Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons^™

Global Prevalence And Zoonotic Potential Of Cryptosporidiosis In Camels (Camelus Dromedarius): Systematic Meta-Analysis, Mohamed Marzok, Hussein Babiker, Mohamed Tharwat, Sabry El-Khodery

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In this study, meta-analysis on prevalence and zoonotic significance of cryptosporidium infection in camels was performed. This study was completed following the instructions of PRISMA. Data were extracted afterward a complete search, and eligible articles were identified. The data were analyzed using a specific software program for meta-analysis, and the results included effect size, confidence intervals (CI), heterogeneity, and publication bias. A total of 4075 camels from 18 accepted studies were investigated for cryptosporidium infection. Of all, 287 camels were found positive for cryptosporidium infection, with a prevalence of 7.04%. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in camels varied significantly among …

First Serological Evidence Of Coxiella Burnetii And Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (Map) Among Deer In An Institutional Farm In Malaysia, Bura Thlama Paul, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Shivnraj Sundar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Nur Hanis Nadhirah Yosryhan, Yonis Ahmed Ahmed Jimale Dr, Eric Lim Teik Chung Dr, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila Prof

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, which is associated with reproductive disorders such as abortion and reproductive problems in ruminants, while paratuberculosis is an underdiagnosed disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which causes chronic wasting, low fertility, and mortality in ruminants. Although both C. burnetii and MAP infections have been reported in domestic ruminants worldwide, there is no data on their seroprevalence status among deer in Selangor, Malaysia. This study investigated the seroprevalence status of C. burnetii and MAP among deer in Malaysia. Ninety-two blood sera collected from an institutional deer farm were screened …

Seroprevalence Of Lawsonia Intracellularis Antibodies Among Large-Scale Swine Farming Systems In Thailand, Thanh Che Nguyen, Chairani Ridha Maghfira, Nathaya Young, Kanokwan Samatiwat, Chaiyan Kaewpaluk, Apisak Laothanakit, Pawarisa Mungprasittichai, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Yaowalak Panyasing

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases caused by bacteria have been a major problem in the swine industry, including Thailand. Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), also known as porcine ileitis, is an enteric infectious disease caused by Lawsonia intracellularis – an obligate intracellular bacterium. PPE has been an economic threat to the global pork production system due to various types of diarrheas. Serological diagnosis can be applied to the seroprevalence of pathogen-antibodies and the timing of L. intracellularis infection when introduced to the herd. This present study showed the current serological status and the seroprevalence of antibodies against L. intracellularis in large-scale Thai swine …

Clinical Response To Oclacitinib In Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic T-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Reports, Takuma Imai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The chemotherapy for canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T cell lymphoma (CETL) might cause unpleasant side effects or fail to produce positive results. We attempted a different approach with a more tolerable treatment option. We administered a high dose of oclacitinib (1.6 mg/kg/twice daily) to a patient diagnosed with CETL through histopathological examination and immunocytochemical staining. The patient had previously shown a poor response to chemotherapy and severe side effects to steroids. Within one month of starting oclacitinib treatment, we observed significant improvement in clinical symptoms, followed by improved appetite, increased activity, and weight gain after 2.5 months. However, subsequently, the patient's …

Productivity Of Young Broilers Fed Phyllanthus Niruri Linn And Melaleuca Cajuput Leaf Meal As A Phytogenic Feed Additive, Listya Purnamasari

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Feed additives from medicinal plants can be used as alternative antibiotics to optimize productivity, growth, and health of livestock. Medicinal plants Phyllanthus niruri Linn (Meniran) and Melaleuca cajuput (Kajuput) as alternative growth promoters contain antioxidants and antimicrobials to improve the quality of animal products. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of medicinal plant leaf meals as phytogenic feed additives on broilers’ productivity and internal organ parameters. For 21 days fed, 80 1-day-old Loughmann broilers (MB202) unsex were distributed in 4 treatments with 4 pens per treatment and 5 birds per pen. The dietary treatments were: T1 …

Effects Of Prostaglandin Administration After Farrowing On Milk Output, Vaginal Discharge, And Mastitis During The Early Postpartum Period In Sows Under Field Conditions, G. Romano, R. Saleri, F. De Rensis, E. Dall’Olio, Padet Tummaruk, M. Andrani, C. Mazzoni

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study evaluates the clinical effects of early post-partum prostaglandin administration on milk output, vaginal discharge and mastitis in sow. Two groups of sows were used: sows (n = 25) treated with prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF-2α) intramuscularly 36 h after farrowing and a control group (n = 48) that did not receive any treatment. Seventy-two hours after farrowing, all animals were scored for rectal temperature, respiratory rate, feed ingestion, milk output, vaginal discharge and mastitis. Rectal temperature, feed intake, and milk output did not differ between the groups (P = 0.43). Regarding the clinical data, vaginal discharge was detected in …

Antibiotic Resistance In Livestock: A Literature Review Of Its Consequences And International Effort On Human Antimicrobial Agents Resistant Crisis, Ha Nguyen

