Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Mycoplasma Infections In Dairy Cattle Farms In Turkey, Zafer Sayin, Asli Sakmanoğlu, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan, Ali̇ Uslu, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Hadi̇mli̇, Zeki̇ Aras, Özgür Özdemi̇r, Osman Ergani̇ş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mycoplasmas cause the most severe and economically costly diseases of cattle throughout the world. In this study, Mycoplasma species were isolated from calves and cows with suspected mycoplasmosis in Holstein dairy cattle farms within 7 geographical regions of Turkey between May 2010 and December 2015. Mycoplasma infections were positive in 17 (80.9%) of 21 dairy cattle farms and the overall percentage was calculated as 32.1%. The highest isolation rate occurred in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (42.8%), and the lowest was observed in the Mediterranean Region (19.6%). In total, 172 Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from samples. Using PCR analysis, 149 (87.6%) …

Comparison Of Foetal Growth In Singleton And Twin Pregnancies Byb-Mode And Doppler Ultrasonography In Karya Ewes, Güneş Erdoğan, Hayretti̇n Çeti̇n, Ahmet Ceylan, İlker Seri̇n, Hakki Bülent Beceri̇kli̇soy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Foetal growth and haemodynamic features were investigated in singleton and twin pregnancies in Karya ewes with B-mode/Doppler ultrasonography. Nineteen healthy singleton (n = 9) and twin (n = 10) pregnant Karya ewes were used. Foetal biometric and haemodynamic measurements were made at 15-day intervals on the 29 foetuses during pregnancy. Biparietal head diameter (BPD), thoracic diameter (TD), umbilical cord diameter (UCD), foetal heart rate (FHR), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were recorded. The BPD was higher in twins on days 55 and 130 of pregnancy (P < 0.05), and the TD was higher in singletons on day 115 of pregnancy (P < 0.01). UCD was higher in twins on day 55 of pregnancy (P < 0.01). On day 130 of pregnancy, PSV and EDV were higher in twin foetuses (P < 0.05). PI and RI were lower in twins on day 40 of pregnancy (P < 0.05). Foetal growth and umbilical artery blood flow show some differences depending on the numbers of foetuses and the gestational stage. Additionally, BPD, TD, and FHR were reliable for estimation of gestational age during twin pregnancies.

Effects Of Combining Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone And Anabolic Implants On Growth Performance And Dietary Energetics Of Holstein Bull Calves Fed Finishing Diets, Victor Gonzalez-Vizcarra, Maria Lopez-Soto, Carolina Pujol-Manriquez, Jesus Urias-Estrada, Alberto Barreras Serrano, Jose Calderon-Cortes, Gilberto Lopez-Valencia, Francisco Monge-Navarro, Alejandro Plascencia

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Twenty-one Holstein bull calves (368 ± 5.2 kg) were used in order to evaluate the effects of combining recombinant bovine growth hormone (bST) and anabolic implants on growth performance and dietary energetics. Steers were assigned (7 repetitions/treatment) to individual pens (16 m2) equipped with automatic waterers and 1.2 m fence-line feed bunks. The experiment lasted 56 days. Treatments were: 1) no bST, no implant; 2) implant; and 3) bST + implant. Compared to implanted cattle, the combination of exogenous bovine somatotropin and anabolic implants did not enhance growth performance or observed dietary energy. Compared to nonimplanted cattle, anabolic implants increased …

Early Pregnancy Diagnosis Using A Commercial Elisa Test Based On Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins In Holstein-Friesian Heifers And Lactating Cows, Mehmet Sali̇h Kaya, Mehmet Köse, Faruk Bozkaya, Hasan Mutlu, Eyyüp Hakan Uçar, Mehmet Osman Atli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a commercial ELISA test kit for detecting pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in peripheral blood for early pregnancy diagnosis and compare plasma PAG levels during early pregnancy in both Holstein-Friesian heifers and lactating cows. A total of 231 plasma samples were collected from heifers and lactating cows on days 25, 28, and 32 after insemination. Pregnancies were confirmed 30 days after the collection of plasma samples. Plasma PAG levels were measured using a commercial ELISA test kit for diagnosing bovine pregnancy. The effects of examination date and animal status (heifers vs. lactating …

