Epidemiology Commons^™

Population-Based Assessment Of The Burden Of Covid-19 Infection In African Countries: A First-Year Report Card And Public Health Implications, Osaro Mgbere, Ogbonna Collins Nwabuko, Olajumoke A Olateju, Omolola E Adepoju, Winston Liaw, Charles Darkoh, Ekere James Essien

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a global health threat and poses a major burden on the African continent. We assessed the real-world burden of COVID-19 infection in African Union (AU) member states to determine the distributional patterns of epidemiological measures during the first 1 year of the pandemic.

METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized COVID-19 data from publicly available data repositories of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention and

RESULTS: A total of 3.21 million cases were reported during the 1-year period, with 2.6 million recoveries, 536,784 cases remaining active, and 77,486 deaths. Most countries (49.1%,

CONCLUSION: Understanding …

Are Trauma Surgeons Prepared? A Survey Of Trauma Surgeons’ Disaster Preparedness Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jay Doucet, David V Shatz, Lewis J Kaplan, Eileen M Bulger, Jeannette Capella, Deborah A Kuhls, Mary Fallat, Kyle N Remick, Christopher Newton, Adam Fox, Randeep Jawa, John A Harvin, David P Blake, Marko Bukur, Jonathan Gates, James Ficke, Mark L Gestring, The American Association For Surgery Of Trauma Disaster Committee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: US trauma centers (TCs) must remain prepared for mass casualty incidents (MCIs). However, trauma surgeons may lack formal MCI training. The recent COVID-19 pandemic drove multiple patient surges, overloaded Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies, and stressed TCs. This survey assessed trauma surgeons' MCI training, experience, and system and personal preparedness before the pandemic compared with the pandemic's third year.

METHODS: Survey invitations were emailed to all 1544 members of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma in 2019, and then resent in 2022 to 1575 members with additional questions regarding the pandemic. Questions assessed practice type, TC characteristics, …

Dynamic Patterns And Modelling Of Covid-19 Early Transmission By Dynamic Mode Decomposition, Dehong Fang, Lei Guo, M. Courtney Hughes, Jifu Tan

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Introduction

Understanding the transmission patterns and dynamics of COVID-19 is critical to effective monitoring, intervention, and control for future pandemics. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of COVID-19 transmission during the early stage of the outbreak in the US, with the goal of informing future responses to similar outbreaks.

Methods

We used dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and national data on COVID-19 cases (April 6, 2020–October 9, 2020) to model the spread of COVID-19 in the US as a dynamic system. DMD can decompose the complex evolution of disease cases into linear combinations of …

Burnout During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Report On Pediatric Residents, Linessa M Zuniga, Abigail Schuh, Alan Schwartz, Patricia Seo-Mayer, Rachel Cramton, Kira Sieplinga, Ruchi Kaushik, Lauren Nassetta, Jason H Homme, Jessica Babal, John D Mahan, Maneesh Batra

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objective: The Pediatric Resident Burnout and Resilience Consortium (PRB-RSC) has described the epidemiology of burnout in pediatric residents since 2016. We hypothesized burnout rates during the pandemic would increase. We explored resident burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship to resident perception of workload, training, personal life, and local COVID burden.

Methods: Since 2016, PRB-RSC has sent an annual, confidential survey to over 30 pediatric and medicine-pediatrics residencies. In 2020 and 2021, seven questions were added to explore the relationship of COVID-19 and perceptions of workload, training, and personal life.

Results: In 2019, 46 programs participated, 22 …

Twitter Sentiment Analysis: Applications In Healthcare And Finance, Jiali Wang

Dissertations

This research explores the influence of Twitter sentiment on healthcare and finance industries. It assesses how Twitter sentiment and culture measure influence COVID-19 statistics, and it investigates the impact of Twitter sentiment on S&P 1500 stock mispricing. Furthermore, it examines how tweet sentiment predicts major industry returns.