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Despite their benefits, the overuse of antibiotics in livestock has resulted in negative consequences to human health and the augmenting of an antibiotic-resistant crisis. Countries worldwide have conducted analyses and confirmed the growth of bacterial strains immune to most antibiotics. The widespread use of antibiotics is shown in various sectors, including human medicine and agriculture, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

Purpose: This comprehensive literature review focuses on finding the connection between the usage of antibiotics in livestock, the transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans through consumption and exposure, and international efforts to find solutions to antimicrobial …

Understanding The Role Of The Microbiome In Infectious Disease, Developing Surveillance Tools, And Engineering Direct Fed Microbials To Improve Animal Health, Alison Clare (Bartenslager) Neujahr

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

With the ever-increasing demand for animal protein and the continual need for the assurance of proper animal welfare, investigations of preventative strategies for diseases is greatly needed. Specifically in the cattle industry, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, causes a large economic loss to the producer. However, effective mitigation strategies are lacking. Partly, this is due to the lack of studies investigating the ocular microbiome. Therefore, studies investigating the bovine ocular microbiome are greatly needed to better understand IBK disease etiology. To this end, we investigated the changes in the ocular microbiome in animals before, during and after …

A History Of The Development Of Alternatives To Animals In Research And Testing, John Parascandola

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

Growing public interest in animal welfare issues in recent decades has prompted increased attention to the efforts to develop alternative, nonanimal methods for use in biomedical research and product testing. In A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing, the first book-length study of the subject, John Parascandola traces the history of the concept of alternatives to the use of animals in research and testing in Britain and the United States from its beginnings until it had become firmly established in the scientific and animal protection communities by the end of the 1980s. This …

Addressing Farm Safety: Farm Safety Dinner Theaters In The Shenandoah Valley, Tammy Kiser, Michelle Seekford, Jeremy Daubert

Virginia Journal of Public Health

Statistics demonstrate that farm safety and wellness issues affect all ages in the agricultural community. However, an increased proportion of youth and older farm workers comprise the highest rates of farm-related morbidity and mortality. Engaging farmers in increasing safe practices in the agricultural community is an important, ongoing challenge.

Methodology

Farm Safety Dinner Theaters, an initiative created through community-based participatory research (CBPR) at the University of Kentucky, provide a relaxed environment where farmers and their families can identify safety and wellness issues, watch as the actors process these issues, and enjoy a meal. Seeing the situations played out in theater …

A Survey Of Pet Caretakers On The Use And Perceptions Regarding Heartworm Prophylaxis For Prevention Of Canine Heartworm Disease, Stacie Williams, Charles T. Faulkner

Faculty Other Scholarly Content

Canine heartworm disease (CHWD) is caused by infection with the nematode parasite Dirofilaria immitis transmitted through the bite of a mosquito carrying the infective stage larva. The disease is insidious in its onset and almost 100% preventable with the use of highly effective pharmaceutical compounds that target the migrating larval stage acquired from the mosquito. However, use of canine heartworm prophylaxis among pet dog caretakers is not universally accepted and sometimes viewed with skepticism. Previous research conducted in the Cumberland Gap Region (CGR) indicated that 41.8% of dog owning individuals do not use prophylactic products. In this study, we surveyed …

Characterizing The Roles Of Bacterial And Viral Agents In House Crickets (Acheta Domesticus) At Commercial Rearing Facilities In The United States, Kimberly L. Boykin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Feeder insects, and in particular crickets, are becoming more popular as food for humans and domesticated animals. However, disease outbreaks continue to decimate commercial populations. The goals of this dissertation were to characterize the epidemiology of different viral and bacterial pathogens affecting the survival of European house crickets (Acheta domesticus) being raised under mass rearing conditions and identify methods to reduce the impact of these pathogens.

Crickets from nine different producers across the United States were sampled during different seasons to better estimate the prevalence of three pathogenic viruses: Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV), Acheta domesticus volvovirus (AdVVV), and …

Histories, Cultural Contexts, Health Status, Wildlife Contact Characteristics, And Perception Towards Covid-19 Of The Urak Lawoi Ethnic Group In Koh Lanta District, Krabi Province Of Thailand: A Qualitative Study, Kanokwan Suwannarong, Paisit Boonyakawee, Thanomsin Ponlap, Kannika Thammasutti, Phitsanuruk Kanthawee, Nisachon Bubpa, Chularat Boonyakawee, Vittaya Pulkird, Junsri Changnum

Journal of Health Research

Background: The Urak Lawoi ethnic group is an indigenous community residing in the Andaman Sea of southern Thailand and are engaged in various activities related to wild animals. This qualitative study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 to collect information on wildlife contact characteristics and determine the level of awareness and understanding of zoonotic diseases and COVID-19 risks among this ethnic group in Koh Lanta district, Krabi province.