Circulating Metabolic And Reproductive Hormone Changes In Laying Hens Kept Under Various Heat-Combating Systems, Muhammad Safdar Anjum, Mansur Abdullah Sandhu, Zia Ur-Rahman, Anum Safdar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to observe the circulating metabolic, reproductive, and stress hormones in laying hen performance under different heat-combating systems (HCSs). A total of 500 White Leghorn pullets at 24 weeks of age were subjected to four HCSs, i.e. desert cooling (DC), water sprinkling (WS), time limit feeding (TLF), and ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation, at environmental temperatures from 32.30 to 40.80 °C with 76.40% relative humidity. Blood was collected before heat stress, at peak stress, and after heat stress to collect plasma. The results of the 24-week stress period showed significantly less circulating T3, T4, estrogen, …

Effect Of Some Essential Oils (Allium Sativum L., Origanum Majorana L.) And Ozonated Olive Oil On The Treatment Of Ear Mites (Otodectes Cynotis) In Cats, Fulya Altinok Yi̇pel, Abuzer Acar, Mustafa Yi̇pel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of certain essential oils and ozonated olive oil on Otodectes cynotis infestations in cats. Twenty-eight cats were included in the study. Infestation was diagnosed through the microscopic examination of ear secretions. Clinical findings were evaluated and scored before and after treatment. Cats were randomly assigned to different treatment groups, which included Group 1 treated with ozonated olive oil, Group 2 treated with garlic oil, Group 3 treated with marjoram oil, and Group 4 treated with permethrin. Each treatment was applied to both ears with approximately 5 drops daily per ear …

Presence Of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Is Correlated With Bacterial Community Diversity And Composition On Pre-Harvest Cattle Hides, Jessica Chopyk, Ryan M. Moore, Zachary Dispirito, Zachary R. Stromberg, Gentry L. Lewis, David G. Renter, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Rodney A. Moxley, K. Eric Wommack

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Since 1982, specific serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been recognized as significant foodborne pathogens acquired from contaminated beef and, more recently, other food products. Cattle are the major reservoir hosts of these organisms, and while there have been advancements in food safety practices and industry standards, STEC still remains prevalent within beef cattle operations with cattle hides implicated as major sources of carcass contamination. To investigate whether the composition of hide-specific microbial communities are associated with STEC prevalence, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bacterial community profiles were obtained from hide and fecal samples collected from a large …

Prevalence And Level Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli In Culled Dairy Cows At Harvest, Zachary R. Stromberg, Gentry L. Lewis, Sharif S. Aly, Terry W. Lehenbauer, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 (collectively EHEC-6) plus EHEC O157 in fecal, hide, and preintervention carcass surface samples from culled dairy cows. Matched samples (n=300) were collected from 100 cows at harvest and tested by a culture-based method and two molecular methods: NeoSEEK STEC (NS) and Atlas STEC EG2 Combo. Both the culture and NS methods can be used to discriminate among the seven EHEC types (EHEC-7), from which the cumulative prevalence was inferred, whereas the Atlas method can discriminate …

Zika Virus- Emergence, Evolution, Pathology, Diagnosis, And Control: Current Global Scenario And Future Perspectives- A Comprehensive Review, Raj K. Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Yashpal S. Malik, Muthannan A. Ramakrishnan, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Sunil K. Joshi

Bioelectrics Publications

This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till the recent large-scale outbreak which occurred in Micronesia, in 2007, the virus was placed into the innocuous pathogen category. The World Health Organization on 1 February 2016 declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.' Of the note, American as well as Pacific Island strains/isolates is relatively closer to Asian lineage strains. The African and American strains share more than 87.5% and 95% homologies with Asian strains/isolates, respectively. …

Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Salivary Cortisol And Cyathostome Infestation In Horses, Danielle L. Keating

