A Novel Approach To Increase Accuracy In Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration Through Basin Water Balance And Flux Tower Constraints,
2025
ASRC Federal Data Solutions
A Novel Approach To Increase Accuracy In Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration Through Basin Water Balance And Flux Tower Constraints, Kul Khand, Gabriel B. Senay, Mackenzie Friedrichs, Koong Yi, Joshua B. Fisher, Lixin Wang, Kosana Suvočarev, Arman Ahmadi, Housen Chu, Stephen Good, Kanishka Mallick, Justine Missik, Jacob A. Nelson, David E. Reed, Tianxin Wang, Xiangming Xiao
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Remote sensing-derived evapotranspiration (RSET) products capture the spatiotemporal variations of evapotranspiration (ET) from field to basin scales with unprecedented details. However, their accuracy varies across RSET estimation methods and diverse hydroclimate regions. While ET modeling efforts to account for biophysical processes and controlling parameters have made good progress in recent years, a parallel approach of integrating in-situ ET with RSET could reduce biases in RSET products. Basin water balance ET (WBET) and flux tower ET are widely applied to evaluate RSET accuracy, yet such ET measurements are rarely used for RSET bias corrections, especially for large area applications. To address …
Detecting Ionospheric Disturbances Using High Frequency Coastal Radar Transmissions From The West Coast Of The United States,
2025
Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory
Detecting Ionospheric Disturbances Using High Frequency Coastal Radar Transmissions From The West Coast Of The United States, Riley N. Troyer, Kenneth Obenberger, Michael Negale, Eugene Dao, Zsolt Balint, Eric Burnside, Kris Robinson, Jeffrey M. Holmes, Pavel Inchin, Jonathan Snively
Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications
Coastal radar system are located around the world and many happen to transmit at frequencies capable of skywave propagation via the ionosphere. Therefore, they can be detected hundreds to thousands of kilometers away. This paper demonstrates the opportunity to detect 39 Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar transmitters located on the western coast of the United States using three HF radio receivers in Utah and New Mexico. It also illustrates the possibility to use the phase and Doppler measurements of these signals to derive displacements of the refracting ionospheric layer up to meter resolution for the 2023 annular solar eclipse, an …
A Uas-Centered Investigation Of Vorticity Characteristics And Cold Pool Structure Across Forward And Left-Flank Boundaries In Supercells,
2025
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
A Uas-Centered Investigation Of Vorticity Characteristics And Cold Pool Structure Across Forward And Left-Flank Boundaries In Supercells, Mark R. De Bruin
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Supercell internal boundaries are the locus of tornadogenesis; thus, understanding the characteristics of these boundaries, particularly in terms of vorticity, is important for identifying the role they play in tornado formation. Insight into the overall characteristics of internal boundaries and their possible role in tornadogenesis have been driven by studies reliant on numerical modeling-based experiments. Observational studies often neglect above-surface conditions or, when these observations are made, lack the spatial resolution to resolve boundary characteristics. During TORUS (Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells) 2019 and TORUS-LItE (TORUS Left-flank Intensive Experiment) 2023, uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) and mobile mesonets …
Machine Learning-Based Variance Analysis Of Brightness Temperature In Simulated Satellite Footprints,
2025
Towson University
Machine Learning-Based Variance Analysis Of Brightness Temperature In Simulated Satellite Footprints, Chhaya R. Kulkarni, Nikki Prive, Vandana P. Janeja
I-GUIDE Forum
This study investigates the variance in brightness temperature (BT) within simulated satellite footprints for Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE), focusing specifically on Channels 5 and 11 of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A). High-resolution atmospheric simulations from the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains (DYAMOND) dataset were utilized to generate brightness temperature data using the Python interface for the Community Radiative Transfer Model (PyCRTM). A computational design map incorporating Random Forest and Association Rule Mining was employed to identify and validate key atmospheric variables influencing BT variance. This ensemble approach facilitated a deeper understanding of atmospheric …
