The Role Of Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 In Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis,
2022
Washington University in St. Louis
The Role Of Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 In Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis, Bradley Edward Hiller
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory virus in the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes both seasonal epidemics and pandemics. IAV preferentially infects epithelial cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract, resulting in a range of disease severity from mild upper respiratory infections to potentially-lethal pneumonia. Ultimately, the severity of symptoms and complications from IAV infection depends on control of virus replication in the lungs, the inflammatory nature of the immune response, and the effectiveness of post-infection lung repair to regain pulmonary function. An arsenal of secreted proteins in the lung regulates these antiviral, inflammatory, and regenerative activities during infection, …
The Impact Of Processing Body Proteins On An Adenovirus Infection,
2022
Georgia College
The Impact Of Processing Body Proteins On An Adenovirus Infection, La`Quita Randolph
Biology Theses
Adenovirus is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that contains a 36 Kbp genome. The E4 ORF3 region of its genome consists of an E4 11k protein that can reorganize host cell components by relocalizing cellular proteins. One such cellular component is the cytoplasmic processing body, which consists of proteins involved in translational repression of mRNA and mRNA degradation. During an adenovirus infection, processing body proteins Ddx6 and Pat1b have been shown to colocalize and form aggresomes. Aggresomes induced by E4 11k are specific to the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad 5). In this study, cytoplasmic Pat1b foci were observed and quantified …
Cat Covid, Cmv And Chemokines, Oh My!,
2022
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Cat Covid, Cmv And Chemokines, Oh My!, Trevor Hancock
Doctoral Dissertations
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen infecting most humans worldwide. CMV infection within immunocompromised individuals can cause severe morbidity and potential mortality. Disease during CMV infection is due to virus dissemination and subsequent inflammation. Host immune cells lie at the intersection potentially mediating both. The CMV-encoded viral chemokine vCXCL-1 is a proposed virulence factor in mouse models increasing immune cell recruitment and disease. However, the primary immune cell mediator is undetermined. To identify targets, Chapter 2 examines CXCR2 expression (receptor for vCXCL-1) among various mouse tissues and human peripheral blood under steady-state conditions. In vitro, isoforms of HCMV’s vCXCL-1 …
Novel Ultraviolet Light Technologies For The Inactivation Of Murine Hepatitis Virus, A Sars-Cov-2 Surrogate,
2022
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Novel Ultraviolet Light Technologies For The Inactivation Of Murine Hepatitis Virus, A Sars-Cov-2 Surrogate, Alexia E. Angelos, Doris H. D'Souza
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Mathematical Modeling Suggests Cooperation Of Plant-Infecting Viruses,
2022
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Mathematical Modeling Suggests Cooperation Of Plant-Infecting Viruses, Joshua Miller, Vitaly V. Ganusov, Tessa Burch-Smith
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Mathematical Modeling Of Potassium Modulated Viral Infection,
2022
The University of Texas at El Paso
Mathematical Modeling Of Potassium Modulated Viral Infection, Zaira Elizabeth Mather
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In recent years, there is a growing interest in the investigation of using potassium to treat virus infections. In the region of infection, there is a biological observation of extracel- lular potassium level being typically very low whereas the intracellular potassium levels are much higher. There are numerous biological studies showing that elevated potassium levels in the extracellular membrane tends to block virus infections. A recent effort in this direction is a collaborative research conducted by mathematicians and biologists from the University of Texas at El Paso, New Mexico State University, and the University of New Mexico, where we develop …
Sars-Cov-2 Reveals That Chimeric Agents Are The Bioweapons Of The Future,
2022
Liberty University
Sars-Cov-2 Reveals That Chimeric Agents Are The Bioweapons Of The Future, Rachel Craig
Senior Honors Theses
Bioweapons programs have existed since their development during the Cold War. These biowarfare programs initially utilized naturally occurring pathogens capable of infecting crops, livestock populations, and human populations. Anthrax is a widely exploited bioagent responsible for attacks ranging from the Germans’ deployment in World War I to the mailing of anthrax through the postal service in attempts on U.S. senators’ lives. With the development of genetic manipulations, the Soviet Union began modifying anthrax to resist detection and treatment. With the continued advancement of science and technology, a new bioagent has entered the scene – the man-made chimeric virus. Chimeric viruses …
A Quantitative Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Various Essential Oils Against The Sars Cov-2 Virus,
2022
Brigham Young University - Provo
A Quantitative Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Various Essential Oils Against The Sars Cov-2 Virus, Elizabeth Wagstaff, Chandrelyn Kraczek, Jack Brandon Lopez
Annual Research Symposium
A poster presentation and abstract for the Roseman Symposium. The project focuses on testing 3 essential oil blends and two disinfectants containing an essential oil blend against SARS CoV-2 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The project procedure involves plaque assays, disinfection, and neutralization techniques.