The first part examines how Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions (HCD) and Twitter economic uncertainty index (TEU) relate to COVID-19 infection rate and death rate. The results show certain aspects in HCD, such as power distance index (PDI) and masculinity (MAS) both are negatively and significantly associated with the infection rate, while indulgence (IVR) and …

Habitat Imaging Biomarkers For Diagnosis And Prognosis In Cancer Patients Infected With Covid-19, Muhammad Aminu, Divya Yadav, Lingzhi Hong, Elliana Young, Paul Edelkamp, Maliazurina Saad, Morteza Salehjahromi, Pingjun Chen, Sheeba J Sujit, Melissa M Chen, Bradley Sabloff, Gregory Gladish, Patricia M De Groot, Myrna C B Godoy, Tina Cascone, Natalie I Vokes, Jianjun Zhang, Kristy K Brock, Naval Daver, Scott E Woodman, Hussein A Tawbi, Ajay Sheshadri, J Jack Lee, David Jaffray, D Code Team, Carol C Wu, Caroline Chung, Jia Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: Cancer patients have worse outcomes from the COVID-19 infection and greater need for ventilator support and elevated mortality rates than the general population. However, previous artificial intelligence (AI) studies focused on patients without cancer to develop diagnosis and severity prediction models. Little is known about how the AI models perform in cancer patients. In this study, we aim to develop a computational framework for COVID-19 diagnosis and severity prediction particularly in a cancer population and further compare it head-to-head to a general population.

METHODS: We have enrolled multi-center international cohorts with 531 CT scans from 502 general patients and …

Faktor - Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kematian Pasien Covid-19 Lansia Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rsud Kabupaten Karanganyar, Soraya Hidayati, Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Virus COVID-19 terus menyebabkan lebih banyak orang menjadi sakit dan meninggal dunia setiap harinya. Selain itu, varian virus COVID-19 baru juga terus ditemukan. Lebih dari 80% kematian karena COVID-19 terjadi pada penderita yang memiliki komorbid dan berusia di atas 65 tahun. Perlu diketahui penyakit komorbid apa saja yang berpengaruh terhadap kematian pasien COVID- 19 lansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian COVID-19 pada pasien lansia yang melakukan rawat inap di RSUD Karanganyar mulai Januari 2020 - Mei 2021. Sebanyak 322 pasien COVID-19 lansia yang terdata dalam file database rekam medis pasien rawat inap di …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Stroke Pada Penduduk Usia >15 Tahun Di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Analisis Riskesdas 2018), Vika Azzahra, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, prevalensi stroke pada penduduk usia >15 tahun di Indonesia sebesar 7 permil dan mengalami kenaikan dari tahun 2007 yang sebesar 6 permil. Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) menjadi provinsi dengan prevalensi stroke tertinggi kedua di Indonesia dan prevalensinya melebihi angka nasional yakni sebesar 10,3 permil pada tahun 2013. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia >15 tahun di Provinsi DIY. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menganalisis data Riskesdas 2018 Provinsi DIY sebanyak 6695 responden. Chi square dan regresi logistik ganda digunakan sebagai uji statistik pada penelitian …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perempuan Melakukan Pemeriksaan Dini Kanker Serviks : A Scoping Review, Prila Khairunnisa, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo, Sabarinah Prasetyo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Berdasarkan laporan dari The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020, kasus terbaru kanker serviks di Indonesia sebanyak 36.633 jiwa (17,2%) menempati posisi kedua setelah kanker payudara dan menempati posisi ketiga penyebab kematian akibat kanker. Secara nasional hanya sebanyak 8,3% perempuan usia 30-50 tahun yang melakukan pemeriksaan dini kanker serviks melalui metode Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA test) dan kanker payudara dengan Periksa Payudara Sendiri (SADARI). Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menemukan bukti berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pencegahan dini kanker serviks pada perempuan di Indonesia. Scoping Review digunakan untuk menafsirkan hasil sesuai dengan evidence based dengan menerapkan kriteria inklusi …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stres Pada Tenaga Bantuan Kkp Kelas I Soekarno-Hatta Di Era Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2021, Rasya Cyka Prameswari, Syahrizal Syarif