How’S It Growing? Tools For Observing Snow And Sea Ice In A Changing Arctic Ocean,
2025
Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College
How’S It Growing? Tools For Observing Snow And Sea Ice In A Changing Arctic Ocean, Ian Alexander Raphael
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
September Arctic sea ice extent has diminished by roughly 50% in the 45 years since satellite observations began. The Arctic Ocean may experience ice-free summers within the next decade, with implications for habitat, resource extraction, geopolitics, and local and global climate change. To predict how Arctic sea ice will change in the future, we need to understand its behavior in the present. In situ sea ice mass balance measurements (snow accumulation, ice growth, snow and ice surface melt, and bottom melt) are essential for studying the processes driving rapid changes in the ice pack, and for validating remote sensing measurements …
Photochemistry Of Quinones And Combustion-Derived Particles,
2025
University of Denver
Photochemistry Of Quinones And Combustion-Derived Particles, Desiree J. Sarmiento
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Quinones are ubiquitous species that can be produced from the photochemical aging of combustion-derived particles (CDPs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a major component of CDPs and are precursors to quinones and other oxidized products (OPAHs). My work first expanded on the PAH and OPAH photochemistry research of Dr. John Haynes, who showed that anthracene (ANT) oxidizes into 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NAPQ), 1,4-anthraquinone (1,4-ANTQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ANTQ), and of Dr. Heather Runberg, who demonstrated the ability of ANT and these quinones to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), I was given the opportunity to investigate …
Influence Of Tropical Cyclones, Southwest Monsoon, And Tropical Cyclone-Enhanced Southwest Monsoon On Rainfall Variability Over The Western Coast Of The Philippines,
2025
Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University
Influence Of Tropical Cyclones, Southwest Monsoon, And Tropical Cyclone-Enhanced Southwest Monsoon On Rainfall Variability Over The Western Coast Of The Philippines, Alwin Bathan, Lyndon Mark Olaguera, Faye Abigail T. Cruz, Jose Ramon T. Villarin, Joel T. Maquiling, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, John A. Manalo, Jun Matsumoto
SOSE Affiliate: Manila Observatory
This study investigates the processes driving interannual variability of rainfall over the western coast of the Philippines during the peak southwest monsoon (SWM) months (July–September) from 1961 to 2022. Specifically, it describes how tropical cyclones (TC), SWM, and TC-enhanced SWM influence SWM rainfall variability. Rainfall measurements from 11 stations along the western coast of the Philippines were classified into three types: direct TC rainfall (PD), indirect TC rainfall (PI), and SWM rainfall (PSM). The yearly contributions of PD, PI, and PSM to SWM rainfall were estimated to be 15.4 %, 33.1 %, and 51.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, four rainfall variability …
High-Resolution Temperature Profiling In The Pi Chamber: Variability Of Statistical Properties Of Temperature Fluctuations,
2025
University of Warsaw
High-Resolution Temperature Profiling In The Pi Chamber: Variability Of Statistical Properties Of Temperature Fluctuations, Robert Grosz, Kamal Kant Chandrakar, Raymond A. Shaw, Jesse C. Anderson, Will Cantrell, Szymon P. Malinowski
Michigan Tech Research Data
This study delves into the small-scale temperature structure inside the turbulent convection Pi Chamber under three temperature differences (10, 15, and 20 K) at Rayleigh number Ra ~ 10^9 and Prandtl number Pr = 0.7. We performed high-frequency measurements (2 kHz) with the UltraFast Thermometer (UFT) at selected points along the vertical axis. The miniaturized design of the sensor with a resistive platinum-coated tungsten wire, 2.5 μm thick and 3 mm long, mounted on a miniature wire probe, allowed for vertically undisturbed temperature
profiling through the chamber’s depth spanning from 8 cm above the bottom to 5 cm below the …
Pm2.5 Forecasting At U.S. Embassies And Consulates Worldwide Using Nasa Model Powered By Machine Learning,
2025
Morgan State University
Pm2.5 Forecasting At U.S. Embassies And Consulates Worldwide Using Nasa Model Powered By Machine Learning, Junhyeon Seo, Alqamah Sayeed, Seohui Park, John Kerekes, Stephanie Christel, Mary Tran, Pawan Gupta
Articles
