (2), daidzin (3), and puerarin (4), structures, which were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis. Isoflavonoids were isolated using silica gel chromatography and purified with organic solvents. Isoflavonoid contents in P. lobata were determined using reliable high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the contents of puerarin and genistin in the roots are higher than those in the stems (6.19% and 0.04% vs. 1.15% and 0.02%), whereas the stems have higher contents of daidzin and daidzein …
Application Of Polymeric Nanoparticles And Micelles In Insulin Oral Delivery,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Application Of Polymeric Nanoparticles And Micelles In Insulin Oral Delivery, M.S. Alai, W.J. Lin, S.S. Pingale
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease in which the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin therapy has been the best choice for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus. The current insulin therapy is via subcutaneous injection, which often fails to mimic the glucose homeostasis that occurs in normal individuals. This provokes numerous attempts to develop a safe and effective noninvasive route for insulin delivery. Oral delivery is the most convenient administration route. However, insulin cannot be well absorbed orally because of its rapid enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. …
Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Ruta Graveolens And Its Ingredients On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate (Udp)-Glucuronosyltransferase, And Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) (Nad(P)H)-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Ruta Graveolens And Its Ingredients On Cytochrome P450, Uridine Diphosphate (Udp)-Glucuronosyltransferase, And Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Phosphate) (Nad(P)H)-Quinone Oxidoreductase In Mice, Y.-F. Ueng, C.-C. Chen, Y.-L. Huang, I.-J. Lee, C.-H. Yun, Y.-H. Chen, C.-C. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ruta graveolens (the common rue) has been used for various therapeutic purposes, including relief of rheumatism and treatment of circulatory disorder. To elucidate the effects of rue on main drug-metabolizing enzymes, effects of an aqueous extract of the aerial part of rue and its ingredients on cytochrome P450 (P450/CYP), uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H):quinone oxidoreductase were studied in C57BL/6JNarl mice. Oral administration of rue extract to males increased hepatic Cyp1a and Cyp2b activities in a dose-dependent manner. Under a 7-day treatment regimen, rue extract (0.5 g/kg) induced hepatic Cyp1a and Cyp2b activities and protein levels …
Synthesis And Phototoxicity Of Isomeric 7,9-Diglutathione Pyrrole Adducts: Formation Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Induction Of Lipid Peroxidation,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Synthesis And Phototoxicity Of Isomeric 7,9-Diglutathione Pyrrole Adducts: Formation Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Induction Of Lipid Peroxidation, L. Ma, H. Zhao, Q. Xia, L. Cai, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic in experimental animals. Because of their widespread distribution in the world, PA-containing plants are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Upon metabolism, PAs generate reactive dehydro-PAs and other pyrrolic metabolites that lead to toxicity. Dehydro-PAs are known to react with glutathione (GSH) to form 7-GSH-(+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7-GS-DHP) in vivo and in vitro and 7,9-diGS-DHP in vitro. To date, the phototoxicity of GS-DHP adducts has not been well studied. In this study, we synthesized 7-GS-DHP, a tentatively assigned 9-GS-DHP, and two enantiomeric 7,9-diGS-DHP adducts by reaction of dehydromonocrotaline with …
Electrochemical Determination Of Paraquat In Citric Fruit Based On Electrodeposition Of Silver Particles Onto Carbon Paste Electrode,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Electrochemical Determination Of Paraquat In Citric Fruit Based On Electrodeposition Of Silver Particles Onto Carbon Paste Electrode, A. Farahi, M. Achak, Gaini L. El, Mhammedi M.A. El, M. Bakasse
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with silver particles present an interesting tool in the determination of paraquat (PQ) using square wave voltammetry. Metallic silver particle deposits have been obtained via electrochemical deposition in acidic media using cyclic voltammetry. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements show that the silver particles are deposited onto carbon surfaces in aggregate form. The response of PQ with modified electrode (Ag-CPE) related to Ag/CP loading, preconcentration time, and measuring solution pH was investigated. The result shows that the increase in the two cathodic peak currents (Peak 1 and Peak 2), under optimized conditions, was linear …
Formulation Of Essential Oil-Loaded Chitosan-Alginate Nanocapsules,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Formulation Of Essential Oil-Loaded Chitosan-Alginate Nanocapsules, D. Natrajan, S. Srinivasan, K. Sundar, A. Ravindran
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Naturally occurring polymers such as alginate (AL) and chitosan (CS) are widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields in various forms such as nanoparticles, capsules, and emulsions. These polymers have attractive applications in drug delivery because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. The pharmaceutical applications of essential oils such as turmeric oil and lemongrass oil are well-known, and their active components, ar-turmerone and citral, respectively, are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, these essential oils are unstable, volatile, and insoluble in water, which limits their use for new formulations. Therefore, this study focuses on …
Sweet Potato Leaf Extract Inhibits The Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Of Native Starch,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Sweet Potato Leaf Extract Inhibits The Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Of Native Starch, T.L. Jeng, Y.C. Chiang, C.C. Lai, T.C. Liao, S.Y. Lin, T.C. Lin, J.M. Sung
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Several studies have reported the therapeutic use of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives in the management of hyperglycemia. This study used a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to assess the inhibitory effects of CQA derivatives-rich sweet potato leaf extract (SPLE) and a commercially produced green coffee bean extract (GCBE), each with total polyphenols contents of 452 mg g-1 and 278 mg g-1, respectively, against starch digestion. The changes in the amounts of total polyphenols and total CQA derivatives during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were also examined. The results indicated that both extracts contained substantial levels of CQA derivatives (136 mg …