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Pekerja dapat mengalami stres, termasuk Tenaga Bantuan di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP). Selama Pandemi COVID- 19, tenaga bantuan KKP melakukan pengawasan terhadap COVID-19. Dengan beban kerja yang dimiliki dan rasa lelah memungkinkan tenaga bantuan mudah merasakan stress. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stres pada Tenaga Bantuan KKP Kelas I Soekarno-hatta. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi analitik yaitu cross-sectional. 90 Tenaga Bantuan yang bertugas di KKP Kelas I Soekarno-Hatta sejak Januari sampai Oktober 2020 merupakan populasi penelitian. 74 diantaranya merupakan sampel penelitian dengan kriteria telah bertugas lebih dari 4 minggu. Teknik saturation sampling digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel. Variabel …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Ventilator Associate Pneumonia Di Ruang Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Umum Kabupaten Tangerang, Yesi Maria, Syahrizal Syarif

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Ventilator Associate Pneumonia yang sering disingkat VAP adalah terjadinya pneumonia pada pasien yang telah terpasang ventilasi mekanik dengan menggunakan endotrakhea tube (ETT) dengan durasi penggunaan minimal 48 jam. Pneumonia terjadi karena infeksi nosocomial yang umumnya didapatkan dari penggunaan ventilator di rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian VAP pada pasien yang dirawat di ruang ICU Rumah Sakit Umum Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menganalisis data skunder yaitu telaah rekam medis pasien sebanyak 120 responden. Chi square dan regresi logistik ganda digunakan sebagai uji statistik pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menyatakan …

Accelerometer-Measured Latent Physical Activity Profiles And Neurocognition Among Middle-Aged And Older Hispanic/Latino Adults In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (Hchs/Sol)\, Priscilla M Vásquez, Wassim Tarraf, Albert Chai, Adit Doza, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Keith M Diaz, Zvinka Z Zlatar, Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu, Linda C Gallo, Mayra L Estrella, Elizabeth Vásquez, Kelly R Evenson, Tasneem Khambaty, Bharat Thyagarajan, Richard H Singer, Neil Schneiderman, Martha L Daviglus, Hector M González

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: Derive latent profiles of accelerometry-measured moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for Hispanic/Latino adults, examine associations between latent MVPA profiles and neurocognition, and describe profiles via self-reported MVPA.

Methods: Complex survey design methods were applied to cross-sectional data from 7,672 adults ages 45-74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008-2011). MVPA was measured via hip-worn accelerometers. Latent profile analysis was applied to derive latent MVPA profiles (minutes/day of week). Neurocognition was assessed with the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT) Sum, B-SEVLT Recall, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (word fluency), and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test. All …

Sentiment Analysis Of Insomnia-Related Tweets Via A Combination Of Transformers Using Dempster-Shafer Theory: Pre- And Peri-Covid-19 Pandemic Retrospective Study, Arash Maghsoudi, Sara Nowakowski, Ritwick Agrawal, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Mark E Kunik, Aanand D Naik, Hua Xu, Javad Razjouyan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional stress on population health that may result in a change of sleeping behavior.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we hypothesized that using natural language processing to explore social media would help with assessing the mental health conditions of people experiencing insomnia after the outbreak of COVID-19.

METHODS: We designed a retrospective study that used public social media content from Twitter. We categorized insomnia-related tweets based on time, using the following two intervals: the prepandemic (January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020) and peripandemic (January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2021) intervals. We performed a …

Covid-19 Vaccines: The Imperfect Instruments Of Vaccine Diplomacy, Peter J Hotez

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Although true vaccine diplomacy in the form of sharing vaccine development technologies and scientific cooperation with low- and middle-income countries has not been a dominant theme in the COVID-19 pandemic, this aspect is now taking off and generating some exciting new possibilities.