Air quality forecasting is crucial for public health, especially in rural, suburban, and developing areas lacking reliable monitoring data. Hybrid monitoring (surface, satellite, and models) offers a scalable, cost‐ effective solution for tracking pollution and trends. This work presents a machine learning model that integrates ground measurements with global model outputs assimilating satellite observations to forecast air quality. Ground measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from over 60 U.S. embassies and consulates were used to calibrate global model outputs for local air quality forecasting. Multi‐channel input data was prepared using the Goddard Earth Observing System forward processing for meteorology and …
Investigating The Role Of Aerosols In Extreme Precipitation Events Along The Gulf Coast Of The U.S.A.,
2025
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Investigating The Role Of Aerosols In Extreme Precipitation Events Along The Gulf Coast Of The U.S.A., Wenjia Cao
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Atmospheric aerosols have been found to influence tropical cyclone (TC) and flood event development. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model is applied to investigate specific microphysical impacts and aerosol sensitivity to heavy precipitation and TC events in the U.S. Gulf Coastal area. The Thompson aerosol-aware scheme with regular and adjusted aerosol concentration scenarios is used to quantify precipitation, wind field, horizontal/vertical structures, and track variations, by aerosol mixing ratio. In general, results for the three storms analyzed (the 2016 Baton Rouge, Louisiana, flood event (Chapter 2); Hurricane Harvey in 2017 (Chapter 3); and an idealized storm event …
Large-Scale Groundwater System Characterization Using Pressure Responses To Barometric Perturbations Caused By The 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption,
2025
Jilin University
Large-Scale Groundwater System Characterization Using Pressure Responses To Barometric Perturbations Caused By The 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption, Anhua He, Yang Liu, Fan Zhang, Huamei Zhang, Ramesh P. Singh, Yanzhang Wang
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic erupted on 15 January 2022, causing Lamb waves to propagate throughout the global troposphere. However, reports on volcanic eruptions–pressure fluctuations and water level dynamics are lacking. We quantified the propagation processes of Lamb waves induced by the Tonga volcanic eruption. Barometric pressure data collected at 1-min intervals at 485 meteorological stations in China showed that the eruption induced an atmospheric pressure event with an amplitude of ∼2 hPa over an hour and a wave speed of 295 m/s. Concomitant groundwater levels were available at 338 wells to find the barometric response to the volcanic event. The …
Estimating The Future Frequency Of Bonnet Carré Spillway Openings,
2025
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Estimating The Future Frequency Of Bonnet Carré Spillway Openings, Kayla Thomas
LSU Master's Theses
In the 2010s, the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS) in southeastern Louisiana, U.S.A., experienced an unprecedented uptick in openings to mitigate the possibility of flooding, including a record double-opening in 2019. Both the environmental consequences of BCS openings associated with nutrients that run from the Mississippi River into Lake Pontchartrain and the synoptic-scale meteorological conditions that necessitate these openings are poorly understood. With the unexpectedly frequent openings in recent years and the ever-present threat of climate change, it is vital to consider the future shift of synoptic-scale climate patterns and how it can relate to BCS openings. Understanding the potential for …
From Tree Rings To Streamflow: Reconstructing The Hydroclimatic History Of The Mississippi River Basin Over The Past Millennia,
2025
Mississippi State University
From Tree Rings To Streamflow: Reconstructing The Hydroclimatic History Of The Mississippi River Basin Over The Past Millennia, Brandon Mcdaniel
Theses and Dissertations
The Mississippi River Basin (MRB), the largest watershed in the United States, plays a central role in shaping regional hydroclimate. This study reconstructs streamflow variability in the MRB from the year 1200 to 2005 by applying principal component regression to streamflow data from 51 gauges and the North American Drought Atlas (NADA), a tree-ring-based reconstruction of the summer self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index. Verification statistics indicated strong predictive skill across the domain. These findings provide critical insight into long-term hydroclimatic variability in the MRB and underscore the value of paleoclimate records for improving water resource assessments.