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

With an increase in anthelmintic resistance and decreased efficacy of many commercial dewormers, understanding factors that contribute to parasite infestations in horses is integral to their management. The goal of this study was to look at the potential relationship between parasites and stress response by evaluating salivary cortisol levels and cyathostome egg shedding levels. Using a sample size of n = 200 horses from the state of Ohio, fecal and saliva samples were collected from each horse. Fecal egg counts were performed for each horse with a modified Stoll method, and saliva samples were tested with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay …

Differential Gene Expression In Equine Cartilaginous Tissues And Induced Chondrocytes, Emma N. Adam

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Degenerative joint disease, or osteoarthritis, is a major cause of lameness and morbidity in horses, humans, and dogs. There are no truly satisfactory cures for this widespread problem and current treatments all have limitations or unwanted side effects.

New cell-based strategies to repair joint surface lesions have generated a high level of interest, but have yet to achieve the full restoration of articular cartilage structure and function. Currently used therapy cells include autologous chondrocytes and adult mesenchymal cells such as bone marrow derived cells and adipose derived cells. Unfortunately, the resultant repair tissue is biomechanically inferior fibrocartilage. A critical gap …

Rickettsia Felis, Transmission Mechanisms Of An Emerging Flea-Borne Rickettsiosis, Lisa Diane Brown

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. First described as a human pathogen from the United States in 1991, R. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in Africa. The cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of R. felis. Additionally, R. felis has been identified in other hematophagous arthropods (including numerous species of fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, and mites). Most transmission cycles of pathogenic Rickettsia include transovarial and transstadial …

The Role Of Nadph Oxidase 2 (Nox2) In High-Fat Diet-Induced Adiposopathy And Brain Dysfunction In A Mouse Model, Jennifer Kathleen Pepping

LSU Master's Theses

Obesity can have numerous detrimental consequences, namely metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. The pathogenesis and physiologic consequences of obesity are unknown, but they are often associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress in both the body and in the brain. One factor that has been implicated in causing inflammation associated with a high fat diet is the enzyme NADPH oxidase, or NOX, specifically the subunit NOX2. Two studies were performed in order to assess the effects of a high fat diet in combination with a universal NOX2 deficiency and a NOX2 deficiency targeted to …

Age-Related Changes In The Growth Performance, Meat Quality, And Oxidativeprocesses In Breast Muscles Of Three Chicken Genotypes, Monika Michalczuk, Artur Józwik, Krzysztof Damaziak, Zaneta Zdanowska-Sasiadek, Agata Marzec, Dariusz Gozdowski, Nina Strzalkowska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative changes in breast muscles depending on the genotype and age of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 1080 chickens: fast-growing Cobb 500, medium-growing Hubbard JA957, and a slow-growing experimental line. Chickens from all genetic groups were reared on litter for 8 weeks, but from the 5th week of age, 15 chickens from each group were slaughtered every week. After slaughter at weeks 5, 6, 7, and 8 of chickens? lives, their muscles were sampled for chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol. Contents of reduced …

Cast/Mspi Gene Polymorphism And Its Impact On Growth Traits Of Soviet Merinoand Salsk Sheep Breeds In The South European Part Of Russia, Ivan Fedorovich Gorlov, Nadezhda Vasilevna Shirokova, Alexander Vasilevich Randelin, Valeriya Nikolaevna Voronkova, Natalya Ivanovna Mosolova, Elena Yurevna Zlobina, Yury Anatolevich Kolosov, Nekruz Farkhodovich Bakoev, Mariya Anatolevna Leonova, Sirozhdin Yusufovich Bakoev, Anatoly Yurevich Kolosov, Lubov Vladimirovna Getmantseva

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this work was to study MspI polymorphism in the CAST gene in Soviet Merino and Salsk sheep breeds in the South European part of Russia and to find its relation with growth traits. Soviet Merino sheep have been found to have the M and N alleles with a frequency of 0.88 and 0.12 and the MM, MN, and NN genotypes with a frequency of 0.82, 0.12, and 0.06, respectively. Salsk sheep have been established to have the M and N alleles with a frequency of 0.89 and 0.11 and two genotypes, MM and MN, with a frequency …