Meta-Analysis Of Transcriptomic Datasets For The Investigation Of Differential Expression In Hantavirus-Infected Human Tissue,
2022
Roseman University of Health Sciences
Meta-Analysis Of Transcriptomic Datasets For The Investigation Of Differential Expression In Hantavirus-Infected Human Tissue, John Krapohl
Annual Research Symposium
No abstract provided.
Conformational Flexibility And Local Frustration In The Functional States Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike B.1.1.7 And B.1.351 Variants: Mutation-Induced Allosteric Modulation Mechanism Of Functional Dynamics And Protein Stability,
2022
Chapman University
Conformational Flexibility And Local Frustration In The Functional States Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike B.1.1.7 And B.1.351 Variants: Mutation-Induced Allosteric Modulation Mechanism Of Functional Dynamics And Protein Stability, Gennady M. Verkhivker
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Structural and functional studies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins have recently determined distinct functional states of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike variants, providing a molecular framework for understanding the mechanisms that link the effect of mutations with the enhanced virus infectivity and transmissibility. A detailed dynamic and energetic analysis of these variants was undertaken in the present work to quantify the effects of different mutations on functional conformational changes and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We employed the efficient and accurate coarse-grained (CG) simulations of multiple functional states of the D614G mutant, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 spike variants to characterize …
The Coxsackievirus And Adenovirus Receptor Has A Short Half-Life In Epithelial Cells,
2022
Wright State University
The Coxsackievirus And Adenovirus Receptor Has A Short Half-Life In Epithelial Cells, Poornima Kotha Lakshmi Narayan, James M. Readler, Mahmoud S. Alghamri, Trisha L. Brockman, Ray Yan, Priyanka Sharma, Vladislav Snitsarev, Katherine J.D.A Excoffon, Abimbola O. Kolawole
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is an essential cellular protein that is involved in cell adhesion, cell signaling, and viral infection. The 8-exon encoded isoform (CAREx8) resides at the apical surface of polarized epithelia, where it is accessible as a receptor for adenovirus entering the airway lumen. Given its pivotal role in viral infection, it is a target for antiviral strategies. To understand the regulation of CAREx8 and determine the feasibility of receptor down regulation, the half-life of total and apical localized CAREx8 was determined and correlated with adenovirus transduction. Total and apical CAREx8 has a relatively short half-life …
An Investigation Of Hhv6'S Impact On The Cognitive Progression And Microglial Changes In An Alzheimer's Disease Cohort,
2022
University of Kentucky
An Investigation Of Hhv6'S Impact On The Cognitive Progression And Microglial Changes In An Alzheimer's Disease Cohort, Charles E. Seaks
Theses and Dissertations--Physiology
The role of herpesviruses and, more specifically, HHV6 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated cognitive decline is still being investigated. High ubiquity and prevalence in the population have led to a high degree of skepticism about HHV6 as a potential contributor to cognitive decline and dementias. However, recent evidence related to another herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus 1, suggests that reactivation, not carriage, of the virus may be the key factor to explain the dissonance between the virus’ ubiquity and contributions to dementias. With that in mind, we set out to assess cases from the Sanders-Brown Center on …
Development Of Novel Vaccination Strategies Against Emerging Bunyaviruses,
2022
University of Pennsylvania
Development Of Novel Vaccination Strategies Against Emerging Bunyaviruses, Tomaz Manzoni
Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a highly pathogenic emergent bunyavirus. First isolated in 2009 in China, SFTSV is now endemic to several east Asian countries where high case fatality ratios of 6-30% are reported. The primary tick vector of SFTSV, Haemaphysalis longicornis, has a large range and is a well reported invasive species throughout the world. This, in addition to SFTSV’s ability to spread in the absence of its vector in nosocomial and veterinary settings, suggests SFTSV is well suited to cause widespread lethal outbreaks. Currently no vaccines or therapeutics against SFTSV exist, prompting health agencies to …
Response And Molecular Control Of Cd8 T Cells During Infection And Cancer,
2022
Dartmouth College
Response And Molecular Control Of Cd8 T Cells During Infection And Cancer, Nicholas K. Preiss Dr.