Dry And Wet Deposition Of Atmospheric Microplastics In Las Vegas, Nevada,
2025
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Dry And Wet Deposition Of Atmospheric Microplastics In Las Vegas, Nevada, Laine Adame
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Plastics have been one of the most widely used man-made materials since their inception, and production is expected to grow by five percent every year. Plastic waste has become a growing global environmental issue. Primary MPs are plastics that are created to be intentionally tiny for their specific functional purpose. Secondary microplastics (MPs) are byproducts of plastic waste occurring due to the breakdown of larger plastics resulting in the presence and accumulation of MPs in the environment. MPs are defined as tiny particles of plastic between 5 mm and 1 μm in size. MPs have been found in the deep …
Climate Constrains The Enhancement Of Co2 Fertilization On Forest Gross Primary Productivity,
2025
University of Maine
Climate Constrains The Enhancement Of Co2 Fertilization On Forest Gross Primary Productivity, Xinyuan Wei, Daniel J. Hayes, Christopher R. Schwalm, Joshua B. Fisher, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Lei Ma, Rodrigo Vargas, Nathaniel A. Brunsell
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Forest gross primary production (GPP) is influenced by the interplay between climate conditions and atmospheric CO2 levels, which interact in complex ways, generating both compensating and amplifying effects. In this study, eddy covariance flux measurements from 50 forest ecosystems were integrated with simulations from 14 terrestrial biosphere models to investigate how climate conditions and atmospheric CO2 concentrations regulate forest GPP. This approach bridges site-level observations with biome-scale model estimates to develop a global understanding. Our findings suggest that in boreal and cold temperate regions, temperature primarily constrains the enhancement of the CO2 fertilization on forest GPP; however, …
Interpreting Spatial And Temporal Variations In Global Air Quality Using A Chemical Transport Modeling Framework,
2025
Washington University – McKelvey School of Engineering
Interpreting Spatial And Temporal Variations In Global Air Quality Using A Chemical Transport Modeling Framework, Deepangsu Chatterjee
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Air quality is a major health concern. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) is a leading mortality risk factor across the world. Numerous cohort studies conducted over the past two decades have identified strong associations between ambient air pollution and human mortality, highlighting the adverse health effects of PM2.5 and NO2 exposure. My thesis includes three studies that contribute to a better understanding of air quality. In many regions, including South Asia, elevated emissions from various sectors and sparse ground monitoring are significant challenges. The concurrent development and use of the high-performance …
The Human Legacy: Agriculture, Civilizations, Strife, And Pandemics Changing Our Climate,
2025
SUNY Geneseo
The Human Legacy: Agriculture, Civilizations, Strife, And Pandemics Changing Our Climate, Jacalyn M. Wittmer Malinowski
Climate Change and the Individual, 2025-26
For most of human history, climate has shaped our lives, while our influence on it remained minimal. However, the notion that early humans had no measurable impact on the climate before industrialization is inaccurate. Early in human history, activities – such as the rise of agriculture, the growth of civilizations, periods of conflict, and pandemics – altered greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. These changes contributed to significant periods of climate change long before the burning of fossil fuels set us on the path to today’s global climate crisis.
The Influence Of Complex Terrain On The Turin, New York Tornado Of 2023,
2025
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Influence Of Complex Terrain On The Turin, New York Tornado Of 2023, Alex D. Kramer
Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Honors Program
Although uncommon as compared to other regions of the United States, the Northeast does experience significant tornados; those rated F/EF3 and above, of which some have had profound impacts on the region. Due to the diverse topography of the region, including its many northsouth oriented river valleys, most of these significant tornados traversed considerable changes in elevation throughout their lifetime. This study seeks to better understand the impacts of local topography on the intensity and overall progression of a significant tornadic event through using the most recent Northeast EF3: the Turin, NY tornado. With the consideration of previous studies involving …
The Role Of The Neutral Wind In Observations Of High-Latitude Ionospheric Energy Transfer,
2025
Clemson University
The Role Of The Neutral Wind In Observations Of High-Latitude Ionospheric Energy Transfer, Andrew M. Pepper
All Dissertations
Joule heating results from the collisional interaction between ions and neutrals and serves as a crucial mechanism for energy transfer between Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere-thermosphere system, particularly at high latitudes. This dissertation investigates the modulation of Joule heating by altitude-resolved neutral winds, electric fields, and conductivity variations through multi-instrument observational analysis and modeling that incorporates both in-situ and ground-based sources to measure the main drivers of ion-neutral coupling. The observations presented consistently demonstrate a dual regulatory effect of the neutral wind on energy deposition that varies systematically with both geomagnetic activity level and proximity to auroral boundaries. In regions characterized …
The Petm: A Window Into Earth's Future Climate,
2025
SUNY Geneseo
The Petm: A Window Into Earth's Future Climate, Jacalyn M. Wittmer Malinowski
Climate Change and the Individual, 2025-26
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is not just an event that occurred in Earth’s distant past (~55 million years ago) but is a crucial lesson for today’s meteoric climate change. The PETM offers a historical parallel of rapid flux of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere that caused global warming, ocean acidification, dramatic changes in weather, and extinctions. This global warming event was the result of 20,000 years of “rapid” warming (in geological terms) however, we are experiencing rates of warming that are 5-10x higher than PETM levels. We are not experiencing rapid warming today, in comparison to the past, we …