The Implementation Of A Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point Management System In A Peanut Butter Ice Cream Plant,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Implementation Of A Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point Management System In A Peanut Butter Ice Cream Plant, Y.-T. Hung, C.-T. Liu, I.-C. Peng, C. Hsu, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
To ensure the safety of the peanut butter ice cream manufacture, a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan has been designed and applied to the production process. Potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each manufacturing procedure were identified. Critical control points for the peanut butter ice cream were then determined as the pasteurization and freezing process. The establishment of a monitoring system, corrective actions, verification procedures, and documentation and record keeping were followed to complete the HACCP program. The results of this study indicate that implementing the HACCP system in food industries can effectively enhance food safety …
A Review On The Analysis Of Ingredients With Health Care Effects In Health Food In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Review On The Analysis Of Ingredients With Health Care Effects In Health Food In Taiwan, P.-W. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This review article discusses the analysis of ingredients with health care effects in health food in Taiwan. The top 10 items on the list of registered health food products up to 2014 in Taiwan are described, including monocolin K, ω-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), β-glucans, inulin, catechins, oligosaccharides, resistant maltodextrin, amino acids, medium chain fatty acids, and polysaccharides. Some analytical methods for the analysis of ingredients with health care effects are announced to the public on the website of health food section of the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration for the application and the postmarket surveillance of …
Anthocyanin-Rich Tea Sunrouge Upregulates Expressions Of Heat Shock Proteins In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Icr Mice: A Comparison With The Conventional Tea Cultivar Yabukita,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Anthocyanin-Rich Tea Sunrouge Upregulates Expressions Of Heat Shock Proteins In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of Icr Mice: A Comparison With The Conventional Tea Cultivar Yabukita, A. Murakami, A. Nesumi, M. Maeda-Yamamoto, H. Yamaguchi, K. Yashima, M. Miura, T. Nakano, K. Nekoshima
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Sunrouge is an anthocyanin-rich, new tea cultivar that contains similar levels of catechins as Yabukita, the most popular tea cultivar consumed in Japan. Interestingly, Sunrouge preparations have previously been shown to have more pronounced acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anticolitis activities than those of Yabukita. In this study, we examined their effects on expressions of self-defensive molecules, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are molecular chaperones involved in homeostasis and longevity. Hot water extract from freeze-dried Sunrouge significantly upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of HSP40, HSP70, and HSP32 (heme oxygenase-1), with grades greater than those shown by Yabukita. Oral administration of freeze-dried …
Effect Of Storage Time On Metabolite Profile And Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Cosmos Caudatus Leaves - Gcms Based Metabolomics Approach,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Storage Time On Metabolite Profile And Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Cosmos Caudatus Leaves - Gcms Based Metabolomics Approach, N. Javadi, F. Abas, A. Mediani, Hamid A. Abd, A. Khatib, S. Simoh, K. Shaari
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cosmos caudatus, which is a commonly consumed vegetable in Malaysia, is locally known as "Ulam Raja". It is a local Malaysian herb traditionally used as a food and medicinal herb to treat several maladies. Its bioactive or nutritional constituents consist of a wide range of metabolites, including glucosinolates, phenolics, amino acids, organic acids, and sugars. However, many of these metabolites are not stable and easily degraded or modified during storage. In order to investigate the metabolomics changes occurring during post-harvest storage, C. caudatus samples were subjected to seven different storage times (0 hours, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 …
Effects Of Extracts From Gynura Bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) Dc. On Iron Bioavailability In Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Extracts From Gynura Bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) Dc. On Iron Bioavailability In Rats, C.-C. Wu, W.-L. Chang, C.-H. Lu, Y.-P. Chang, J.-J. Wang, S.-L. Hsieh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC. is widely distributed in certain areas of Asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in Taiwan. This study investigates the effects of G. bicolor extracts with different polarities of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) G. bicolor alcohol extract, 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor water extract, and 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor ether extract on Fe bioavailability using the hemoglobin repletion efficiency assay. Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: a group receiving an iron-deficient (ID) diet; a group receiving an ID diet supplemented with ferrous sulfate (20 mg Fe/kg BW); and three groups …
Simultaneous Determination Of Some Common Food Dyes In Commercial Products By Digital Image Analysis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Determination Of Some Common Food Dyes In Commercial Products By Digital Image Analysis, M.-H. Sorouraddin, M. Saadati, F. Mirabi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A simple and relatively fast image-analysis method using digital images, obtained with a flatbed scanner, has been described. The method was used for the simultaneous determination of four common food dyes, namely, carmoisine, brilliant blue, sunset yellow, and quinoline yellow, in binary mixtures in commercial products without a need for any prior separation steps. The results obtained were validated against a standard high-performance liquid chromatography method and a good agreement was obtained. The parameters affecting the experimental results were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the method provided acceptable linear ranges (20-250 mg/L) with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998, suitable precision …