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
CD8 T cells are potent immune effector cells capable of vast clonal expansion and clearance of infected or cancerous cells. After control of the pathogenic insult, CD8 T cells develop into quiescent, long-lived memory populations that are poised to mediate rapid protection upon reencounter with cognate antigen. These properties make control of CD8 T cell responses a highly desirable outcome of vaccine strategies and immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding how the effector function and memory differentiation of CD8 T cells are controlled at a molecular level is of great importance. In the context of infection with gammaherpesviruses (γHV), which form a latent …
The Quest To Identify A New Virus Disease Of Sunflower From Nebraska,
2022
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
The Quest To Identify A New Virus Disease Of Sunflower From Nebraska, Robert M. Harveson, Maher Al Rwahnih, California Department Of Food And Agriculture, Alex Karasev, Tom J. Gulya, Jeff Bradshaw
Panhandle Research and Extension Center
Between 2010 and 2018, sunflower plants exhibiting virus-like symptoms, including stunting, mottling, and chlorotic ringspots on leaves, were observed from commercial fields and research plots from four sites within three distinct counties of western Nebraska (Box Butte, Kimball, and Scotts Bluff). Near identical symptoms from field samples were reproduced on seedlings mechanically in the greenhouse on multiple occasions, confirming the presence of a sap-transmissible virus from each site. Symptomatic greenhouse-inoculated plants from the 2010 and 2011 Box Butte samples tested negative for sunflower mosaic virus (SuMV), sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV), and all potyviruses in general by ELISA and RT-PCR. …
Spatial Localization Of Markers And 3d-Cell Model For Study Of The Human Cytomegalovirus Cytoplasmic Virion Assembly Compartment,
2022
Wayne State University
Spatial Localization Of Markers And 3d-Cell Model For Study Of The Human Cytomegalovirus Cytoplasmic Virion Assembly Compartment, Taylor Alan Vensko
Wayne State University Theses
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and is a leading cause of congenital disease. Efficient assembly of virions (viral particles) is an intricate process that requires modulation and modification of host systems. HCMV induces an extensive rearrangement of the cellular endocytic recycling compartment into the site of virion maturation and egress: the cytoplasmic virion assembly compartment (cVAC). The HCMV cVAC is a distinguishing characteristic of infection, although studies have only been performed in traditional cell culture with limited observations in infectedhuman tissues. To study the cVAC, viral and cellular markers that are discrete to their respective compartments …
Isolation And Characterization Of Novel B. Subtilis Bacteriophages,
2022
Teaching Center Faculty
Isolation And Characterization Of Novel B. Subtilis Bacteriophages, Johnson Phung, Rebecca Adams
Science University Research Symposium (SURS)
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria cells. Bacteria, being the most abundant form of life on the planet, have an estimated ten to a hundred different types of bacteriophages that infect each species. Bacteriophages are everywhere on Earth, but the number of phages that have been identified is only a fraction of what are thought to exist. This project focuses on isolating and identifying phages that infect the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. B subtilis is a decomposition microbe commonly found in the soil. Our first goal was to determine whether the 3 samples of Bacillus subtilis phages that were previously …
Bisacodyl Limits Chikungunya Virus In Vitro And Is Broadly Antiviral,
2022
Loyola University Chicago
Bisacodyl Limits Chikungunya Virus In Vitro And Is Broadly Antiviral, Natalie June Lomascolo
Master's Theses
Identifying novel antivirals requires significant time and resource investment, and the continuous threat of viruses to human health necessitates commitment to antiviral identification and development. Developing antivirals requires years of research and validation, and recent outbreaks have highlighted the need for preparedness in counteracting pandemics. One way to facilitate development is to repurpose molecules already used clinically. By screening such compounds, we can accelerate antiviral development. Here, we screened compounds from the National Institutes of Health’s Developmental Therapeutic Program for activity against chikungunya virus, an alphavirus that is responsible for a significant outbreak in the Americas in 2013. Using this …
E7, Ptpn14, And Yap1: How Papillomaviruses Retain Cells In The Basal Epithelial Layer With Implications For Persistence And Carcinogenesis,
2022
University of Pennsylvania
E7, Ptpn14, And Yap1: How Papillomaviruses Retain Cells In The Basal Epithelial Layer With Implications For Persistence And Carcinogenesis, Joshua Hatterschide
Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause about 4.5% of the human cancer burden. The HPV E7 oncoprotein is one of the primary drivers of HPV-mediated carcinogenesis and facilitates HPV replication. The most well-studied HPV E7 activity is inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB1), which dysregulates the cell cycle. However, there is substantial evidence to suggest that HPV E7 must have other activities in addition to RB1 inactivation. HPV E7 proteins from diverse HPV genotypes interact with the host cell tumor suppressor protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 14 (PTPN14). Many HPV E7 proteins also direct PTPN14 for proteosome-mediated degradation. Through my …
Evaluation Of Oasl And Herc5’S Role In The Non-Lytic Clearance Of Influenza A Virus From Club Cells,
2022
West Chester University
Evaluation Of Oasl And Herc5’S Role In The Non-Lytic Clearance Of Influenza A Virus From Club Cells, Steve Crisafulli
West Chester University Master’s Theses
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly infectious pathogen responsible for causing severe respiratory illness and death in humans and animals worldwide. Due to highly effective strategies to negate host antiviral defenses, IAV leads to the death of nearly all infected cells. Furthermore, IAV induces high levels of genome-damaging oxidative stress within infected cells and suppresses the cellular mismatch repair (MMR) mechanism, thereby inhibiting expression of key antiviral genes, which further contributes to cell death. However, recent studies have demonstrated that a subset of respiratory epithelial cells, called club cells, are able to non-lytically clear IAV and continue to survive …