Methods: This qualitative study collected data through key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study respondents included 29 Urak Lawoi village health volunteers (VHVs), To Mo …

Experimental Sars-Cov-2 Infection Of Elk And Mule Deer, Stephanie M. Porter, Airn E. Hartwig, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Jeffrey M. Marano, J. Jeffrey Root, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

To assess the susceptibility of elk (Cervus canadensis) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) to SARS-CoV-2, we performed experimental infections in both species. Elk did not shed infectious virus but mounted low-level serologic responses. Mule deer shed and transmitted virus and mounted pronounced serologic responses and thus could play a role in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology.

2024 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cow- calf Nutrition, Reproduction, and Management

• Impact of Increasing Level of Milk Production on Cow- Calf Performance in Nebraska Sandhills
• Artificial Insemination of Beef Heifers with Multi- Sire Semen
• Effect of Heifer Percent Mature Body Weight at Breeding on Heifer Performance, Calf Production, and Subsequent Pregnancy Rates
• Effect of Glucogenic Feed Additive on Reproductive Performance in Young Postpartum Range Cows
• The Effect of Late Gestation Supplementation Strategy on Cow- Calf Performance in March- Calving Mature Cows
• The Impact of Pre- partum Supplementation Strategy on Cow- Calf Performance in May- Calving Mature Cows
• The Effect of Postpartum Supplementation Strategy on Performance …

Predicting Live Body Wight Of Yearling Beef Heifers Using 3d Imaging, Dalton J. Anderson, Yijie Xiong, Andrea K. Watson, J. Travis Mulliniks

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of using 3D imaging technology as a method to predict shrunk body weight (BW) of growing yearling beef heifers. Red Angus x SImmental heifers (n = 69, BW = 726 ± 62 lbs; 12 months of age) were utilized for data collection. A time-of-flight depth camera (Azure Kinect, Microsoft) was used to collect depth videos as heifers walked out of the chute. Ideal image frames were identified from videos and used to determine the body volume of each heifer. Prediction of BW using images produced an R² (estimate of model fit) …

Impact Of Varying Inclusion Of Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Compared To Constant Inclusion On Feedlot Cattle Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Debora G. Sousa, Rebecca Mcdermott, Mitch M. Norman, J. C. Macdonald, Rick A. Stock, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying inclusion of modified distillers grains plus solubles on a weekly basis with two inclusions of grass hay on the performance of finishing steers. no interaction was observed between modified distillers grains plus solubles inclusion (0%, 25% constant, or 25% varying from 15-35%) and hay inclusion (6% or 12%). When evaluating the effect of hay inclusion on performance, cattle fed 6% grass hay had less dry matter intake than those fed 12% grass hay, and there was a tendency for gains to be greater for cattle fed 6% grass hay. Adding …

Impact Of Feeding New Fractioinated Distillers Grains (Fiber Plus Syrup) On Feedlot Cattle Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Debora G. Sousa, Rebecca L. Mcdermott, Mitch M. Norman, James C. Macdonald, Rick Stock, Ryan A. Mass, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Fractionation processes are being explored to supply higher protein distillers grains for premium markets. Resulting distillers grains after a fraction is isolated will still be marketed as a cattle feed so knowing the impact on performance is important. This study evaluated feeding wet or dry conventional distillers grains with wet and dry fractionated distillers (fiber plus syrup) fed at 0, 20, or 40% of diet DM. When compared to the corn control, intake and gain increased for each of the four distillers types were fed, but feed conversion was poorer (i.e., increased) for dry distillers grains and dry fiber plus …

Comparison Of Corn Silage And Earlage In Finishing Diets When Fed As A Roughage On A Neutral Detergent Fiber Basis, Garrett N. Lemon, Rebecca Mcdermott, Alfredo Dicostanzo, Galen E. Erickson, Pablo L. Loza

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The finishing trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of earlage to serve as a roughage source compared to corn silage when both sources were balanced on an NDF basis. Steers were fed in a randomized block design with a 2x2 treatment arrangement, with one factor being NDF source (corn silage or earlage) and the other factor being inclusion ("normal" amount of roughage provided by corn silage or earlage as the only grain source and roughage source). No significant interactions were observed between roughage source and inclusion level on steer performance. Steers fed corn silage and grain had greater intakes …

Nebraska Producer Perceptions On The Role And Implications Of Negotiations In Fed Cattle Transactions, Taralee Hudson, Elliott James Dennis, Brad D. Lubben, James C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A survey of ten feelot operators, as identified through the Nebraska Department of Agriculture's (NDA) 2019-2020 Cattle Feeder's Directory was conducted to identify the important concepts related to negotiated transactions and price discovery within the fed cattle market. The surveyed feedlots account for approximately 10 percent of the cattle on feed identified within the directory, on a one time capacity basis. Conducted in April of 2023 via phone conversation, the questions were related to 1) negotiated cash transactions, 2) the bidding process, and 3) thinning cash trade. Such results lend insight into the marketing practices that currently dominate the fed …