Risk Factors For Sars-Cov-2 Transmission In Close Contacts Of Adults At High Risk Of Infection Due To Occupation: Results From The Contact Tracing Strategy Of The Covida Epidemiological Surveillance Study In Bogotá, Colombia, In 2020-2021, Andrea Ramírez Varela, Sandra Contreras-Arrieta, Guillermo Tamayo-Cabeza, Leonardo Salas Zapata, Yuldor Caballero-Díaz, Luis Jorge Hernández Florez, Andrés Patiño Benavidez, Rachid Laajaj, Fernando De La Hoz, Giancarlo Buitrago Gutierrez, Silvia Restrepo, Eduardo Behrentz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in close contacts of adults at high risk of infection due to occupation, participants of the CoVIDA study, in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

SETTING: The CoVIDA study was the largest COVID-19 intensified sentinel epidemiological surveillance study in Colombia thus far, performing over 60 000 RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study implemented a contact tracing strategy (via telephone call) to support traditional surveillance actions performed by the local health authority.

PARTICIPANTS: Close contacts of participants from the CoVIDA study.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: SARS-CoV-2 testing results were obtained (RT-PCR with CoVIDA …

On Kernel-Based Estimator Of Odds Ratio Using Different Stratified Sampling Schemes, Abbas Eftekharian, Hani Samawi, Haresh Rochani

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The kernel-based estimator of Cochran Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio based on stratified simple and ranked set sampling is proposed. The expectation and variance of the estimator are analytically obtained. Using a simulation study, the estimator based on stratified ranked set sampling is more efficient than its counterpart based on stratified simple random sampling. Finally, the estimator's performance is investigated by using base deficit data.

Work-Family Spillover And Depression: Are There Racial Differences Among Employed Women?, Ariane L. Rung, Evrim Oral, Edward S. Peters

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

The intersection of work and family life can be a source of burden (negative) and a source of growth (positive). Negative work-to-family and family-to-work spillover have been linked to poor mental health, while positive work-to-family and family-to-work spillover have been linked to improved health outcomes. Less is known about these relationships in racial subgroups. Louisiana, USA, has a large proportion of African Americans, providing a unique population in which to study these relationships. The objectives of this study were to examine, among a sample of women in southern Louisiana in 2017, levels of work-family spillover by race and how the …

Stabilization Of Mcl-1 By E3 Ligase Traf4 Confers Radioresistance, Ming Li, Feng Gao, Xiaoying Li, Yu Gan, Shuangze Han, Xinfang Yu, Haidan Liu, Wei Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The E3 ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is frequently overexpressed and closely related to poor prognosis in human malignancies. However, its effect on carcinogenesis and radiosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The present study found that TRAF4 was significantly upregulated in primary and relapsed OSCC tumor tissues. Depletion of TRAF4 markedly improved the sensitivity of OSCC cells to irradiation (IR) treatment, showing that tumor cell proliferation, colony formation and xenograft tumor growth were reduced. Mechanistically, IR promoted the interaction between TRAF4 and Akt to induce Akt K63-mediated ubiquitination and activation. TRAF4 knockout inhibited the phosphorylation of …

Association Of Chlorhexidine Use And Scaling And Root Planing With Birth Outcomes In Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Maxwell Akonde, Rajat Das Gupta, Maxwell Akonde, Mark Reynolds, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Jihong Liu Sc.D., Fouzia Tarannum, James Beck, Donald Mattison

Faculty Publications

Importance Chlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.

Objective To assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.

Data Sources Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science …

Association Of Chlorhexidine Use And Scaling And Root Planing With Birth Outcomes In Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Anwar T. Nerchant, Rajat Das Gupta, Maxwell Akonde, Mark Reynolds, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Jihong Liu, Fouzia Tarannum, James Beck, Donald Mattison

Faculty Publications

Importance Chlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.

Objective To assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.

Data Sources Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science …