Comparative Evaluation Of Sequence Analysis Of 16s Rrna And Rpobgenes For Identification Of Aquatic Mycobacteria, Fazel Pourahmad, Randolph Harvey Richards

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The nucleotide sequences of partial 16S rRNA and bacterial RNA polymerase ß-subunit (rpoB) genes for 57 mycobacterial strains were determined. Compared to the 16S rRNA gene sequences, variable regions were scattered along the whole fragment sequence, indicating that the rpoB gene is more polymorphic. Unlike 16S rRNA sequences, species variation was observed within M. fortuitum strains. The topology of the rpoB-based phylogenetic tree was almost the same as that of the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. These results suggest that the rpoB gene is a highly conserved gene, and taxonomical studies based on this gene may be comparable with similar studies …

Isolation Of Virulent Rhodococcus Equi From Arabian Horses In Şanlıurfa, Turkey, Osman Yaşar Tel, Oktay Keski̇n, Sevi̇l Erdenli̇ğ Gürbi̇lek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purposes of this study were to investigate plasmid profiles of the isolated virulent (VapA positive) agents by RFLP and to determine the quantitative aspects of Rhodococcus equi in the feces of adult horses and foals, as well as in soil. The frequency of detection of R. equi and virulent R. equi in fecal samples and soil was studied from 20 farms in the Şanlıurfa region. A total of 315 samples were examined. Nasal swabs from 25 foals with pneumonia were also analyzed. R. equi was isolated and identified from 263 (83.4%) samples originating from 15 out of 20 farms. …

Molecular Characterization Of The Bovine Noroviruses From Diarrheic Calves In Turkey, İrem Gülaçti, İbrahi̇m Sözdutmaz, Hakan Işidan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we performed a survey to detect bovine noroviruses (BNoVs) in Turkey between 2009 and 2011 using 235 fecal samples from neonatal calves with diarrhea that were analyzed by nested reverse-transcription RT-PCR, using primers located in the consensus sequences of the BNoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. The BNoV RdRp gene was detected in 1.7% (4/235) of samples by nested RT-PCR. The nucleotide sequences of partial RdRp fragments from the BNoV isolates including the newly identified Turkish isolates showed more than 86.3% nt and 96.8% aa identity with each other. Interestingly, in a comparison of the nt and …

Growth, Slaughter, And Carcass Characteristics Of Honamlı, Hair, And Honamlı X Hair (F1) Male Goat Kids Bred Under Extensive Conditions, Aykut Asim Akbaş, Mustafa Saatci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Growth and carcass characteristics of Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı x Hair crossbred goat kids were investigated in this study. Seven kids, having live weights between 25 and 30 kg, were slaughtered. It was found that the live weights of Honamlı, Hair, and Honamlı x Hair kids were 3.90 kg and 27.50 kg, 3.04 kg and 16.91 kg, and 3.58 kg and 22.07 kg at birth and on the 120th day, respectively. Honamlı kids had higher body measurements, as well as birth and live weights, when compared to the other genotypes. While flocks had an important effect (P < 0.001) on all growth periods, the effect of dam age on body measurements was also significant (P > 0.05), except on …

Influence Of Different Proteinaceous Diets On Consumption, Brood Rearing,And Honey Bee Quality Parameters Under Isolation Conditions, Abdulraouf Amro, Mohamed Omar, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of 5 proteinaceous diets on honey bees under isolation conditions. The diets were soybean meal, mesquite pod powder, date paste, Feedbee®, and corn gluten, along with control colonies (bees fed naturally on pollens). These 5 diets were supplied to honey bee colonies under isolation conditions, except for the control group. Food consumption amount, brood rearing activity, and some physiological parameters of the honey bees were measured. The best consumption amount was for date paste, followed by Feedbee, mesquite, and corn gluten, respectively. Concerning brood rearing activity, the highest mean of sealed …